Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	LIMES: a hypertext interface to a cholesterol management expert system.	Beverly Kane	1990	LIMES: a hypertext interface to a cholesterol management expert system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	MKS: An expert system shell for HIS environment.	Dan Qiu,Joachim Dudeck	1990	MKS: An expert system shell for HIS environment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical informatics, computer applications in health care: E.H. Shortliffe and L.E. Perreault, eds., G. Wiederhold and L.M. Fagan, associate eds., (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) 715 pp., $45.25.	Lawrence E. Widman	1990	Medical informatics, computer applications in health care: E.H. Shortliffe and L.E. Perreault, eds., G. Wiederhold and L.M. Fagan, associate eds., (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) 715 pp., $45.25.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A hypermedia document collection for primary care: why, what, and how?	Toomas Timpka,Per Hedblom,Gösta Tibblin	1990	A hypermedia document collection for primary care: why, what, and how?
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A temporal reasoning framework used in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.	Elpida T. Keravnou,John Washbrook	1990	A temporal reasoning framework used in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Software review: Schindler and Partners, Expert System AUTOKLAS, Version 5.0, Riesweiler, FRG, 1989. DM 10500.	Norbert Paul	1990	Software review: Schindler and Partners, Expert System AUTOKLAS, Version 5.0, Riesweiler, FRG, 1989. DM 10500.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Structure and significance of analogical reasoning.	J. A. Campbell,John Wolstencroft	1990	Structure and significance of analogical reasoning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Deep models for medical expert systems.	Elpida Keravnou	1990	Deep models for medical expert systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Editorial: Medical expertext.	Roy Rada	1990	Editorial: Medical expertext.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A report on medical expert systems research in Italy.	Pietro Torasso	1990	A report on medical expert systems research in Italy.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical expertext as regularity in semantic nets.	Hafedh Mili,Roy Rada	1990	Medical expertext as regularity in semantic nets.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Guides for hypertext: an overview.	Mark E. Frisse,Steve B. Cousins	1990	Guides for hypertext: an overview.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Some causal models are deeper than others.	Tom Bylander	1990	Some causal models are deeper than others.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The construction of knowledge in neurology: implications for hypermedia system development.	James M. Nyce,William Graves III	1990	The construction of knowledge in neurology: implications for hypermedia system development.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The 1990 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.	Gregory F. Cooper,Mark A. Musen	1990	The 1990 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logic engineering for knowledge engineering: design and implementation of the Oxford System of Medicine.	"John Fox,Andrzej J. Glowinski,Colin Gordon,Saki Hajnal,Mike O'Neil"	1990	Logic engineering for knowledge engineering: design and implementation of the Oxford System of Medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems: B.R. Gaines and J.H. Boose (eds.), Academic Press, London, 1988. Xix + 355 pages, £ 16.95.	Ulrich Müller-Kolck	1990	Knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems: B.R. Gaines and J.H. Boose (eds.), Academic Press, London, 1988. Xix + 355 pages, £ 16.95.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A clinical information system for oncology: John P. Enterline, Raymond E. Lenhard and Bruce I. Blum, Springer, Berlin, 1989. Xvii + 268 pages, 103 figures, hard cover, DM 90.00.	S. T. Horwiczky	1990	A clinical information system for oncology: John P. Enterline, Raymond E. Lenhard and Bruce I. Blum, Springer, Berlin, 1989. Xvii + 268 pages, 103 figures, hard cover, DM 90.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An introduction to formal language theory (with a contribution by James Pustejovsky): Robert N. Moll Michael A. Arbib, Springer, Berlin, 1988. X + 203 pages, 61 figures, hard cover, DM 68.00.	P. J. Nevisti	1990	An introduction to formal language theory (with a contribution by James Pustejovsky): Robert N. Moll Michael A. Arbib, Springer, Berlin, 1988. X + 203 pages, 61 figures, hard cover, DM 68.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Diagnostic efficiency of deep and surface knowledge in KARDIO.	Igor Mozetic	1990	Diagnostic efficiency of deep and surface knowledge in KARDIO.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automating the knowledge acquisition process in the construction of medical expert systems.	Andrew K. C. Wong,Keith C. C. Chan	1990	Automating the knowledge acquisition process in the construction of medical expert systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Qualitative models in medical diagnosis.	Liliana Ironi,Mario Stefanelli,Giordano Lanzola	1990	Qualitative models in medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Coupling hypertext to an object-oriented environment.	Isabelle de Zegher,Philippe Jassem	1990	Coupling hypertext to an object-oriented environment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Expert system support for the therapeutic management of cerebrovascular disease.	Ulrich Müller-Kolck	1990	Expert system support for the therapeutic management of cerebrovascular disease.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	In dubio pro aegro.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	1990	In dubio pro aegro.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automation of cytogenetics: Claes Lundsteen and Jim Piper (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 1989, Xvi + 316 pages, 103 figures, hard cover, DM 128.00.	B. D. Leppelt	1990	Automation of cytogenetics: Claes Lundsteen and Jim Piper (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 1989, Xvi + 316 pages, 103 figures, hard cover, DM 128.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Making deepness explicit.	John Washbrook,Elpida T. Keravnou	1990	Making deepness explicit.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Monitoring diseases with empirical and model-generated histories.	Enrico W. Coiera	1990	Monitoring diseases with empirical and model-generated histories.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The qualitative criticism of circulatory models via bipartite teleological analysis.	Keith L. Downing	1990	The qualitative criticism of circulatory models via bipartite teleological analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge acquisition: James F. Brulé and Alexander Blount, McGraw Hill, New York/Hamburg, 1989. Xxvii + 253 pages, paperback, DM 75.33.	G. L. Gracia-Moret	1990	Knowledge acquisition: James F. Brulé and Alexander Blount, McGraw Hill, New York/Hamburg, 1989. Xxvii + 253 pages, paperback, DM 75.33.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Towards computer-assisted maintenance of medical knowledge bases.	Dario A. Giuse,Nunzia Bettinsoli Giuse,Randolph A. Miller	1990	Towards computer-assisted maintenance of medical knowledge bases.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Expertext for medical care and literature retrieval.	Roy Rada,Judith Barlow,Pieter E. Zanstra,Pieter de Vries Robbé,Djujan Bijstra,Jan Potharst	1990	Expertext for medical care and literature retrieval.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Uncertainty and intelligent systems: B. Bouchon, L. Saitta and R.R. Yager (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 1988. Viii + 408 pages, soft cover, DM 55.00.	R. L. Hurlicz	1990	Uncertainty and intelligent systems: B. Bouchon, L. Saitta and R.R. Yager (eds.), Springer, Berlin, 1988. Viii + 408 pages, soft cover, DM 55.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Support of multilingual medical research.	R. F. Walters,C. Zhang	1991	Support of multilingual medical research.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Utilizing detailed anatomical knowledge for hypothesis formation and hypothesis testing in rheumatological decision support.	Werner Horn	1991	Utilizing detailed anatomical knowledge for hypothesis formation and hypothesis testing in rheumatological decision support.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal query processing with indefinite information.	Peter van Beek	1991	Temporal query processing with indefinite information.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Solving quality assurance problems with object scripting languages.	Jules J. Berman	1991	Solving quality assurance problems with object scripting languages.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	PROLOG. Grundlagen und anwendungen, zweite überarbeitete und erweiterte auflage: H. Kleine Büning and S. Schmitgen, (B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1988) 311 pp., softcover, DM 38.00.	Christian E. Dralle	1991	PROLOG. Grundlagen und anwendungen, zweite überarbeitete und erweiterte auflage: H. Kleine Büning and S. Schmitgen, (B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1988) 311 pp., softcover, DM 38.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Heterogeneous knowledge representation using a finite automaton and first order logic: a case study in electromyography.	Vincent Rialle,Annick Vila,Yves Besnard	1991	Heterogeneous knowledge representation using a finite automaton and first order logic: a case study in electromyography.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An expert system for the interpretation of full blood counts and blood smears in a hematology laboratory.	C. Janse Tolmie,Johan P. Du Plessis,P. N. Badenhorst	1991	An expert system for the interpretation of full blood counts and blood smears in a hematology laboratory.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Automatically analyzing a steadily beating ventricle's iterative behavior over time."	Alexander S. Yeh	1991	"Automatically analyzing a steadily beating ventricle's iterative behavior over time."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Classification of electrocardiographic signals: a fuzzy pattern matching approach.	Witold Pedrycz,Giovanni Bortolan,Rosanna Degani	1991	Classification of electrocardiographic signals: a fuzzy pattern matching approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Programmieren in prolog: W.F. Clocksin and C.S. Mellish, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990) XIV + 331 pp., 43 figures, softcover, DM 48.00.	Christian E. Dralle	1991	Programmieren in prolog: W.F. Clocksin and C.S. Mellish, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990) XIV + 331 pp., 43 figures, softcover, DM 48.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An introduction to programming in prolog: Patrick Saint-Dizier, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990) XI + 184 pp., 44 figures, softcover, DM 48.00.	Christian E. Dralle	1991	An introduction to programming in prolog: Patrick Saint-Dizier, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990) XI + 184 pp., 44 figures, softcover, DM 48.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Flexible reasoning about patient management using multiple models.	William J. Long	1991	Flexible reasoning about patient management using multiple models.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical temporal reasoning.	Elpida T. Keravnou	1991	Medical temporal reasoning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Diagnosis: Philosophical and medical perspectives : Nathaniel Laor and Joseph Agassi, (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1990) XVIII + 262 pp., hardcover, US $ 68.00.	Luc P. Lindström	1991	Diagnosis: Philosophical and medical perspectives : Nathaniel Laor and Joseph Agassi, (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1990) XVIII + 262 pp., hardcover, US $ 68.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A model of differential diagnosis in histopathology using the theory of hypergraphs and social choice.	Heather Heathfield,Deb Bose,Nigel Kirkham	1991	A model of differential diagnosis in histopathology using the theory of hypergraphs and social choice.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Transpro: natural language to Prolog translation of genealogy statements in USDVA file manager.	Wolfgang Giere,Ichiro Wakai	1991	Transpro: natural language to Prolog translation of genealogy statements in USDVA file manager.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The visual display of temporal information.	Steve B. Cousins,Michael G. Kahn	1991	The visual display of temporal information.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical expert system user interface.	G. William Moore	1991	Medical expert system user interface.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Precedence logic in the development of a blood bank expert system.	James M. Sorace	1991	Precedence logic in the development of a blood bank expert system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The DeSyGNER knowledge management architecture: a building block approach based on an extensible kernel.	Robert A. Greenes,Stephan R. A. Deibel	1991	The DeSyGNER knowledge management architecture: a building block approach based on an extensible kernel.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The role of essential explanation in abduction.	Olivier Fischer,Ashok K. Goel,John R. Svirbely,Jack W. Smith	1991	The role of essential explanation in abduction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The computer and the brain: Perspectives on human and artificial intelligence : Jean R. Brink, C. Roland Haden, eds., Chritopher Burawa, assistant ed., (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989) XVI + 263 pp., 38 figures, hardcover, US $ 58.00.	Luc P. Lindström	1991	The computer and the brain: Perspectives on human and artificial intelligence : Jean R. Brink, C. Roland Haden, eds., Chritopher Burawa, assistant ed., (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989) XVI + 263 pp., 38 figures, hardcover, US $ 58.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	DIAGAID: a connectionist approach to determine the diagnostic value of clinical data.	Jari Forsström,Patrik Eklund,Harry Virtanen,Joakim Waxlax,Juhani Lähdevirta	1991	DIAGAID: a connectionist approach to determine the diagnostic value of clinical data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A history of medical informatics: Bruce I. Blum and Karen Duncan, eds., (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) 455 pp., US $ 49.50.	Lawrence E. Widman	1991	A history of medical informatics: Bruce I. Blum and Karen Duncan, eds., (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) 455 pp., US $ 49.50.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal logics and their applications: Antony Galton (ed.), (Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, London, 1987) XII + 244 pp., hardcover, £ 24.00.	Dagmar Gröppel	1991	Temporal logics and their applications: Antony Galton (ed.), (Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, London, 1987) XII + 244 pp., hardcover, £ 24.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Editorial.	Pietro Torasso	1991	Editorial.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A scheme of inference of regular grammars for the syntactic pattern recognition of saccadic eye movements.	Martti Juhola,Tapio Grönfors	1991	A scheme of inference of regular grammars for the syntactic pattern recognition of saccadic eye movements.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AIME 89: Jim Hunter, John Cookson, and Jeremy Wyatt (eds.), (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989) X + 330 pp., softcover, DM 81.00.	Dagmar Gröppel	1991	AIME 89: Jim Hunter, John Cookson, and Jeremy Wyatt (eds.), (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989) X + 330 pp., softcover, DM 81.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using quantitative and qualitative constraints in models of cardiac electrophysiology.	Jim Hunter,Ian Kirby,Nick Gotts	1991	Using quantitative and qualitative constraints in models of cardiac electrophysiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logische grundlagen der künstlichen intelligenz: Michael R. Genesereth and Nils J. Nilsson, (Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1989) XXIV + 576 pp., softcover, DM 78.00.	Christian E. Dralle	1991	Logische grundlagen der künstlichen intelligenz: Michael R. Genesereth and Nils J. Nilsson, (Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1989) XXIV + 576 pp., softcover, DM 78.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Wörterbuch der medizinischen informatik: Hans Jürgen Seelos (ed.), (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1990) XXII + 550 pp., 34 figures, hardcover, DM 148.00.	Uwe C. Limbach	1991	Wörterbuch der medizinischen informatik: Hans Jürgen Seelos (ed.), (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1990) XXII + 550 pp., 34 figures, hardcover, DM 148.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On the co-operation between abductive and temporal reasoning in medical diagnosis.	Luca Console,Pietro Torasso	1991	On the co-operation between abductive and temporal reasoning in medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Methodological principles in medical knowledge programming: part I.	Peter Hucklenbroich	1991	Methodological principles in medical knowledge programming: part I.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Abductive localization of brain damage: incorporating spatial adjacency relations.	Stanley Tuhrim,Deborah R. Horowitz,James A. Reggia,Sharon Goodall	1991	Abductive localization of brain damage: incorporating spatial adjacency relations.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Teaching medicine using hypertexts: three years of experience at the Ancona Medical School.	Angelo Corvetta,Giovanni Pomponio,Aldo Salvi,Michele M. Luchetti	1991	Teaching medicine using hypertexts: three years of experience at the Ancona Medical School.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	PROLOG. Fortgeschrittene programmiertechniken: Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Bonn, 1988) XXVII + 468 pp., 70 figures, hardcover, DM 78.00.	Christian E. Dralle	1991	PROLOG. Fortgeschrittene programmiertechniken: Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Bonn, 1988) XXVII + 468 pp., 70 figures, hardcover, DM 78.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Foundations of neural networks : Tarun Khanna, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) XII + 196 pp., numerous figures, softcover, price not listed.	Luc P. Lindström	1991	Foundations of neural networks : Tarun Khanna, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990) XII + 196 pp., numerous figures, softcover, price not listed.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A Bayesian expert system for the analysis of an adverse drug reaction.	Robert G. Cowell,A. Philip Dawid,T. Hutchinson,David J. Spiegelhalter	1991	A Bayesian expert system for the analysis of an adverse drug reaction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Inducing diagnostic rules for glomerular disease with the DLG machine learning algorithm.	Geoffrey I. Webb,John W. M. Agar	1992	Inducing diagnostic rules for glomerular disease with the DLG machine learning algorithm.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based flash evoked potential recognition system.	J. Xu,S. Hyman,P. King	1992	Knowledge-based flash evoked potential recognition system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A fuzzy expert system shell: From minicomputer to PC.	Kwong-Sak Leung,Y. T. So,Ares Leung,W. S. Felix Wong	1992	A fuzzy expert system shell: From minicomputer to PC.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	GAIT-ER-AID: An expert system for diagnosis of human gait.	George A. Bekey,Joung-woo John Kim,JoAnne K. Gronley,Ernest L. Bontrager,Jacquelin Perry	1992	GAIT-ER-AID: An expert system for diagnosis of human gait.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Background knowledge in diagnosis.	Elpida T. Keravnou,F. Dams,John Washbrook,R. M. Dawood,C. M. Hall,D. Shaw	1992	Background knowledge in diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	M-HTP: A system for monitoring heart transplant patients.	Cristiana Larizza,Andrea Moglia,Mario Stefanelli	1992	M-HTP: A system for monitoring heart transplant patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Flexible support for trauma management through goal-directed reasoning and planning.	Bonnie L. Webber,Ron Rymon,John R. Clarke	1992	Flexible support for trauma management through goal-directed reasoning and planning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Qualitative simulation of dynamic physiological models using the KEE environment.	Mauro Ursino,Guido Avanzolini,P. Barbini	1992	Qualitative simulation of dynamic physiological models using the KEE environment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Qualitative modeling as a paradigm for diagnosis and prediction in critical care environments.	N. Serdar Uckun,Benoit M. Dawant	1992	Qualitative modeling as a paradigm for diagnosis and prediction in critical care environments.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Certainty factor theory: Its probabilistic interpretations and problems.	Dan Qiu,Joachim Dudeck	1992	Certainty factor theory: Its probabilistic interpretations and problems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian networks for patient monitoring.	Carlo Berzuini,Riccardo Bellazzi,Silvana Quaglini,David J. Spiegelhalter	1992	Bayesian networks for patient monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modeling disturbance management in anesthesia: A preliminary report.	Elizabeth A. Sonenberg,Jeanette A. Lawrence,John Zelcer	1992	Modeling disturbance management in anesthesia: A preliminary report.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automated design of diagnostic systems.	Mirsad Hadzikadic	1992	Automated design of diagnostic systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Consistency checking of binary categorical relationships in a medical knowledge base.	Wolfgang Moser,Klaus-Peter Adlassnig	1992	Consistency checking of binary categorical relationships in a medical knowledge base.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Intermediate depth representations.	Enrico W. Coiera	1992	Intermediate depth representations.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge acquisition for multi-channel electroencephalogram interpretation.	J. Karim Meddahi,Ben H. Jansen	1992	Knowledge acquisition for multi-channel electroencephalogram interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Therapy planning and monitoring.	Mario Stefanelli	1992	Therapy planning and monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Indexing biomedical documents: From thesaural to knowledge-based retrieval systems.	Susanne M. Humphrey	1992	Indexing biomedical documents: From thesaural to knowledge-based retrieval systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A model-based approach to the diagnosis of the cardiac arrhythmias.	Lawrence E. Widman	1992	A model-based approach to the diagnosis of the cardiac arrhythmias.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Hybrid knowledge-based systems for therapy planning.	Silvana Quaglini,Roberto Bellazzi,Carlo Berzuini,Mario Stefanelli,Giovanni Barosi	1992	Hybrid knowledge-based systems for therapy planning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Ripple down rules: Turning knowledge acquisition into knowledge maintenance.	Paul Compton,Glenn Edwards,Byeong Kang,Leslie Lazarus,Ron Malor,Phillip Preston,Ashwin Srinivasan	1992	Ripple down rules: Turning knowledge acquisition into knowledge maintenance.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"MENINGE: A medical consulting system for child's meningitis. Study on a series of consecutive cases."	Patrice François,Bruno Crémilleux,Claudine Robert,Jacques Demongeot	1992	"MENINGE: A medical consulting system for child's meningitis. Study on a series of consecutive cases."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Handbook of theoretical computer science : J. van Leeuwen, ed., Vol. A: Algorithms and Complexity, Vol. B: Formal Methods and Semantics (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990), 2296 pp., hardcover, Dfl. 555.00.	D. B. Czerbo	1992	Handbook of theoretical computer science : J. van Leeuwen, ed., Vol. A: Algorithms and Complexity, Vol. B: Formal Methods and Semantics (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990), 2296 pp., hardcover, Dfl. 555.00.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial intelligence in medicine workshop: AAAI 1992 Spring Symposium Series Stanford University March 25-27, 1992 Workshop Summary.	Michael G. Kahn	1992	Artificial intelligence in medicine workshop: AAAI 1992 Spring Symposium Series Stanford University March 25-27, 1992 Workshop Summary.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	From certainty factors to belief networks.	David Heckerman,Edward H. Shortliffe	1992	From certainty factors to belief networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Representing knowledge in medical decision support systems.	Cynthia Sarmiento	1992	Representing knowledge in medical decision support systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Planning of therapy and tests in causal probabilistic networks.	Steen Andreassen	1992	Planning of therapy and tests in causal probabilistic networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Extraction of diagnostic rules using recursive partitioning systems: A comparison of two approaches.	Ankica Babic,Ewa Krusinska,Jan-Erik Strömberg	1992	Extraction of diagnostic rules using recursive partitioning systems: A comparison of two approaches.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Patient-specific explanation in models of chronic disease.	Holly B. Jimison,Lawrence M. Fagan,R. D. Shachter,Edward H. Shortliffe	1992	Patient-specific explanation in models of chronic disease.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Editorial.	Lawrence E. Widman	1992	Editorial.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Guardian: A prototype intelligent agent for intensive-care monitoring.	Barbara Hayes-Roth,Richard Washington,David Ash,Rattikorn Hewett,Anne Collinot,Angel Vina,Adam Seiver	1992	Guardian: A prototype intelligent agent for intensive-care monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On the soundness and safety of expert systems.	J. Fox	1993	On the soundness and safety of expert systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multiple disorder diagnosis with adaptive competitive neural networks.	Sungzoon Cho,James A. Reggia	1993	Multiple disorder diagnosis with adaptive competitive neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A constraint logic programming framework for constructing DNA restriction maps.	R. Y. Chuan	1993	A constraint logic programming framework for constructing DNA restriction maps.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Guaranteeing real-time response with limited resources.	David Ash,G. Gold,Adam Seiver,Barbara Hayes-Roth	1993	Guaranteeing real-time response with limited resources.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Intelligent monitoring and control of dynamic physiological systems.	Enrico W. Coiera	1993	Intelligent monitoring and control of dynamic physiological systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Probabilistic and decision-theoretic systems in medicine.	Gregory F. Cooper	1993	Probabilistic and decision-theoretic systems in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A tutorial introduction to stochastic simulation algorithms for belief networks.	Steve B. Cousins,W. Chen,Mark E. Frisse	1993	A tutorial introduction to stochastic simulation algorithms for belief networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Symbolic decision support in medical care.	Jiandong Huang,J. Fox,C. Gordon,A. Jackson-Smale	1993	Symbolic decision support in medical care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Physiological applications of consistency-based diagnosis.	Keith L. Downing	1993	Physiological applications of consistency-based diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Towards a statistically oriented decision support system for the management of septicaemia.	Richard Dybowski,William R. Gransden,Ian Phillips	1993	Towards a statistically oriented decision support system for the management of septicaemia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logic-based integrity constraints and the design of dental prostheses.	Peter Hammond,John C. Davenport,F. J. Fitzpatrick	1993	Logic-based integrity constraints and the design of dental prostheses.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Graphical knowledge acquisition for medical diagnostic expert systems.	Ute Gappa,Frank Puppe,Stefan Schewe	1993	Graphical knowledge acquisition for medical diagnostic expert systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical decision making based on inductive learning method.	J. Kern,G. Dezelic,T. Durrigl,S. Vuletic	1993	Medical decision making based on inductive learning method.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Consistency enforcement in medical knowledge base construction.	D. A. Giuse,N. B. Giuse,R. A. Miller	1993	Consistency enforcement in medical knowledge base construction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Inferential knowledge acquisition.	Giordano Lanzola,Mario Stefanelli	1993	Inferential knowledge acquisition.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian inference for model-based segmentation of computed radiographs of the hand.	Tod S. Levitt,Marcus W. Hedgcock,John W. Dye,Scott E. Johnston,Vera M. Shadle,Dmitry Vosky	1993	Bayesian inference for model-based segmentation of computed radiographs of the hand.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The representation of medical reasoning models in resolution-based theorem provers.	Peter J. F. Lucas	1993	The representation of medical reasoning models in resolution-based theorem provers.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural network based classification of single-trial EEG data.	Nikola Masic,Gert Pfurtscheller	1993	Neural network based classification of single-trial EEG data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Connectionist expert systems as medical decision aid.	Jorge Muniz Barreto,Fernando Mendes de Azevedo	1993	Connectionist expert systems as medical decision aid.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computing the confidence in a medical decision obtained from an influence diagram.	R. E. Neopolitan	1993	Computing the confidence in a medical decision obtained from an influence diagram.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Specification of models in large expert systems based on causal probabilistic networks.	Kristian G. Olesen,Steen Andreassen	1993	Specification of models in large expert systems based on causal probabilistic networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural computation in medicine.	James A. Reggia	1993	Neural computation in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The design and implementation of a ventilator-management advisor.	Geoffrey Rutledge,George E. Thomsen,Brad R. Farr,Maria A. Tovar,Jeanette X. Polaschek,Ingo A. Beinlich,Lewis B. Sheiner,Lawrence M. Fagan	1993	The design and implementation of a ventilator-management advisor.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"The adolescence of AI in medicine: will the field come of age in the '90s?"	Edward H. Shortliffe	1993	"The adolescence of AI in medicine: will the field come of age in the '90s?"
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploring the relationship between rationality and bounded rationality in medical knowledge-based systems.	Jack W. Smith,A. Bayazitoglu	1993	Exploring the relationship between rationality and bounded rationality in medical knowledge-based systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	European research efforts in medical knowledge-based systems.	Mario Stefanelli	1993	European research efforts in medical knowledge-based systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial intelligence in medicine: state-of-the-art and future prospects.	N. Serdar Uckun	1993	Artificial intelligence in medicine: state-of-the-art and future prospects.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model-based diagnosis in intensive care monitoring: the YAQ approach.	N. Serdar Uckun,Benoit M. Dawant,D. P. Lindstrom	1993	Model-based diagnosis in intensive care monitoring: the YAQ approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic knowledge base refinement: learning from examples and deep knowledge in rheumatology.	Gerhard Widmer,Werner Horn,Bernhard Nagele	1993	Automatic knowledge base refinement: learning from examples and deep knowledge in rheumatology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks for neuromuscular diagnosis.	Yang Xiang,B. Pant,A. Eisen,Michael P. Beddoes,David Poole	1993	Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks for neuromuscular diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Polygenic trait analysis by neural network learning.	L. Fu	1994	Polygenic trait analysis by neural network learning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Removing the assumption of conditional independence from Bayesian decision models by using artificial neural networks: some practical techniques and a case study.	Y. C. Wu,D. H. Gustafson	1994	Removing the assumption of conditional independence from Bayesian decision models by using artificial neural networks: some practical techniques and a case study.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A neural model of cortical map reorganization following a focal lesion.	Steven L. Armentrout,James A. Reggia,Michael Weinrich	1994	A neural model of cortical map reorganization following a focal lesion.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A methodology for evaluation of knowledge-based systems in medicine.	"K. Clarke,R. O'Moore,R. Smeets,Jan L. Talmon,Jytte Brender,Peter McNair,Pirkko Nykänen,Jane Grimson,B. Barber"	1994	A methodology for evaluation of knowledge-based systems in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A causal and temporal reasoning model and its use in drug therapy applications.	Pedro Barahona	1994	A causal and temporal reasoning model and its use in drug therapy applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Reusable influence diagrams.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Silvana Quaglini	1994	Reusable influence diagrams.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A support for decision-making: cost-sensitive learning system.	Ivan Bruha,Sylva Kocková	1994	A support for decision-making: cost-sensitive learning system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On using feedforward neural networks for clinical diagnostic tasks.	Georg Dorffner,Gerold Porenta	1994	On using feedforward neural networks for clinical diagnostic tasks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On the quality of neural net classifiers.	Michael Egmont-Petersen,Jan L. Talmon,Jytte Brender,Peter McNair	1994	On the quality of neural net classifiers.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A resource guide to VR in medicine.	T. Emerson,J. Prothero,Suzanne Weghorst	1994	A resource guide to VR in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An object-oriented approach to knowledge representation in a biomedical domain.	Marco Ensing,Ray Paton,Piet-Hein Speel,Roy Rada	1994	An object-oriented approach to knowledge representation in a biomedical domain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural computing in medicine.	Norberto Ezquerra,A. Pazos	1994	Neural computing in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Integrating consultation and semi-automatic knowledge acquisition in a prototype-based architecture: experiences with dysmorphic syndromes.	Lothar Gierl,S. Stengel-Rutkowski	1994	Integrating consultation and semi-automatic knowledge acquisition in a prototype-based architecture: experiences with dysmorphic syndromes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Augmenting reality in rehabilitation medicine.	Walter J. Greenleaf,Maria A. Tovar	1994	Augmenting reality in rehabilitation medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Dynamic force feedback in a virtual knee palpation.	Noshir A. Langrana,Grigore C. Burdea,K. Lange,Daniel Gomez,Sonal Deshpande	1994	Dynamic force feedback in a virtual knee palpation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Combining rule-based reasoning and mathematical modelling in diabetes care.	E. D. Lehmann,T. Deutsch,Ewart R. Carson,P. H. Sönksen	1994	Combining rule-based reasoning and mathematical modelling in diabetes care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Methodological issues in validating decision-support systems for insulin dosage adjustment.	H. J. Leicester,Abdul V. Roudsari,E. D. Lehmann,Ewart R. Carson	1994	Methodological issues in validating decision-support systems for insulin dosage adjustment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Identifying the measurement noise in glaucomatous testing: an artificial neural network approach.	Xiaohui Liu,Gongxian Cheng,John Xingwang Wu	1994	Identifying the measurement noise in glaucomatous testing: an artificial neural network approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Refinement of the HEPAR expert system: tools and techniques.	Peter J. F. Lucas	1994	Refinement of the HEPAR expert system: tools and techniques.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Effective retrieval in Hospital Information Systems: the use of context in answering queries to Patient Discharge Summaries.	Brenda Nangle,Mark T. Keane	1994	Effective retrieval in Hospital Information Systems: the use of context in answering queries to Patient Discharge Summaries.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The evaluation of expert diagnostic systems. How to assess outcomes and quality parameters?	C. Nohr	1994	The evaluation of expert diagnostic systems. How to assess outcomes and quality parameters?
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 1. Differential indication.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	1994	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 1. Differential indication.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Emerging medical applications of virtual reality: a surgeon's perspective."	Richard M. Satava	1994	"Emerging medical applications of virtual reality: a surgeon's perspective."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Information technology factors in transferability of knowledge based systems in medicine.	T. Schioler,Jan L. Talmon,J. Nolan,Peter McNair	1994	Information technology factors in transferability of knowledge based systems in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Methods in the Virtual Wetlab I: rule-based reasoning driven by nearest-neighbor lattice dynamics.	Hans B. Sieburg	1994	Methods in the Virtual Wetlab I: rule-based reasoning driven by nearest-neighbor lattice dynamics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Learning and discovery from a clinical database: an incremental concept formation approach.	Von-Wun Soo,Jan-Sin Wang,Shih-Pu Wang	1994	Learning and discovery from a clinical database: an incremental concept formation approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Towards productive Knowledge-Based Systems in clinical organizations: a methods perspective.	Toomas Timpka,E. Rauch,James M. Nyce	1994	Towards productive Knowledge-Based Systems in clinical organizations: a methods perspective.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	High-specificity neurological localization using a connectionist model.	Stanley Tuhrim,James A. Reggia,Yun Peng	1994	High-specificity neurological localization using a connectionist model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Integration of quantitative and qualitative reasoning: an expert system for cardiosurgical patients.	Mauro Ursino,E. Artioli,G. Avanzolini,V. Potuto	1994	Integration of quantitative and qualitative reasoning: an expert system for cardiosurgical patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Finding temporal patterns - a set-based approach.	T. D. Wade,P. J. Byrns,J. F. Steiner,J. Bondy	1994	Finding temporal patterns - a set-based approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Virtual reality in medicine.	Suzanne Weghorst	1994	Virtual reality in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural network assisted cardiac auscultation.	I. Cathers	1995	Neural network assisted cardiac auscultation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Development and retrospective evaluation of Hepaxpert-I: a routinely-used expert system for interpretive analysis of hepatitis A and B serologic findings.	Klaus-Peter Adlassnig,Wolfgang Horak	1995	Development and retrospective evaluation of Hepaxpert-I: a routinely-used expert system for interpretive analysis of hepatitis A and B serologic findings.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The NST-EXPERT project: the need to evolve.	Amparo Alonso-Betanzos,Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas,Vicente Moret-Bonillo,S. Lopez-Gonzalez	1995	The NST-EXPERT project: the need to evolve.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Adaptive controllers for intelligent monitoring.	Riccardo Bellazzi,C. Siviero,Mario Stefanelli,Giuseppe De Nicolao	1995	Adaptive controllers for intelligent monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An intelligent interactive system for delivering individualized information to patients.	Bruce G. Buchanan,Johanna D. Moore,D. E. Forsythe,Giuseppe Carenini,S. Ohlsson,Gordon Banks	1995	An intelligent interactive system for delivering individualized information to patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Objects, contradictions and collaboration in medical cognition: an activity-theoretical perspective.	Yrjö Engeström	1995	Objects, contradictions and collaboration in medical cognition: an activity-theoretical perspective.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Clinical monitoring using regression-based trend templates.	Ira J. Haimowitz,P. P. Le,Isaac S. Kohane	1995	Clinical monitoring using regression-based trend templates.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Objectification and negotiation in interpreting clinical images: implications for computer-based patient records.	B. Kaplan	1995	Objectification and negotiation in interpreting clinical images: implications for computer-based patient records.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Editorial.	Isaac S. Kohane	1995	Editorial.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A case study in ontology library construction.	Gertjan van Heijst,Sabina Falasconi,Ameen Abu-Hanna,Guus Schreiber,Mario Stefanelli	1995	A case study in ontology library construction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Architectures for intelligent systems based on reusable components.	Mark A. Musen,Guus Schreiber	1995	Architectures for intelligent systems based on reusable components.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Steering through the murky waters of a scientific conflict: situated and symbolic models of clinical cognition.	Vimla L. Patel,David R. Kaufman,José F. Arocha	1995	Steering through the murky waters of a scientific conflict: situated and symbolic models of clinical cognition.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Causal inference from indirect experiments.	Judea Pearl	1995	Causal inference from indirect experiments.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Neural network classification of infrared spectra of control and Alzheimer's diseased tissue."	Nicolino J. Pizzi,L. P. Choo,James R. Mansfield,Michael Jackson,W. C. Halliday,Henry H. Mantsch,Ray L. Somorjai	1995	"Neural network classification of infrared spectra of control and Alzheimer's diseased tissue."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An ignorant belief network to forecast glucose concentration from clinical databases.	Marco Ramoni,Alberto Riva,Mario Stefanelli,Vimla L. Patel	1995	An ignorant belief network to forecast glucose concentration from clinical databases.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	VIA-RAD: a blackboard-based system for diagnostic radiology. Visual Interaction Assistant for Radiology.	E. Rogers	1995	VIA-RAD: a blackboard-based system for diagnostic radiology. Visual Interaction Assistant for Radiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Use of data abstraction methods to simplify monitoring.	Thomas A. Russ	1995	Use of data abstraction methods to simplify monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Control theory as a conceptual framework for intensive care monitoring.	Brigitte Séroussi,V. Morice,F. Dreyfus,Jean-François Boisvieux	1995	Control theory as a conceptual framework for intensive care monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of a knowledge-based decision-support system for ventilator therapy management.	Nosrat Shahsavar,U. Ludwigs,H. Blomqvist,Hans Gill,O. Wigertz,G. Matell	1995	Evaluation of a knowledge-based decision-support system for ventilator therapy management.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model-based diagnosis of brain disorders: a prototype framework.	Pridi Siregar,P. Toulouse	1995	Model-based diagnosis of brain disorders: a prototype framework.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	One framework, two systems: flexible abductive methods in the problem-space paradigm applied to antibody identification and biopsy interpretation.	Jack W. Smith,A. Bayazitoglu,Todd R. Johnson,Kathy A. Johnson,N. K. Amra	1995	One framework, two systems: flexible abductive methods in the problem-space paradigm applied to antibody identification and biopsy interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A theoretical approach to artificial intelligence systems in medicine.	B. Spyropoulos,G. Papagounos	1995	A theoretical approach to artificial intelligence systems in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	NEUREX: a tutorial expert system for the diagnosis of neurogenic diseases of the lower limbs.	Antonina Starita,Darya Majidi,A. Giordano,M. Battaglia,R. Cioni	1995	NEUREX: a tutorial expert system for the diagnosis of neurogenic diseases of the lower limbs.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Situated clinical cognition.	Toomas Timpka	1995	Situated clinical cognition.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Ontology-based configuration of problem-solving methods and generation of knowledge-acquisition tools: application of PROTEGE-II to protocol-based decision support.	Samson W. Tu,Henrik Eriksson,John H. Gennari,Yuval Shahar,Mark A. Musen	1995	Ontology-based configuration of problem-solving methods and generation of knowledge-acquisition tools: application of PROTEGE-II to protocol-based decision support.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An algorithm for complete enumeration of the mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardias that use multiple atrioventricular, AV nodal, and/or Mahaim pathways.	Lawrence E. Widman,D. A. Tong	1995	An algorithm for complete enumeration of the mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardias that use multiple atrioventricular, AV nodal, and/or Mahaim pathways.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An appraisal of INTERNIST-I.	David A. Wolfram	1995	An appraisal of INTERNIST-I.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Generating recipient-centered explanations about drug prescription.	Berardina De Carolis,Fiorella de Rosis,Floriana Grasso,A. Rossiello,Dianne C. Berry,T. Gillie	1996	Generating recipient-centered explanations about drug prescription.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An expert system for the detection of cervical cancer cells using knowledge-based image analyzer.	S. W. Chan,Kwong-Sak Leung,W. S. Wong	1996	An expert system for the detection of cervical cancer cells using knowledge-based image analyzer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Deep assessment of machine learning techniques using patient treatment in acute abdominal pain in children.	Michalis Blazadonakis,Vassilis Moustakis,Giorgos Charissis	1996	Deep assessment of machine learning techniques using patient treatment in acute abdominal pain in children.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Retrieval of clinical science information using an interactive activation and competition network.	K. J. Cheng	1996	Retrieval of clinical science information using an interactive activation and competition network.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modifying an expert system construction to pattern recognition solution.	Yrjö Auramo,Martti Juhola	1996	Modifying an expert system construction to pattern recognition solution.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Determining and classifying the region of interest in ultrasonic images of the breast using neural networks.	D. Buller,Andrzej Buller,Peter R. Innocent,W. Pawlak	1996	Determining and classifying the region of interest in ultrasonic images of the breast using neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On the interpretation of certainty factors in expert systems.	G. P. Amata Cruz,Gleb Beliakov	1996	On the interpretation of certainty factors in expert systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy gating and the problem of screening.	G. P. Amata Cruz,Gleb Beliakov	1996	Fuzzy gating and the problem of screening.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Don't care values in induction."	N. A. Diamantidis,Emmanouel A. Giakoumakis	1996	"Inductive learning algorithms are powerful tools for the extraction of knowledge from data. Their success in medical domains is well-known. In medical diagnosis domains and generally in real-world applications among other problems, inductive learning algorithms have to deal with unknown values. In most cases unknown values are treated as missing ones. i.e. unknown values which are related to the class of training examples, but are missing due to lack of measurements. In this paper we address the problem of don't care values, which are unknown, because they are irrelevant to the class of the examples. The distinction of don't care values and missing ones is important in medical domains. With this distinction the experts are able to relate each diagnosis to the appropriate subset of attributes. We present techniques for dealing efficiently with don't care values in the induction of decision trees. Furthermore, we examine the importance of the distinction between missing and don't care values and we investigate the existence of don't care values instead of missing ones, in medical and non-medical real-world datasets."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Concept formation vs. logistic regression: predicting death in trauma patients.	Mirsad Hadzikadic,A. Hakenewerth,Benjamin F. Bohren,J. Norton,B. Mehta,C. Andrews	1996	"This study compares two classification models used to predict survival of injured patients entering the emergency department. Concept formation is a machine learning technique that summarizes known examples/cases in the form of a tree. After the tree is constructed, it can then be used to predict the classification of new cases. Logistic regression, on the other hand, is a statistical model that allows for a quantitative relationship for a dichotomous event with several independent variables. The outcome (dependent) variable must have only two choices, e.g. does or does not occur, alive or dead. etc. The result of this model is an equation which is then used to predict the probability of class membership of a new case. The two models were evaluated on a trauma registry database composed of information on all trauma patients admitted in 1992 to a Level I trauma center. A total of 2155 records, representing all trauma patients admitted for more than 24 h or who died in the Emergency Department, were grouped into two databases as follows: (1) discharge status of 'died' (containing 151 records), and (2) any discharge status other than 'died' (containing 2004 records). Both databases contained the same variables."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Application of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network model to medical pattern classification tasks.	Joseph Downs,Robert F. Harrison,R. Lee Kennedy,Simon S. Cross	1996	Application of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network model to medical pattern classification tasks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Managing temporal worlds for medical trend diagnosis.	Ira J. Haimowitz,Isaac S. Kohane	1996	Managing temporal worlds for medical trend diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal reasoning in medicine.	Elpida T. Keravnou	1996	Temporal reasoning in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal diagnostic reasoning based on time-objects.	Elpida T. Keravnou	1996	Temporal diagnostic reasoning based on time-objects.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Sleep classification in infants by decision tree-based neural networks.	I. Koprinska,Gert Pfurtscheller,Doris Flotzinger	1996	Sleep classification in infants by decision tree-based neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modelling ECG signals with hidden Markov models.	A. Koski	1996	In this paper, we have studied the use of continuous probability density function hidden Markov models for the ECG signal analysis problem. Our previous work has focused on syntactic pattern recognition methods in signal processing. Hidden Markov model is basically a non-deterministic probabilistic finite state machine, which can be constructed inductively. It has been widely used in speech recognition and DNA modelling. We have found that hidden Markov models are very suitable for ECG recognition and analysis problems and that they are able to model accurately segmented ECG signals.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Machine learning in prognosis of the femoral neck fracture recovery.	Matjaz Kukar,Igor Kononenko,T. Silvester	1996	We compare the performance of several machine learning algorithms in the problem of prognostics of the femoral neck fracture recovery: the K-nearest neighbours algorithm, the semi-naive Bayesian classifier, backpropagation with weight elimination learning of the multilayered neural networks, the LFC (lookahead feature construction) algorithm, and the Assistant-I and Assistant-R algorithms for top down induction of decision trees using information gain and RELIEFF as search heuristics, respectively. We compare the prognostic accuracy and the explanation ability of different classifiers. Among the different algorithms the semi-naive Bayesian classifier and Assistant-R seem to be the most appropriate. We analyze the combination of decisions of several classifiers for solving prediction problems and show that the combined classifier improves both performance and the explanation ability.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Machine learning techniques in early screening for gastric and oesophageal cancer.	Wei Zhong Liu,Allan P. White,M. T. Hallissey,J. W. Fielding	1996	Machine learning techniques in early screening for gastric and oesophageal cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal reasoning for diagnosis in a causal probabilistic knowledge base.	William J. Long	1996	Temporal reasoning for diagnosis in a causal probabilistic knowledge base.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Utilizing temporal data abstraction for data validation and therapy planning for artificially ventilated newborn infants.	Silvia Miksch,Werner Horn,Christian Popow,Franz Paky	1996	Utilizing temporal data abstraction for data validation and therapy planning for artificially ventilated newborn infants.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Synthesis of an anaesthetic agent administration system using fuzzy inductive reasoning.	Àngela Nebot,François E. Cellier,Derek A. Linkens	1996	Synthesis of an anaesthetic agent administration system using fuzzy inductive reasoning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A computerized induction analysis of possible co-variations among different elements in human tooth enamel.	T. Nilsson,T. Lundgren,H. Odelius,R. Sillen,J. G. Noren	1996	A computerized induction analysis of possible co-variations among different elements in human tooth enamel.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of automatic knowledge acquisition techniques in the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain - Acute Abdominal Pain Study Group.	Christian Ohmann,Vassilis Moustakis,Q. Yang,Konrad Lang	1996	Evaluation of automatic knowledge acquisition techniques in the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain - Acute Abdominal Pain Study Group.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Learning temporal probabilistic causal models from longitudinal data.	Alberto Riva,Riccardo Bellazzi	1996	Learning temporal probabilistic causal models from longitudinal data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An intelligent system for the diagnosis of complex images.	Ovidio Salvetti,Giovanni Braccini,R. Evangelista,M. Freschi	1996	An intelligent system for the diagnosis of complex images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Extracting rules from pruned networks for breast cancer diagnosis.	Rudy Setiono	1996	Extracting rules from pruned networks for breast cancer diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based temporal abstraction in clinical domains.	Yuval Shahar,Mark A. Musen	1996	Knowledge-based temporal abstraction in clinical domains.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Introducing spatio-temporal reasoning into the inverse problem in electroencephalography.	Pridi Siregar,Jean-Paul Sinteff	1996	Introducing spatio-temporal reasoning into the inverse problem in electroencephalography.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The interpretation of time-varying data with DIAMON-1.	Friedrich Steimann	1996	The interpretation of time-varying data with DIAMON-1.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Structure discovery in medical databases: a conceptual clustering approach.	F. A. da Veiga	1996	Clustering is an important data analysis tool for discovering structure in data sets. Although research on conceptual clustering has produced algorithms showing significant advantages over earlier numerical ones, existing methods still present some limitations regarding applicability to biomedical domains. In this paper we describe ADAGIO, a conceptual clustering algorithm combining a low-cost preordering process with a breadth-first incremental control strategy that incorporates merging and splitting operators. Experimental evaluation indicated that the algorithm achieves a good balance between structure discovery performance and computational efficiency, and demonstrated the comparative effectiveness of its missing information handling process. ADAGIO is able to handle qualitative, quantitative and mixed-type data. An application example to a cancer domain is given, where the algorithm was able to suggest interesting epidemiological interpretations.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A process-oriented reasoner about physiology.	I. Arana,Jim Hunter	1997	A process-oriented reasoner about physiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	INKBLOT: A neurological diagnostic decision support system integrating causal and anatomical knowledge.	Gil Citro,Gordon Banks,Gregory F. Cooper	1997	INKBLOT: A neurological diagnostic decision support system integrating causal and anatomical knowledge.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Design and validation of an intelligent patient monitoring and alarm system based on a fuzzy logic process model.	Kurt Becker,Bernhard Thull,Horst Käsmacher-Leidinger,Johannes Stemmer,Günther Rau,Günther Kalff,Hans-Jürgen Zimmermann	1997	Design and validation of an intelligent patient monitoring and alarm system based on a fuzzy logic process model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	CADIAG-2 and MYCIN-like systems.	Milan Daniel,Petr Hájek,Phuong Hoang Nguyen	1997	CADIAG-2 and MYCIN-like systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evaluation of machine-learning methods for predicting pneumonia mortality.	Gregory F. Cooper,Constantin F. Aliferis,R. Ambrosino,John M. Aronis,Bruce G. Buchanan,Rich Caruana,Michael J. Fine,Clark Glymour,G. Gordon,B. H. Hanusa,Janine E. Janosky,Christopher Meek,Tom M. Mitchell,Thomas Richardson,Peter Spirtes	1997	An evaluation of machine-learning methods for predicting pneumonia mortality.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	DIAVAL, a Bayesian expert system for echocardiography.	Francisco Javier Díez,José Mira,E. Iturralde,S. Zubillaga	1997	DIAVAL, a Bayesian expert system for echocardiography.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	NéoGanesh: a working system for the automated control of assisted ventilation in ICUs.	Michel Dojat,François Pachet,Zahia Guessoum,D. Touchard,A. Harf,L. Brochard	1997	NéoGanesh: a working system for the automated control of assisted ventilation in ICUs.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Decision support in the operating theatre and intensive care: A personal view.	Jim Hunter	1997	Decision support in the operating theatre and intensive care: A personal view.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Lightweight fuzzy processes in clinical computing.	John F. Hurdle	1997	Lightweight fuzzy processes in clinical computing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Application of the fuzzy ART/MAP and MinMax/MAP neural network models to radiographic image classification.	Peter R. Innocent,M. R. Barnes,Robert Ivor John	1997	Application of the fuzzy ART/MAP and MinMax/MAP neural network models to radiographic image classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Feature subset selection for classification of histological images.	Jacek Jelonek,Jerzy Stefanowski	1997	Feature subset selection for classification of histological images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Abstract temporal diagnosis in medical domains.	Johann Gamper,Wolfgang Nejdl	1997	Abstract temporal diagnosis in medical domains.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The development and implementation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood.	Jonathan M. Garibaldi,Jennifer A. Westgate,Emmanuel C. Ifeachor,Keith R. Greene	1997	The development and implementation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy logic for model adaptation of a pharmacokinetic-based closed loop delivery system for pancuronium.	Steven E. Kern,Joel O. Johnson,Dwayne R. Westenskow	1997	Fuzzy logic for model adaptation of a pharmacokinetic-based closed loop delivery system for pancuronium.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On-line quality [corrected] assurance in the initial definitive management of multiple trauma: evaluating system potential.	Abigail S. Gertner,Bonnie L. Webber,John R. Clarke,C. Z. Hayward,T. A. Santora,D. K. Wagner	1997	On-line quality [corrected] assurance in the initial definitive management of multiple trauma: evaluating system potential.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A decision-driven design of a decision support system in anesthesia.	P. M. A. de Graaf,G. C. van den Eijkel,H. J. L. M. Vullings,B. A. J. M. de Mol	1997	A decision-driven design of a decision support system in anesthesia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy logic in computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis: analysis of lobulation.	Boris Kovalerchuk,Evangelos Triantaphyllou,James F. Ruiz,Jane Clayton	1997	Fuzzy logic in computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis: analysis of lobulation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial neural network analysis of noisy visual field data in glaucoma.	D. B. Henson,Susan E. Spenceley,D. R. Bull	1997	Artificial neural network analysis of noisy visual field data in glaucoma.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Feasibility analysis of a case-based reasoning system for automated detection of coronary heart disease from myocardial scintigrams.	M. Haddad,Klaus-Peter Adlassnig,Gerold Porenta	1997	Feasibility analysis of a case-based reasoning system for automated detection of coronary heart disease from myocardial scintigrams.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	BANTER: a Bayesian network tutoring shell.	Peter Haddawy,Joel Jacobson,Charles E. Kahn Jr.	1997	BANTER: a Bayesian network tutoring shell.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of a medical diagnosis system using simulator test scenarios.	Jan Eric Larsson,Barbara Hayes-Roth,David Gaba,B. E. Smith	1997	Evaluation of a medical diagnosis system using simulator test scenarios.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Formalisation for decision support in anaesthesiology.	Gerard R. Renardel de Lavalette,Rix Groenboom,Ernest Rotterdam,Frank van Harmelen,Annette ten Teije,Fred de Geus	1997	Formalisation for decision support in anaesthesiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Application of autonomous neural network systems to medical pattern classification tasks.	Chee Peng Lim,Robert F. Harrison,R. Lee Kennedy	1997	Application of autonomous neural network systems to medical pattern classification tasks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Recognition of patient anaesthetic levels: neural network systems, principal components analysis, and canonical discriminant variates.	Derek A. Linkens,L. Vefghi	1997	Recognition of patient anaesthetic levels: neural network systems, principal components analysis, and canonical discriminant variates.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Reasoning requirements for diagnosis of heart disease.	William J. Long,Hamish S. F. Fraser,S. Naimi	1997	Reasoning requirements for diagnosis of heart disease.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model-based diagnosis in medicine.	Peter J. F. Lucas	1997	Model-based diagnosis in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based reasoning: opportunities and applications in health care.	Robert T. Macura,Katarzyna J. Macura	1997	Case-based reasoning: opportunities and applications in health care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based learning of plans and goal states in medical diagnosis.	Beatriz López,Enric Plaza	1997	Case-based learning of plans and goal states in medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Avoiding premature closure in sequential diagnosis.	David McSherry	1997	Avoiding premature closure in sequential diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Applications of abduction: hypothesis testing of neuroendocrinological qualitative compartmental models.	Tim Menzies,Paul Compton	1997	Applications of abduction: hypothesis testing of neuroendocrinological qualitative compartmental models.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Support (CARES) System.	Lean Suan Ong,Barry Shepherd,Loong Cheong Tong,Francis Seow-Choen,Yik Hong Ho,Choong Leong Tang,Yin Seong Ho,Kelvin Tan	1997	The Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Support (CARES) System.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An expert system for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with ECG analysis.	Álvaro Rabelo,Ana Regina Rocha,Káthia Marçal de Oliveira,Agnaldo D. de Souza,Antonio A. Ximenes,Carlos Andrade,Daniela Onnis,Ivan Olivaes,Nelson Lobo,Nívea Ferreira,Vera Werneck	1997	An expert system for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with ECG analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Combining a neural network with case-based reasoning in a diagnostic system.	Eliseo Berni Reategui,John A. Campbell,Beatriz F. Leão	1997	Combining a neural network with case-based reasoning in a diagnostic system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The GRAIL concept modelling language for medical terminology.	Alan L. Rector,Sean Bechhofer,Carole A. Goble,Ian Horrocks,W. A. Nowlan,W. D. Solomon	1997	The GRAIL concept modelling language for medical terminology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Diagnosing congenital heart defects using the Fallot computational model.	Nancy E. Reed,Maria L. Gini,Paul E. Johnson,James H. Moller	1997	Diagnosing congenital heart defects using the Fallot computational model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Spatio-temporal reasoning for multi-scale modeling in cardiology.	Pridi Siregar,Jean-Paul Sinteff,Nathalie Julen,P. Lebeux	1997	Spatio-temporal reasoning for multi-scale modeling in cardiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy set theory in medicine.	Friedrich Steimann	1997	Fuzzy set theory in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A model for integrating image processing into decision aids for diagnostic radiology.	Paul Taylor,John Fox,Andrew Todd-Pokropek	1997	A model for integrating image processing into decision aids for diagnostic radiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Latency estimation of auditory brainstem response by neural networks.	Jilei Tian,Martti Juhola,Tapio Grönfors	1997	Latency estimation of auditory brainstem response by neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A temporal extension to the parsimonious covering theory.	Jacques Wainer,Alexandre de Melo Rezende	1997	A temporal extension to the parsimonious covering theory.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Retrieving cases for treatment advice in nursing using text representation and structured text retrieval.	John Yearwood,R. Wilkinson	1997	Retrieving cases for treatment advice in nursing using text representation and structured text retrieval.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Applying object-oriented technologies in modeling and querying temporally oriented clinical databases dealing with temporal granularity and indeterminacy.	Carlo Combi,Giancarlo Cucchi,Francesco Pinciroli	1997	Applying object-oriented technologies in modeling and querying temporally oriented clinical databases dealing with temporal granularity and indeterminacy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An open medical imaging workstation architecture for platform-independent 3-D medical image processing and visualization.	D. Cosic	1997	An open medical imaging workstation architecture for platform-independent 3-D medical image processing and visualization.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial Telecommunications And The Reform Process In Public Health.	L. G. Kun	1997	Editorial Telecommunications And The Reform Process In Public Health.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	WebOnCOLL: medical collaboration in regional healthcare networks.	Catherine E. Chronaki,Dimitrios G. Katehakis,Xenophon Zabulis,Manolis Tsiknakis,Stelios C. Orphanoudakis	1997	WebOnCOLL: medical collaboration in regional healthcare networks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A communication server for telemedicine applications.	Jing Bai,Bingyi Hu,Yonghong Zhang,Datian Ye	1997	A communication server for telemedicine applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Segmentation algorithms for detecting microcalcifications in mammograms.	I. N. Bankman,T. Nizialek,I. Simon,O. B. Gatewood,I. N. Weinberg,W. R. Brody	1997	Segmentation algorithms for detecting microcalcifications in mammograms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A technique for extracting physiological parameters and the required input function simultaneously from PET image measurements: theory and simulation study.	David Dagan Feng,Koon-Pong Wong,Chi-Ming Wu,Wan-Chi Siu	1997	A technique for extracting physiological parameters and the required input function simultaneously from PET image measurements: theory and simulation study.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A fundamental metric for continuity of care: modeling and performance evaluation.	Ricardo Citro,Sumit Ghosh,Peter G. Churgin	1997	A fundamental metric for continuity of care: modeling and performance evaluation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Compression guidelines for diagnostic telepathology.	David J. Foran,Peter Meer,Thomas V. Papathomas,Ivan Marsic	1997	Compression guidelines for diagnostic telepathology.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"Computer Assisted Radiology '97 Conference (Part 1 Of 2)."		1997	"Computer Assisted Radiology '97 Conference (Part 1 Of 2)."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A nurse rostering system using constraint programming and redundant modeling.	B. M. W. Cheng,Jimmy Ho-Man Lee,J. C. K. Wu	1997	A nurse rostering system using constraint programming and redundant modeling.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An architecture for Naval telemedicine.	William J. Chimiak,Robert O. Rainer,J. M. Chimiak,Ralph Martinez	1997	An architecture for Naval telemedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Biomedical information technology: medicine and health care in the digital future.	Swamy Laxminarayan,Jean-Louis Coatrieux,Christian Roux,Stanley M. Finkelstein,Alan V. Sahakian,Susan M. Blanchard	1997	Biomedical information technology: medicine and health care in the digital future.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual reality in medicine-computer graphics and interaction techniques.	Michael Haubner,Christian Krapichler,Andreas Lösch,Karl-Hans Englmeier,W. Van Eimeren	1997	Virtual reality in medicine-computer graphics and interaction techniques.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Full-field direct digital telemammography: technical components, study protocols, and preliminary results.	Shieh-Liang Lou,Edward A. Sickles,H. K. Huang,David R. Hoogstrate,Fei Cao,Jun Wang,Mohammad Jahangiri	1997	Full-field direct digital telemammography: technical components, study protocols, and preliminary results.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Dynamic image data compression in spatial and temporal domains: theory and algorithm.	Dino Ho,David Dagan Feng,Kewei Chen	1997	Dynamic image data compression in spatial and temporal domains: theory and algorithm.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Microcontroller-based underwater acoustic ECG telemetry system.	Robert S. H. Istepanian,Bryan Woodward	1997	Microcontroller-based underwater acoustic ECG telemetry system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A direct multi-volume rendering method aiming at comparisons of 3-D images and models.	Jean-José Jacq,Christian Roux	1997	A direct multi-volume rendering method aiming at comparisons of 3-D images and models.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Information analysis and validation of intelligent monitoring systems in intensive care units.	Vicente Moret-Bonillo,Eduardo Mosqueira-Rey,Amparo Alonso-Betanzos	1997	Information analysis and validation of intelligent monitoring systems in intensive care units.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial Car Special Issue Of The IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine.	Heinz U. Lemke,Michael W. Vannier	1997	Editorial Car Special Issue Of The IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Programmable ultrasound imaging using multimedia technologies: a next-generation ultrasound machine.	Yongmin Kim,J. H. Kim,Chris Basoglu,T. C. Winter	1997	Programmable ultrasound imaging using multimedia technologies: a next-generation ultrasound machine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	What Can You Publish In T-ITB?	Swamy Laxminarayan	1997	What Can You Publish In T-ITB?
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial Healthcare Information Technology: What Is On The Horizon?	Swamy Laxminarayan	1997	Editorial Healthcare Information Technology: What Is On The Horizon?
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Improvement of sensitivity of breast cancer diagnosis with adaptive neighborhood contrast enhancement of mammograms.	Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,Liang Shen,Yiping Shen,J. E. Leo Desautels,Heather Bryant,Timothy J. Terry,Natalka Horeczko,M. S. Rose	1997	Improvement of sensitivity of breast cancer diagnosis with adaptive neighborhood contrast enhancement of mammograms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Voxel-based 2-D/3-D registration of fluoroscopy images and CT scans for image-guided surgery.	Jürgen Weese,Graeme P. Penney,Paul Desmedt,Thorsten M. Buzug,Derek L. G. Hill,David J. Hawkes	1997	Voxel-based 2-D/3-D registration of fluoroscopy images and CT scans for image-guided surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	CT-based software for 3-D localization and reconstruction in stepping source brachytherapy.	A. Tsalpatouros,Dimos Baltas,C. Kolotas,R. van der Laarse,D. Koutsouris,Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu,Nikolaos Zamboglou	1997	CT-based software for 3-D localization and reconstruction in stepping source brachytherapy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Real-time multimodal medical image processing: a dynamic volume-rendering application.	Maria Filomena Santarelli,Vincenzo Positano,Luigi Landini	1997	Real-time multimodal medical image processing: a dynamic volume-rendering application.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-aided detection of breast cancer nuclei.	Frank Schnorrenberg,Constantinos S. Pattichis,Kyriacos C. Kyriacou,Christos Schizas	1997	Computer-aided detection of breast cancer nuclei.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Design, analysis, and implementation of a telemedicine remote consultation and diagnosis session playback using discrete event system specification.	P. J. Shah,Ralph Martinez,Bernard P. Zeigler	1997	Design, analysis, and implementation of a telemedicine remote consultation and diagnosis session playback using discrete event system specification.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Rapid and Automatic Image Registration Algorithms with Subpixel Accuracy.	R. J. Althof,M. G. J. Wind,J. T. Dobbins III	1997	A Rapid and Automatic Image Registration Algorithms with Subpixel Accuracy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Graphical Shape Templates for Automatic Anatomy Detection with Applications to MRI Brain Scans.	Yali Amit	1997	Graphical Shape Templates for Automatic Anatomy Detection with Applications to MRI Brain Scans.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Weighted Least-Squares Reconstruction Methods for Positron Emission Tomography.	John M. M. Anderson,Bernard Anthony Mair,Murali Rao,C.-H. Wu	1997	Weighted Least-Squares Reconstruction Methods for Positron Emission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Application of Active Contours for Photochromic Tracer Flow Extraction.	Dimitrios Androutsos,Panos E. Trahanias,Anastasios N. Venetsanopoulos	1997	Application of Active Contours for Photochromic Tracer Flow Extraction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Methods for Segmenting Chest CT Image Data Using an Anatomical Model: Preliminary Results.	Matthew S. Brown,Michael F. McNitt-Gray,Nicholas J. Mankovich,Jonathan G. Goldin,J. Hiller,Laurence S. Wilson,Denise R. Aberle	1997	Methods for Segmenting Chest CT Image Data Using an Anatomical Model: Preliminary Results.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Detection of the Mid-Sagittal Plane in 3-D Brain Images.	Babak A. Ardekani,Jeff Kershaw,M. Braun,Iwao Kanno	1997	Automatic Detection of the Mid-Sagittal Plane in 3-D Brain Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Novel Volumetric Feature Extraction Technique, with Applications to MR Images.	Edward A. Ashton,Kevin J. Parker,Michel J. Berg,Chang Wen Chen	1997	The in vivo morphological and volumetric analysis of biological structures is a topic which is of increasing interest in the medical community. Such an analysis requires the extraction of the feature of interest from volumetric magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) scans. The difficulty of this extraction varies with the modality used and the morphology of the structure of interest, but in many cases current practice requires the manual outlining of the structure on each slice of the scanned volume-a time consuming and tedious task. We seek to provide an automated algorithm which accomplishes this task with minimal a priori knowledge and operator input and with an accuracy which is comparable to that of the current manual and semi-automated techniques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Correction of Motion Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Images Using an Entropy Focus Criterion.	David Atkinson,Derek L. G. Hill,Peter N. R. Stoyle,Paul E. Summers,Steven F. Keevil	1997	Automatic Correction of Motion Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Images Using an Entropy Focus Criterion.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Characterization of Dynamic 3-D PET Imaging for Functional Brain Mapping.	"D. Barnes,G. Egan,G. O'Keefe,D. Abbott"	1997	Characterization of Dynamic 3-D PET Imaging for Functional Brain Mapping.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Registration and Alignment on a Template of Cardiac Stress and Rest Reoriented SPECT Images.	Jérôme Declerck,Jacques Feldmar,M. L. Gortis,Fabienne Betting	1997	Automatic Registration and Alignment on a Template of Cardiac Stress and Rest Reoriented SPECT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface Interpolation with Radial Basis Functions for Medical Imaging.	Jonathan C. Carr,W. Richard Fright,Richard K. Beatson	1997	Surface Interpolation with Radial Basis Functions for Medical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact and Approximate Rebinning Algorithms for 3-D PET Data.	Michel Defrise,Paul E. Kinahan,David W. Townsend,Christian Michel,Merence Sibomana,D. F. Newport	1997	Exact and Approximate Rebinning Algorithms for 3-D PET Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Methodology for Evaluation of Boundary Detection Algorithms on Medical Images.	Vikram Chalana,Yongmin Kim	1997	A Methodology for Evaluation of Boundary Detection Algorithms on Medical Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Simple Method for Automaticalloy Locating the Nipple on Mammograms.	Ramachandran Chandrasekhar,Yianni Attikiouzel	1997	A Simple Method for Automaticalloy Locating the Nipple on Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optical Imaging of Anatomical Maps Derived from Magnetic Resonance Images Using Time-Independent Optical Sources.	Jenghwa Chang,Harry L. Graber,Ping Chen Koo,Raphael Aronson,San-Lian S. Barbour,Randall L. Barbour	1997	Optical Imaging of Anatomical Maps Derived from Magnetic Resonance Images Using Time-Independent Optical Sources.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mapping Visual Field with Positron Emission Tomography by Mathematical Modeling of the Retinotopic Organization in the Calcarine Cortex.	S. Endo,H. Toyama,Y. Kimura,K. Ishii,M. Senda,M. Kiyosawa,A. Uchryama	1997	Mapping Visual Field with Positron Emission Tomography by Mathematical Modeling of the Retinotopic Organization in the Calcarine Cortex.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A General Class of Preconditioners for Statistical Iterative Reconstruction of Emission Computed Tomography.	Garry Chinn,Sung-Cheng Huang	1997	A General Class of Preconditioners for Statistical Iterative Reconstruction of Emission Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volumetric Object Reconstruction Using the 3-D MRF Model-Based Segmentation.	Soo-Mi Choi,Jae Eun Lee,Jongwon Kim,Myoung-Hee Kim	1997	Volumetric Object Reconstruction Using the 3-D MRF Model-Based Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volumetric Transformation of Brain Anatomy.	Gary E. Christensen,Sarang C. Joshi,Michael I. Miller	1997	Volumetric Transformation of Brain Anatomy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracking Geometrical Descriptors on 3D Deformable Surfaces. Applicaton to the Left-Ventricular Surface of the Heart.	Patrick Clarysse,Denis Friboulet,Isabelle E. Magnin	1997	Tracking Geometrical Descriptors on 3D Deformable Surfaces. Applicaton to the Left-Ventricular Surface of the Heart.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularized Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography Using a Variance Uniformization Constraint.	C. Cohen-Bacrie,Yves Goussard,R. Guardo	1997	Regularized Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography Using a Variance Uniformization Constraint.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Grouped-Coordinate Ascent Algorithms for Penalized-Likelihood Transmission Image Reconstruction.	Jeffrey A. Fessler,Edward P. Ficaro,Neal H. Clinthorne,Kenneth Lange	1997	Grouped-Coordinate Ascent Algorithms for Penalized-Likelihood Transmission Image Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Sampling Concerns in Scanline Algorithms.	Martin Fleury,Adrian F. Clark	1997	Sampling Concerns in Scanline Algorithms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Boundary Shift Integral: An Accurate and Robust Measure of Cerebral Volume Changes from Registered Repeat MRI.	Peter A. Freeborough,Nick C. Fox	1997	The Boundary Shift Integral: An Accurate and Robust Measure of Cerebral Volume Changes from Registered Repeat MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anatomically Constrained Electrical Impedance for Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Bodies.	M. E. Glidewell,K. T. Ng	1997	Anatomically Constrained Electrical Impedance for Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Bodies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Head Motion Measurement System Suitable for Emission Computed Tomography.	S. R. Goldstein,Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon,Michael V. Green,Alec Eidsath	1997	A Head Motion Measurement System Suitable for Emission Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A System for Digital Reconstruction of Gypsum Dental Casts.	A. Ardeshir Goshtasby,S. Nambula,W. G. deRijk,S. D. Campbell	1997	A System for Digital Reconstruction of Gypsum Dental Casts.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Focus-of-Attention Preprocessing Scheme for EM-ML PET Reconstruction.	Jens Gregor,Dean A. Huff	1997	A Focus-of-Attention Preprocessing Scheme for EM-ML PET Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating the Bias Field of MR Images.	Régis Guillemaud,Michael Brady	1997	Estimating the Bias Field of MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of Vascular Networks Using Three-Dimensional Models.	Peter Hall,Milton Ngan,Peter Andreae	1997	Reconstruction of Vascular Networks Using Three-Dimensional Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wound Status Evaluation Using Color Image Processing.	Gary L. Hansen,Ephraim M. Sparrow,Jaydeep Y. Kokate,Keith J. Leland,Paul A. Iaizzo	1997	Wound Status Evaluation Using Color Image Processing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multiresolution Statistical Analysis of High-Resolution Digital Mammograms.	John J. Heine,S. R. Deans,D. Kent Cullers,R. Stauduhar,Laurence P. Clarke	1997	Multiresolution Statistical Analysis of High-Resolution Digital Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Markov Random Field Segmentation of Brain MR Images.	Karsten Held,Elena Rota Kops,Bernd J. Krause,William M. Wells III,Ron Kikinis,Hans-W. Müller-Gärtner	1997	Markov Random Field Segmentation of Brain MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fully Bayesian Estimation of Gibbs Hyperparameters for Emission Computed Tomography Data.	D. M. Higdon,James E. Bowsher,Valen E. Johnson,T. G. Turkington,David R. Gilland,Ronald J. Jaszczak	1997	Fully Bayesian Estimation of Gibbs Hyperparameters for Emission Computed Tomography Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional PET Emission Scan Registration and Transmission Scan Synthesis.	Chung-Lin Huang,Wen-Tsang Chang,Liang-Chih Wu,Jiunn-Kuen Wang	1997	Three-Dimensional PET Emission Scan Registration and Transmission Scan Synthesis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Consolidation of Common Parameters from Multiple Fits in Dynamic PET Data Analysis.	Ronald H. Huesman,Pamela G. Coxson	1997	Consolidation of Common Parameters from Multiple Fits in Dynamic PET Data Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Development of a Vertebral Endplate 3-D Reconstruction Technique.	T. N. Huynh,Jean Dansereau,G. Maurais	1997	Development of a Vertebral Endplate 3-D Reconstruction Technique.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measurement of AC Magnetic Field Distribution Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.	Y. Z. Ider,Lutfi Tugan Muftuler	1997	Measurement of AC Magnetic Field Distribution Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Pseudo-Fourier Imaging (PFI): A Technique for Spatial Encoding in MRI.	Yasser M. Kadah,Xiaoping Hu	1997	Pseudo-Fourier Imaging (PFI): A Technique for Spatial Encoding in MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Reconstruction for Dynamic PET Based on Low-Order Approximation and Restoration of the Sinogram.	Chien-Min Kao,J. T. Yap,J. Mukherjee,Miles N. Wernick	1997	Image Reconstruction for Dynamic PET Based on Low-Order Approximation and Restoration of the Sinogram.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet Representations for Monitoring Changes in Teeth Imaged with Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Transillumination.	S. Keem,M. Elbaum	1997	Wavelet Representations for Monitoring Changes in Teeth Imaged with Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Transillumination.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Mammographic Image Enhancement Using First Derivative and Local Statistics.	Jong-Kook Kim,Jeong Mi Park,Koun-Sik Song,Hyun Wook Park	1997	Adaptive Mammographic Image Enhancement Using First Derivative and Local Statistics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative Coronary Angiography with Deformable Spline Models.	Andreas K. Klein,F. Lee,Amir A. Amini	1997	Quantitative Coronary Angiography with Deformable Spline Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Methodology for Specifying PET Volumes-of-Interest Using Multi- Modality Techniques.	G. J. Klein,X. Teng,W. J. Jagust,J. L. Eberling,A. Acharya,Bryan W. Reutter,Ronald H. Huesman	1997	A Methodology for Specifying PET Volumes-of-Interest Using Multi- Modality Techniques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Development of an Intravascular Impedance Catheter for Detection of Fatty Lesions in Arteries.	M. K. Konings,W. P. Th. M. Mali,Max A. Viergever	1997	Development of an Intravascular Impedance Catheter for Detection of Fatty Lesions in Arteries.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reliability of an Image Analysis System for Quantifying the Radiographic Trabecular Pattern.	C. M. Korstjens,R. J. Spruijt,Wil G. M. Geraets,L. Mosekilde,Paul F. van der Stelt	1997	Reliability of an Image Analysis System for Quantifying the Radiographic Trabecular Pattern.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fractal Modeling and Segmentation for the Enhancement of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms.	Huai Li,K. J. Ray Liu,Shih-Chung Ben Lo	1997	Fractal Modeling and Segmentation for the Enhancement of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Expectation Maximization Reconstruction of Positron Emissino Tomography Images Using Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Information.	B. Lipsinski,H. Herzog,Elena Rota Kops,Walter Oberschelp,Hans-W. Müller-Gärtner	1997	Expectation Maximization Reconstruction of Positron Emissino Tomography Images Using Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multimodality Image Registration by Maximization of Mutual Information.	Frederik Maes,André Collignon,Dirk Vandermeulen,Guy Marchal,Paul Suetens	1997	Multimodality Image Registration by Maximization of Mutual Information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of Head Volume Images Using Implantable Fiducial Markers.	Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Matthew Y. Wang,Robert L. Galloway Jr.,Robert J. Maciunas,G. S. Allen	1997	Registration of Head Volume Images Using Implantable Fiducial Markers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Shape-Based Tracking of Left Ventricular Wall Motion.	John C. McEachen II,James S. Duncan	1997	Shape-Based Tracking of Left Ventricular Wall Motion.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Weighted-Distance Scheme: A Globally Optimizing Projection Ordering Method for ART.	Klaus Mueller,Roni Yagel,J. Fredrick Cornhill	1997	The Weighted-Distance Scheme: A Globally Optimizing Projection Ordering Method for ART.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Skin Erythema Using True-Color Images.	M. Nischik,C. Forster	1997	Analysis of Skin Erythema Using True-Color Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-Shot Rosette Trajectories for Spectrally Selective MR Imaging.	D. C. Noll	1997	Multi-Shot Rosette Trajectories for Spectrally Selective MR Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Signal Analysis and Compression Performance Evaluation of Pathological Microscopic Images.	A. Okumura,Junji Suzuki,Isao Furukawa,Sadayasu Ono,Tsukasa Ashihara	1997	Signal Analysis and Compression Performance Evaluation of Pathological Microscopic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Effects of Time Delay in Cardiac Blood Flow Measurements by Bolus H215O.	Sinisa Pajevic,Stephen L. Bacharach,Richard E. Carson,G. H. Weiss	1997	Effects of Time Delay in Cardiac Blood Flow Measurements by Bolus H215O.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Choice of Initial Conditions in the ML Reconstruction of Fan-Beam Transmission with Truncated Projection Data.	Tin-Su Pan,Benjamin M. W. Tsui,C. L. Bryne	1997	Choice of Initial Conditions in the ML Reconstruction of Fan-Beam Transmission with Truncated Projection Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating Fractal Dimensions with Fractal Interpolation Function Models.	A. I. Penn,Murray H. Loew	1997	Estimating Fractal Dimensions with Fractal Interpolation Function Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	MEG-Based Imaging of Focal Neuronal Current Sources.	J. W. Phillips,Richard M. Leahy,John C. Mosher	1997	MEG-Based Imaging of Focal Neuronal Current Sources.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Motion Correction of PET Images Using Multiple Acquisition Forms.	Y. Picard,C. J. Thompson	1997	Motion Correction of PET Images Using Multiple Acquisition Forms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-Aided Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis of Masses Using Difference of Gaussians and Derivative-Based Feature Saliency.	W. E. Polakowski,D. A. Cournoyer,Steven K. Rogers,Martin P. DeSimio,Dennis W. Ruck,Jeffrey W. Hoffmeister,Richard A. Raines	1997	Computer-Aided Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis of Masses Using Difference of Gaussians and Derivative-Based Feature Saliency.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical Approach to Segmentation of Single-Channel Cerebral MR Images.	Jagath C. Rajapakse,Jay N. Giedd,Judith L. Rapoport	1997	Statistical Approach to Segmentation of Single-Channel Cerebral MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measures of Acutance and Shape for Classification of Breast Tumors.	Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,N. M. El-Faramawy,J. E. Leo Desautels,Onsy Abdel Alim	1997	Measures of Acutance and Shape for Classification of Breast Tumors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Segmentation and Classification of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Using Artificial Neural Networks.	Wilburn E. Reddick,John O. Glass,Edwin N. Cook,T. David Elkin,Russell J. Deaton	1997	Automated Segmentation and Classification of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Using Artificial Neural Networks.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accurate Measurement of Intrathoracic Airways.	"Joseph M. Reinhardt,N. D. D'Souza,Eric A. Hoffman"	1997	Accurate Measurement of Intrathoracic Airways.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface-Based Labeling of Cortical Anatomy Using a Deformable Atlas.	Stephanie Sandor,Richard M. Leahy	1997	Surface-Based Labeling of Cortical Anatomy Using a Deformable Atlas.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multimodality Bayesian Algorithm for Image Reconstruction in Positron Emission Tomography: A Tissue Composition Model.	Srikath Sastry,Richard E. Carson	1997	Multimodality Bayesian Algorithm for Image Reconstruction in Positron Emission Tomography: A Tissue Composition Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Tracking of the Aorta in Cardiovascular MR Images Using Deformable Models.	Daniel Rueckert,Peter Burger,S. M. Forbat,Raad Mohiaddin,Guang-Zhong Yang	1997	Automatic Tracking of the Aorta in Cardiovascular MR Images Using Deformable Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Lesion Contrast Enhancement in Medical Ultrasound Imaging.	Paul F. Stetson,F. G. Sommer,Albert Macovski	1997	Lesion Contrast Enhancement in Medical Ultrasound Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Limitations of the Principal-Axes Theory.	Thorsten Schormann,Karl Zilles	1997	Limitations of the Principal-Axes Theory.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Approach to Accurate Analysis of Small-Diameter Vessels in Cineangiograms.	Milan Sonka,G. K. Reddy,M. D. Winniford,S. M. Collins	1997	Adaptive Approach to Accurate Analysis of Small-Diameter Vessels in Cineangiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Correction to ""Analysis of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Images""."	G. Sebastiani,Fred Godtliebsen,R. A. Jones,Olav Haraldseth,T. B. Müller,Peter A. Rinck	1997	"Correction to ""Analysis of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Images""."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Contrast Mapping and Evaluation for Electronic X-Ray Images on CRT Display Monitor.	Junji Suzuki,Isao Furukawa,Sadayasu Ono,Masayuki Kitamura,Yutaka Ando	1997	Contrast Mapping and Evaluation for Electronic X-Ray Images on CRT Display Monitor.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Segmentation-Based Lossless Image Coding Method for High-Resolution Medical Image Compression.	Liang Shen,Rangaraj M. Rangayyan	1997	A Segmentation-Based Lossless Image Coding Method for High-Resolution Medical Image Compression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Deformable 2-D Template Matching Using Orthogonal Curves.	Hemant Tagare	1997	Deformable 2-D Template Matching Using Orthogonal Curves.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Creating Connected Representations of Cortical Gray Matter for Functional MRI Visualization.	P. C. Teo,Guillermo Sapiro,Brian A. Wandell	1997	Creating Connected Representations of Cortical Gray Matter for Functional MRI Visualization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Linear Least Squares Compartmental-Model-Independent Parameter Identification in PET.	J. A. Thie,Gary T. Smith,K. F. Hubner	1997	Linear Least Squares Compartmental-Model-Independent Parameter Identification in PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Quantification Using Fuzzy-Connectedness Principles.	Jayaram K. Udupa,Luogang Wei,Supun Samarasekera,Yukio Miki,Mark A. van Buchem,Robert I. Grossman	1997	Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Quantification Using Fuzzy-Connectedness Principles.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	TMI Review Policy.	Michael W. Vannier	1997	TMI Review Policy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fully Automatic Identification of AC and PC Landmarks on Brain MRI Using Scene Analysis.	Libero Verard,P. Allain,J. M. Travere,J. C. Baron,D. Bloyer	1997	Fully Automatic Identification of AC and PC Landmarks on Brain MRI Using Scene Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	TMI Rapid Communications.	Max A. Viergever,Michael W. Vannier	1997	TMI Rapid Communications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Optimal Rotator for Iterative Reconstruction.	Jerold Warren Wallis,T. R. Miller	1997	An Optimal Rotator for Iterative Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Constrained Reconstruction Applied to 2-D Chemical Shift Imaging.	Keith A. Wear,Kyle J. Myers,S. S. Rajan,L. W. Grossman	1997	Constrained Reconstruction Applied to 2-D Chemical Shift Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Design of an Animal PET: Flexible Geometry for Achieving Optimal Spatial Resolution or High Sensitivity.	Stefan Weber,A. Terstegge,H. Herzog,R. Reinartz,P. Reinhart,F. Rongen,Hans-W. Müller-Gärtner,Horst Halling	1997	The Design of an Animal PET: Flexible Geometry for Achieving Optimal Spatial Resolution or High Sensitivity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Toward Accurate Attenuation Correction in SPECT Without Transmission Measurements.	A. Welch,R. Clack,F. Natterer,Grant T. Gullberg	1997	Toward Accurate Attenuation Correction in SPECT Without Transmission Measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Implementation of a Model-Based Nonuniform Scatter Correction Scheme for SPECT.	A. Welch,Grant T. Gullberg	1997	Implementation of a Model-Based Nonuniform Scatter Correction Scheme for SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Learning-Based Ventricle Detection from Cardiac MR and CT Images.	J. Weng,Ajit Singh,M. Y. Chiu	1997	Learning-Based Ventricle Detection from Cardiac MR and CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction Using Optical Flow for Medical Imaging.	N. Weng,Yee-Hong Yang,Roger Pierson	1997	Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction Using Optical Flow for Medical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generating ROC Curves for Artificial Neural Networks.	Kevin Woods,Kevin W. Bowyer	1997	Generating ROC Curves for Artificial Neural Networks.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Novel Pulse-Echo Technique for Medical Three-Dimensional Imaging.	A. Yamani	1997	A Novel Pulse-Echo Technique for Medical Three-Dimensional Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	CT Image Enhancement with Wavelet Analysis for the Detection of Small Airways Disease.	Guang-Zhong Yang,David M. Hansell	1997	CT Image Enhancement with Wavelet Analysis for the Detection of Small Airways Disease.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Geometric Snake Model for Segmentation of Medical Imagery.	Anthony J. Yezzi,Satyanad Kichenassamy,Arun Kumar,Peter J. Olver,Allen Tannenbaum	1997	A Geometric Snake Model for Segmentation of Medical Imagery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Benefits of Angular Expression to Reconstruction Algorithms for Collimators with Spatially Varying Focal Lengths.	Jiangsheng You,Shanglian Bao,Zhengrong Liang	1997	Benefits of Angular Expression to Reconstruction Algorithms for Collimators with Spatially Varying Focal Lengths.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation of Deformation Gradient and Strain from Cine-PC Velocity Data.	Yudong Zhu,Maria Drangova,Norbert J. Pelc	1997	Estimation of Deformation Gradient and Strain from Cine-PC Velocity Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Regularized Least Squares Reconstruction Approach for Optical Tomography.	Wenwu Zhu,Yao Wang,Y. Deng,Y. Yao,Randall L. Barbour	1997	A Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Regularized Least Squares Reconstruction Approach for Optical Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Hopfield Neural Network.	Yan Zhu,H. Yan	1997	Hopfield Neural Network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Background Recognition and Removal (ABRR) in Computed Radiography Images.	Jianguo Zhang,H. K. Huang	1997	Automatic Background Recognition and Removal (ABRR) in Computed Radiography Images.
JAMIA	Brief Review: Rural Telemedicine Data/Image Transfer Methods and Purposes of Interactive Video Sessions.	Andrea Hassol,Gary Gaumer,Carol Irvin,Jim Grigsby,Carole Mintzer,Dena Puskin	1997	Brief Review: Rural Telemedicine Data/Image Transfer Methods and Purposes of Interactive Video Sessions.
JAMIA	Medical Imaging Informatics: Challenges of Definition and Integration.	Casimir A. Kulikowski	1997	Medical Imaging Informatics: Challenges of Definition and Integration.
JAMIA	"Application of Technology: Implementation of In-home Telemedicine in Rural Kansas: Answering an Elderly Patient's Needs."	Christopher C. S. Lindberg	1997	"Application of Technology: Implementation of In-home Telemedicine in Rural Kansas: Answering an Elderly Patient's Needs."
JAMIA	Position Paper: Recommendations for Responsible Monitoring and Regulation of Clinical Software Systems.	Randolph A. Miller,Reed M. Gardner	1997	Position Paper: Recommendations for Responsible Monitoring and Regulation of Clinical Software Systems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Information Technology in Complex Health Services: Organizational Impediments to Successful Technology Transfer and Diffusion.	Frank Charles Gray Southon,Chris Sauer,Christopher N. G. Dampney	1997	Research Paper: Information Technology in Complex Health Services: Organizational Impediments to Successful Technology Transfer and Diffusion.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A WWW Implementation of National Recommendations for Protecting Electronic Health Information.	John D. Halamka,Peter Szolovits,David Rind,Charles Safran	1997	Application of Information Technology: A WWW Implementation of National Recommendations for Protecting Electronic Health Information.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Web Terminology Server Using UMLS for the Description of Medical Procedures.	Anita Burgun,Patrick Denier,Olivier Bodenreider,Geneviève Botti,Denis Delamarre,Bruno Pouliquen,Philippe Oberlin,Jean M. Lévéque,Bertrand Lukacs,François Kohler,Marius Fieschi,Pierre Le Beux	1997	Application of Information Technology: A Web Terminology Server Using UMLS for the Description of Medical Procedures.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Voice-enabled, Structured Medical Reporting System.	David F. Rosenthal,JoAnne M. Bos,Rachael Sokolowski,Jennifer B. Mayo,Kerry A. Quigley,Roger A. Powell,Mary-Marshall Teel	1997	Application of Information Technology: A Voice-enabled, Structured Medical Reporting System.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Telemedicine and the National Information Infrastructure: Are the Realities of Health Care Being Ignored?	Mary Gardiner Jones	1997	Viewpoint: Telemedicine and the National Information Infrastructure: Are the Realities of Health Care Being Ignored?
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Use of Commercial Record Linkage Software and Vital Statistics to Identify Patient Deaths.	Thomas B. Newman,Andrew N. Brown	1997	Implementation Brief: Use of Commercial Record Linkage Software and Vital Statistics to Identify Patient Deaths.
JAMIA	CliniWeb: Managing Clinical Information on the World-Wide Web.	Benoît Thirion,Stéfan Jacques Darmoni	1997	CliniWeb: Managing Clinical Information on the World-Wide Web.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Using Computer-based Medical Records to Predict Mortality Risk for Inner-city Patients with Reactive Airways Disease.	William M. Tierney,Michael D. Murray,Denise L. Gaskins,Xiao-Hua Zhou	1997	Research Paper: Using Computer-based Medical Records to Predict Mortality Risk for Inner-city Patients with Reactive Airways Disease.
JAMIA	People and Organizational Issues in Health Informatics.	Robert M. Braude	1997	People and Organizational Issues in Health Informatics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Q-methodology: Definition and Application in Health Care Informatics.	Annette L. Valenta,Ulrike Wigger	1997	Research Paper: Q-methodology: Definition and Application in Health Care Informatics.
JAMIA	Review: The Use of Medical Images in Planning and Delivery of Radiation Therapy.	Ira J. Kalet,Mary M. Austin-Seymour	1997	Review: The Use of Medical Images in Planning and Delivery of Radiation Therapy.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Consumer Informatics in Chronic Illness.	Linda Tetzlaff	1997	Research Paper: Consumer Informatics in Chronic Illness.
JAMIA	Medical Informatics Challenges of the 1990s: Acknowledging Secular Change.	Mark S. Tuttle	1997	Medical Informatics Challenges of the 1990s: Acknowledging Secular Change.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Computer Interviews to Elicit Utilities: Potential Applications in the Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis.	Leslie A. Lenert,Roy M. Soetikno	1997	Research Paper: Automated Computer Interviews to Elicit Utilities: Potential Applications in the Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluating IAIMS at Yale: Information Access.	Susan E. Grajek,Pascal V. Calarco,Sandra J. Frawley,James McKay,Perry L. Miller,John A. Paton,Nancy K. Roderer,Joseph E. Sullivan	1997	Research Paper: Evaluating IAIMS at Yale: Information Access.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Approaching Equity in Consumer Health Information Delivery: Net Wellness.	Theodore A. Morris,J. Roger Guard,Stephen A. Marine,Leslie Schick,Doris Haag,Gaylene Tsipis,Birsen Kaya,Steve Shoemaker	1997	Application of Technology: Approaching Equity in Consumer Health Information Delivery: Net Wellness.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Updating the Read Codes: User-interactive Maintenance of a Dynamic Clinical Vocabulary.	David Robinson,Erich B. Schulz,Philip J. B. Brown,Colin Price	1997	Application of Information Technology: Updating the Read Codes: User-interactive Maintenance of a Dynamic Clinical Vocabulary.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Phase II Evaluation of Clinical Coding Schemes: Completeness, Taxonomy, Mapping, Definitions, and Clarity.	James R. Campbell,Paul Carpenter,Charles Sneiderman,Simon P. Cohn,Christopher G. Chute,Judith Warren	1997	Research Paper: Phase II Evaluation of Clinical Coding Schemes: Completeness, Taxonomy, Mapping, Definitions, and Clarity.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Quality-of-Life Research on the Internet: Feasibility and Potential Biases in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.	Roy M. Soetikno,Ramzi Mrad,Victoria Pao,Leslie A. Lenert	1997	Research Paper: Quality-of-Life Research on the Internet: Feasibility and Potential Biases in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Tuberculosis Detection.	George Hripcsak,Charles Knirsch,Nilesh L. Jain,Ariel Pablos-Mendez	1997	Research Paper: Automated Tuberculosis Detection.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Design of RCSS: Resource Coordination Systems For Surgical Services Using Distributed Communications.	David P. Strum,Luis G. Vargas,Jerrold H. May	1997	Application of Technology: Design of RCSS: Resource Coordination Systems For Surgical Services Using Distributed Communications.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Preparing Librarians to Meet the Challenges of Today's Health Care Environment."	Nunzia Bettinsoli Giuse,Jeffrey T. Huber,Suzanne R. Kafantaris,Dario A. Giuse,M. Dawn Miller,Dwight E. Giles Jr.,Randolph A. Miller,William W. Stead	1997	"Research Paper: Preparing Librarians to Meet the Challenges of Today's Health Care Environment."
JAMIA	Computer-based Diagnostic Support Systems.	William Henry Hay	1997	Computer-based Diagnostic Support Systems.
JAMIA	Telehealth: The Need for Evaluation.	Daniel R. Masys	1997	Telehealth: The Need for Evaluation.
JAMIA	Brief Review: Natural Language Generation in Health Care.	Alison Cawsey,Bonnie L. Webber,Ray B. Jones	1997	Brief Review: Natural Language Generation in Health Care.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Rapid Approximation of Confidence Intervals for Markov Process Decision Models: Applications in Decision Support Systems.	Daniel J. Cher,Leslie A. Lenert	1997	Research Paper: Rapid Approximation of Confidence Intervals for Markov Process Decision Models: Applications in Decision Support Systems.
JAMIA	The Responsibilities of Authorship.	William W. Stead	1997	The Responsibilities of Authorship.
JAMIA	Review: Accuracy of Data in Computer-based Patient Records.	William R. Hogan,Michael M. Wagner	1997	Review: Accuracy of Data in Computer-based Patient Records.
JAMIA	"Review: Nursing Classification Systems: Necessary but not Sufficient for Representing ""What Nurses Do"" for Inclusion in Computer-based Patient Record Systems."	Suzanne Bakken Henry,Charles N. Mead	1997	"Review: Nursing Classification Systems: Necessary but not Sufficient for Representing ""What Nurses Do"" for Inclusion in Computer-based Patient Record Systems."
JAMIA	Review: Serious Technology Assessment for Health Care InformationTechnology.	Reid Cushman	1997	Review: Serious Technology Assessment for Health Care InformationTechnology.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Electronic Clinical Trial Protocol Distribution via the World-Wide Web: A Prototype for Reducing Costs and Errors, Improving Accrual, and Saving Trees.	Lawrence B. Afrin,Valarmathi Kuppuswamy,Barbara Slater,Robert K. Stuart	1997	Application of Technology: Electronic Clinical Trial Protocol Distribution via the World-Wide Web: A Prototype for Reducing Costs and Errors, Improving Accrual, and Saving Trees.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Evidence-based Critiquing of Orders for Abdominal Radiographs: Impact on Utilization and Appropriateness.	Linda H. Harpole,Ramin Khorasani,Julie M. Fiskio,Gilad J. Kuperman,David W. Bates	1997	Research Paper: Automated Evidence-based Critiquing of Orders for Abdominal Radiographs: Impact on Utilization and Appropriateness.
JAMIA	Review: Antecedents of the People and Organizational Aspects of Medical Informatics: Review of the Literature.	Nancy M. Lorenzi,Robert T. Riley,Andrew J. C. Blyth,Gray Southon,Bradley J. Dixon	1997	Review: Antecedents of the People and Organizational Aspects of Medical Informatics: Review of the Literature.
JAMIA	Call for a Standard Clinical Vocabulary.	W. Edward Hammond	1997	Call for a Standard Clinical Vocabulary.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Symbolic Anatomic Knowledge Representation in the Read Codes Version 3: Structure and Application.	Erich B. Schulz,Colin Price,Philip J. B. Brown	1997	Application of Technology: Symbolic Anatomic Knowledge Representation in the Read Codes Version 3: Structure and Application.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Barriers to Electronic Medical Record Systems and How to Overcome Them.	Clement J. McDonald	1997	Viewpoint: The Barriers to Electronic Medical Record Systems and How to Overcome Them.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: Medical Image Databases: A Content-based Retrieval Approach.	Hemant D. Tagare,C. Carl Jaffe,James S. Duncan	1997	Synthesis of Research: Medical Image Databases: A Content-based Retrieval Approach.
JAMIA	Board of Directors of the American Medical Informatics Association - Position Paper: A Proposal to Improve Quality, Increase Efficiency, and Expand Access in the U.S. Health Care System.		1997	Board of Directors of the American Medical Informatics Association - Position Paper: A Proposal to Improve Quality, Increase Efficiency, and Expand Access in the U.S. Health Care System.
JAMIA	Review: Understanding and Using DICOM, the Data Interchange Standard for Biomedical Imaging.	W. Dean Bidgood Jr.,Steven C. Horii,Fred W. Prior,Donald E. Van Syckle	1997	Review: Understanding and Using DICOM, the Data Interchange Standard for Biomedical Imaging.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: The Implementation of Telemedicine within a Community Cancer Network.	Jack W. London,Daniel E. Morton,Donna Marinucci,Robert Catalano,Robert L. Comis	1997	Application of Technology: The Implementation of Telemedicine within a Community Cancer Network.
JAMIA	Information Technology in the Community: The Right Tools for the Job.	Patricia Flatley Brennan	1997	Information Technology in the Community: The Right Tools for the Job.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: The Virtual Visit: Using Telecommunications Technology to Take Care of Patients.	Robert H. Friedman,John E. Stollerman,Diane M. Mahoney,Leonid Rozenblyum	1997	Synthesis of Research: The Virtual Visit: Using Telecommunications Technology to Take Care of Patients.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Telemedicine Expanding the Scope of Health Care Information.	David C. Balch,John M. Tichenor	1997	Application of Technology: Telemedicine Expanding the Scope of Health Care Information.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Representation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Conventional and Augmented Decision Tables.	Richard N. Shiffman	1997	Model Formulation: Representation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Conventional and Augmented Decision Tables.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluating the Coverage of Controlled Health Data Terminologies: Report on the Results of the NLM/AHCPR Large Scale Vocabulary Test.	Betsy L. Humphreys,Alexa T. McCray,May L. Cheh	1997	Research Paper: Evaluating the Coverage of Controlled Health Data Terminologies: Report on the Results of the NLM/AHCPR Large Scale Vocabulary Test.
JAMIA	Review: Beyond the Superhighway: Exploiting the Internet with Medical Informatics.	James J. Cimino	1997	Review: Beyond the Superhighway: Exploiting the Internet with Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: The Digital Anatomist Distributed Framework and Its Applications to Knowledge-based Medical Imaging.	James F. Brinkley,Cornelius Rosse	1997	Synthesis of Research: The Digital Anatomist Distributed Framework and Its Applications to Knowledge-based Medical Imaging.
JAMIA	A Focus on Telehealth.	Michael J. Ackerman,Betsy L. Humphreys	1997	A Focus on Telehealth.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Organizational Factors that Influence Information Technology Diffusion in Academic Health Sciences Centers.	Joan S. Ash	1997	Research Paper: Organizational Factors that Influence Information Technology Diffusion in Academic Health Sciences Centers.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: An Industrial Process View of Information Delivery to Support Clinical Decision Making: Implications for Systems Design and Process Measures.	Robert B. Elson,John G. Faughnan,Donald P. Connelly	1997	Viewpoint: An Industrial Process View of Information Delivery to Support Clinical Decision Making: Implications for Systems Design and Process Measures.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: A Randomized Trial of ""Corollary Orders"" to Prevent Errors of Omission."	J. Marc Overhage,William M. Tierney,Xiao-Hua Zhou,Clement J. McDonald	1997	"Research Paper: A Randomized Trial of ""Corollary Orders"" to Prevent Errors of Omission."
JAMIA	Book Review: Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications in Health Care.	Daniel R. Masys	1997	Book Review: Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications in Health Care.
JAMIA	Review: Addressing Organizational Issues into the Evaluation of Medical Systems.	Bonnie Kaplan	1997	Review: Addressing Organizational Issues into the Evaluation of Medical Systems.
JAMIA	Policy of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) on Documents for Circulation, Position Papers and Policy Statements.		1997	Policy of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) on Documents for Circulation, Position Papers and Policy Statements.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based reasoning for medical decision support tasks: The Inreca approach.	Klaus-Dieter Althoff,Ralph Bergmann,Stefan Wess,Michel Manago,Eric Auriol,Oleg I. Larichev,Alexander Bolotov,Yurii I. Zhuravlev,Serge I. Gurov	1998	Case-based reasoning for medical decision support tasks: The Inreca approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modelling behavioral syndromes using Bayesian networks.	Jean-Paul Chevrolat,Jean-Louis Golmard,Salomon Ammar,Roland Jouvent,Jean-François Boisvieux	1998	Modelling behavioral syndromes using Bayesian networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Metareasoning and meta-level learning in a hybrid knowledge-based architecture.	Eleni Christodoulou,Elpida T. Keravnou	1998	Metareasoning and meta-level learning in a hybrid knowledge-based architecture.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Distributed cognition and knowledge-based controlled medical terminologies.	James J. Cimino	1998	Distributed cognition and knowledge-based controlled medical terminologies.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Neural dynamics of short and medium-term motor control effects of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease."	José L. Contreras-Vidal,Patricia Poluha,Hans-Leo Teulings,George E. Stelmach	1998	"Neural dynamics of short and medium-term motor control effects of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Qualitative models and fuzzy systems: an integrated approach for learning from data.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Liliana Ironi,Raffaella Guglielmann,Mario Stefanelli	1998	Qualitative models and fuzzy systems: an integrated approach for learning from data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An artificial neural network stimulating performance of normal subjects and schizophrenics on the Wisconsin card sorting test.	S. Berdia,J. T. Metz	1998	An artificial neural network stimulating performance of normal subjects and schizophrenics on the Wisconsin card sorting test.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A society of goal-oriented agents for the analysis of living cells.	Alain Boucher,Anne Doisy,Xavier Ronot,Catherine Garbay	1998	A society of goal-oriented agents for the analysis of living cells.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Designing computer-based frameworks that facilitate doctor-patient collaboration.	Bruce G. Buchanan,Giuseppe Carenini,Vibhu O. Mittal,Johanna D. Moore	1998	Designing computer-based frameworks that facilitate doctor-patient collaboration.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Scenario recognition for temporal reasoning in medical domains.	Michel Dojat,Nicolas Ramaux,Dominique Fontaine	1998	Scenario recognition for temporal reasoning in medical domains.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolving artificial neural networks for screening features from mammograms.	David B. Fogel,Eugene C. Wasson III,Edward M. Boughton,Vincent W. Porto	1998	Evolving artificial neural networks for screening features from mammograms.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based reasoning in IVF: prediction and knowledge mining.	Igor Jurisica,John Mylopoulos,Janice I. Glasgow,Heather Shapiro,Robert F. Casper	1998	Case-based reasoning in IVF: prediction and knowledge mining.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Disseminating medical knowledge: the PROforma approach.	John Fox,Nicky Johns,Ali Rahmanzadeh	1998	Disseminating medical knowledge: the PROforma approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The use of a computerized brain atlas to support knowledge-based training in radiology.	Serge Garlatti,Mike Sharples	1998	The use of a computerized brain atlas to support knowledge-based training in radiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computerized brain atlases as decision support systems: a methodological approach.	Bernard Gibaud,Serge Garlatti,Christian Barillot,E. Faure	1998	Computerized brain atlases as decision support systems: a methodological approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Striatal mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: new insights from computer modeling."	Rolf Kötter,Jeff Wickens	1998	"Striatal mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: new insights from computer modeling."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Learning differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases using voting feature intervals.	H. Altay Güvenir,Gülsen Demiröz,Nilsel Ilter	1998	Learning differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases using voting feature intervals.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AI in medical educationanother grand challenge for medical informatics.	Svein-Ivar Lillehaug,Susanne P. Lajoie	1998	AI in medical educationanother grand challenge for medical informatics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical dictionaries for patient encoding systems: a methodology.	Christian Lovis,Robert H. Baud,Anne-Marie Rassinoux,P. A. Michel,Jean-Raoul Scherrer	1998	Medical dictionaries for patient encoding systems: a methodology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computer models of hippocampal circuit changes of the kindling model of epilepsy.	William W. Lytton,Kevin M. Hellman,Thomas P. Sutula	1998	Computer models of hippocampal circuit changes of the kindling model of epilepsy.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Methodology and validity in the construction of computational models of cognitive deficits following brain damage.	Kate Mayall	1998	Methodology and validity in the construction of computational models of cognitive deficits following brain damage.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Neuromodulatory control of hippocampal function: towards a model of Alzheimer's disease."	Elliot D. Menschik,Leif H. Finkel	1998	"Neuromodulatory control of hippocampal function: towards a model of Alzheimer's disease."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computerised electrocardiology employing bi-group neural networks.	Chris D. Nugent,J. A. C. Webb,M. McIntyre,Norman D. Black,G. T. H. Wright	1998	Computerised electrocardiology employing bi-group neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Disease diagnosis validation in TROPIX using CBR.	Ambrose Sunny Ochi-Okorie	1998	Disease diagnosis validation in TROPIX using CBR.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluating a case-based discovery system: a case-study in content-oriented evaluation.	Rüdiger Oehlmann	1998	Evaluating a case-based discovery system: a case-study in content-oriented evaluation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Treatment of missing data values in a neural network based decision support system for acute abdominal pain.	Erkki Pesonen,Matti Eskelinen,Martti Juhola	1998	Treatment of missing data values in a neural network based decision support system for acute abdominal pain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Understanding coronary artery movement: a knowledge-based approach.	John Puentes,Mireille Garreau,Hervé Le Breton,Christian Roux	1998	Understanding coronary artery movement: a knowledge-based approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Supporting tools for guideline development and dissemination.	Silvana Quaglini,Luisella Dazzi,Luca Gatti,Mario Stefanelli,Clara Fassino,Carlo Tondini	1998	Supporting tools for guideline development and dissemination.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A development environment for knowledge-based medical applications on the world-wide web.	Alberto Riva,Riccardo Bellazzi,Giordano Lanzola,Mario Stefanelli	1998	A development environment for knowledge-based medical applications on the world-wide web.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Seeking order in disorder: computational studies of neurologic and psychiatric diseases.	Eytan Ruppin,James A. Reggia	1998	Seeking order in disorder: computational studies of neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 2. Etiology.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	1998	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 2. Etiology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Electronic communication and collaboration in a health care practice.	Charles Safran,Peter C. Jones,David Rind,Booker Bush,Kayla N. Cytryn,Vimla L. Patel	1998	Electronic communication and collaboration in a health care practice.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Asgaard project: a task-specific framework for the application and critiquing of time-oriented clinical guidelines.	Yuval Shahar,Silvia Miksch,Peter Johnson	1998	The Asgaard project: a task-specific framework for the application and critiquing of time-oriented clinical guidelines.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A study of collaboration among medical informatics research laboratories.	Edward H. Shortliffe,Vimla L. Patel,James J. Cimino,G. Octo Barnett,Robert A. Greenes	1998	A study of collaboration among medical informatics research laboratories.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predicting survival in malignant skin melanoma using Bayesian networks automatically induced by genetic algorithms. An empirical comparison between different approaches.	Basilio Sierra,Pedro Larrañaga	1998	Predicting survival in malignant skin melanoma using Bayesian networks automatically induced by genetic algorithms. An empirical comparison between different approaches.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Web-based health care agents; the case of reminders and todos, too (R2Do2).	Barry G. Silverman,Christo Andonyadis,Alfredo Morales	1998	Web-based health care agents; the case of reminders and todos, too (R2Do2).
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Dependency parsing for medical language and concept representation.	Friedrich Steimann	1998	Dependency parsing for medical language and concept representation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Development of systems for support of collaboration in health care: the design arenas.	Toomas Timpka,Cecilia Sjöberg	1998	Development of systems for support of collaboration in health care: the design arenas.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"A functional model of some Parkinson's Disease symptoms using a Guided Propagation Network."	Claire Toffano-Nioche,Dominique Béroule,Jean-Pol Tassin	1998	"A functional model of some Parkinson's Disease symptoms using a Guided Propagation Network."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural networks for recognizing patterns in cardiotocograms.	Claudia Ulbricht,Georg Dorffner,Andreas Lee	1998	Neural networks for recognizing patterns in cardiotocograms.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Acquiring background knowledge for machine learning using function decomposition: a case study in rheumatology.	Blaz Zupan,Saso Dzeroski	1998	Acquiring background knowledge for machine learning using function decomposition: a case study in rheumatology.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	ViVa: the virtual vascular project.	Gassan Abdoulaev,Sandro Cadeddu,Giovanni Delussu,Marco Donizelli,Luca Formaggia,Andrea Giachetti,Enrico Gobbetti,Andrea O. Leone,Cristina Manzi,Piero Pili,Alan L. Scheinine,Massimiliano Tuveri,Alberto Varone,Alessandro Veneziani,Gianluigi Zanetti,Antonio Zorcolo	1998	ViVa: the virtual vascular project.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A system for medical consultation and education using multimodal human/machine communication.	Metin Akay,Ivan Marsic,Attila Medl,Guangming Bu	1998	A system for medical consultation and education using multimodal human/machine communication.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Relief for maritime medical emergencies through telematics.	George Anogianakis,Stavroula Maglavera,Andreas S. Pomportsis	1998	Relief for maritime medical emergencies through telematics.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The construction of a simulation-based system for the development of powerful and realistic models and practicals for healthcare professionals.	Marianna Diomidous,I. Verginis,John Mantas	1998	The construction of a simulation-based system for the development of powerful and realistic models and practicals for healthcare professionals.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Design and development of an interactive medical teleconsultation system over the World Wide Web.	Jing Bai,Yonghong Zhang,Bing Dai	1998	Design and development of an interactive medical teleconsultation system over the World Wide Web.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A three-generation model for teleradiology.	Uwe Engelmann,Andre Schröter,U. Baur,O. Werner,Markus Schwab,Henning Müller,Hans-Peter Meinzer	1998	A three-generation model for teleradiology.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Microscopic image analysis for quantitative measurement and feature identification of normal and cancerous colonic mucosa.	A. Nasser Esgiar,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib,Bayan S. Sharif,Mark K. Bennett,A. Murray	1998	Microscopic image analysis for quantitative measurement and feature identification of normal and cancerous colonic mucosa.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	On the integration of healthcare emergency systems in Europe: the WETS project case study.	F. Beltrame,Piergiulio Maryni,G. Orsi	1998	On the integration of healthcare emergency systems in Europe: the WETS project case study.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Augmented-reality communication for diagnostic tasks in cardiology.	Thomas Berlage	1998	Augmented-reality communication for diagnostic tasks in cardiology.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The EASI project-improving the effectiveness and quality of image-guided surgery.	Marcel Breeuwer,John P. Wadley,H. L. T. de Bliek,Johannes Buurman,Paul Desmedt,Paul M. C. Gieles,Frans A. Gerritsen,N. L. Dorward,N. D. Kitchen,B. Velani,D. G. T. Thomas,Onno Wink,Jan D. Blankensteijn,Bert C. Eikelboom,W. P. Th. M. Mali,Max A. Viergever,Graeme P. Penney,Ronald P. Gaston,Derek L. G. Hill,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,David J. Hawkes,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Rudi Verbeeck,Paul Suetens,Georg Schmitz,Thorsten M. Buzug,Cristian Lorenz,Jürgen Sabczynski,Jürgen Weese,W. Zylka,M. H. Kuhn	1998	The EASI project-improving the effectiveness and quality of image-guided surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Decision support and disease management: a logic engineering approach.	John Fox,Richard Thomson	1998	Decision support and disease management: a logic engineering approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"Computer Assisted Radiology '97 Conference (Part 2 Of 2)."		1998	"Computer Assisted Radiology '97 Conference (Part 2 Of 2)."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The implementation of a Quality-Net as a part of the European project DIABCARE Q-Net.	Katrin Gerlach,Anne-Kathrin Kaeding,S. Kottmair,Dieter Westphal,G. Henning,Klaus Piwernetz	1998	The implementation of a Quality-Net as a part of the European project DIABCARE Q-Net.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Clinical decision support, systems methodology, and telemedicine: their role in the management of chronic disease.	Ewart R. Carson,Derek G. Cramp,A. Morgan,Abdul V. Roudsari	1998	Clinical decision support, systems methodology, and telemedicine: their role in the management of chronic disease.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A broadband multimedia collaborative system for advanced teleradiology and medical imaging diagnosis.	Enrique J. Gómez,Francisco del Pozo,E. J. Ortiz,Norberto Malpica,H. Rahms	1998	A broadband multimedia collaborative system for advanced teleradiology and medical imaging diagnosis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A CORBA-based integration of distributed electronic healthcare records using the Synapses approach.	Jane Grimson,William Grimson,Damon Berry,Gaye Stephens,Eoghan Felton,Dipak Kalra,Pieter J. Toussaint,Onno W. Weier	1998	A CORBA-based integration of distributed electronic healthcare records using the Synapses approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Combining a scientific approach and prototyping in the design of EHCR systems.	Arie Hasman,Huibert J. Tange,M. Vissers	1998	Combining a scientific approach and prototyping in the design of EHCR systems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Teleworks: a CSCW application for remote medical diagnosis support and teleconsultation.	Lambros Makris,I. Kamilatos,E. V. Kopsacheilis,Michael G. Strintzis	1998	Teleworks: a CSCW application for remote medical diagnosis support and teleconsultation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A workflow-based approach to virtual patient record security.	Flora Malamateniou,George Vassilacopoulos,P. Tsanakas	1998	A workflow-based approach to virtual patient record security.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Integration of clinical information across patient records: a comparison of mechanisms used to enforce semantic coherence.	Angelo Rossi Mori,Fabrizio Consorti	1998	Integration of clinical information across patient records: a comparison of mechanisms used to enforce semantic coherence.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Interactive DICOM image transmission and telediagnosis over the European ATM network.	Emanuele Neri,Jean-Philippe Thiran,Davide Caramella,Claudio Petri,Carlo Bartolozzi,Bruno Piscaglia,Benoit M. Macq,Thierry Duprez,Guy Cosnard,Baudouin Maldague,Johan De Pauw	1998	Interactive DICOM image transmission and telediagnosis over the European ATM network.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Deployable teleradiology: Bosnia and beyond.	Betty Ann Levine,Kevin Cleary,Seong K. Mun	1998	Deployable teleradiology: Bosnia and beyond.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel emergency telemedicine system based on wireless communication technology-AMBULANCE.	Sotiris Pavlopoulos,E. Kyriacou,Alexandros Berler,Spiridon Dembeyiotis,Dimitrios Koutsouris	1998	A novel emergency telemedicine system based on wireless communication technology-AMBULANCE.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest Editorial Special Issue on Emerging Health Telematics Applications in Europe.	I. Lakovidis,Constantinos S. Pattichis,Christos Schizas	1998	Guest Editorial Special Issue on Emerging Health Telematics Applications in Europe.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Experience with PACS in an ATM/Ethernet switched network environment.	E. Pelikan,A. Ganser,E. Kotter,U. Schrader,U. Timmermann	1998	Experience with PACS in an ATM/Ethernet switched network environment.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A unified multimedia database system to support telemedicine.	Chung-Chih Lin,Jeng-Ren Duann,Chien-Tsai Liu,Heng-Shuen Chen,Jenn-Lung Su,Jyh-Horng Chen	1998	A unified multimedia database system to support telemedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	BlackSea TeleDiab: Diabetes computer system with communication technology for black sea region.	Simion S. Pruna,Richard Dixon,Nigel D. Harris	1998	BlackSea TeleDiab: Diabetes computer system with communication technology for black sea region.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"Reconciling users' needs and formal requirements: issues in developing a reusable ontology for medicine."	Alan L. Rector,Pieter E. Zanstra,W. D. Solomon,Jeremy Rogers,Robert H. Baud,Werner Ceusters,A. M. W. Claassen,J. Kirby,Jean Marie Rodrigues,Angelo Rossi Mori,Egbert J. van der Haring,J. Wagner	1998	"Reconciling users' needs and formal requirements: issues in developing a reusable ontology for medicine."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A VRML-based anatomical visualization tool for medical education.	Philip A. Warrick,W. Robert J. Funnell	1998	A VRML-based anatomical visualization tool for medical education.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Extracting isovolumes from three-dimensional torso geometry using PROLOG.	J. A. Replogle,David J. Russomanno,Amy L. De Jongh,Frank J. Claydon	1998	Extracting isovolumes from three-dimensional torso geometry using PROLOG.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual environments in neuroscience.	Giuseppe Riva	1998	Virtual environments in neuroscience.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A systems approach to achieving CarerNet-an integrated and intelligent telecare system.	G. Williams,K. Doughty,D. A. Bradley	1998	A systems approach to achieving CarerNet-an integrated and intelligent telecare system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	PACS/information systems interoperability using Enterprise Communication Framework.	Yasser H. alSafadi,William P. Lord,Nicholas J. Mankovich	1998	PACS/information systems interoperability using Enterprise Communication Framework.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Time and space results of dynamic texture feature extraction in MR and CT image analysis.	Andrew E. Svolos,Andrew Todd-Pokropek	1998	Time and space results of dynamic texture feature extraction in MR and CT image analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Real-time separation of discontinuous adventitious sounds from vesicular sounds using a fuzzy rule-based filter.	Yannis A. Tolias,Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis,Stavros M. Panas	1998	Real-time separation of discontinuous adventitious sounds from vesicular sounds using a fuzzy rule-based filter.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Magnetocardiographic Localization of Arrhythmia Substrates: A Methodology Study, with Accessory Pathway Ablation as Reference.	Pär L. Ågren,Håkan Göranson,Tomas Hindmarsh,Evert Knutsson,Dag Mohlkert,Mårten Rosenqvist,Lennart Bergfeldt	1998	Magnetocardiographic Localization of Arrhythmia Substrates: A Methodology Study, with Accessory Pathway Ablation as Reference.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Calibration of tracking systems in a surgical environment.	Wolfgang Birkfellner,Franz Watzinger,Felix Wanschitz,Rolf Ewers,Helmar Bergmann	1998	Calibration of tracking systems in a surgical environment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimization of PET Activation Studies Based on the SNR Measured in the 3D Hoffman Brain Phantom.	Henry H. Li,John R. Votaw	1998	Optimization of PET Activation Studies Based on the SNR Measured in the 3D Hoffman Brain Phantom.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Coupled B-Snake Grids and Constrained Thin-Plate Splines for Analysis of 2D Tissue Deformations from Tagged MRI.	Amir A. Amini,Yasheng Chen,Rupert W. Curwen,Vaidy Mani,Jean Sun	1998	Coupled B-Snake Grids and Constrained Thin-Plate Splines for Analysis of 2D Tissue Deformations from Tagged MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Treatment planning of brain implants using vascular information and a new template technique.	J. de Bree,Jan J. W. Lagendijk,Bas W. Raaymakers,Chris J. G. Bakker,M. C. C. M. Hulshof,R. W. Koot,P. W. Hanlo,H. Struikmans,L. Ramos,J. J. Battermann	1998	Treatment planning of brain implants using vascular information and a new template technique.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimization and FROC Analysis of Rule-Based Detection Schemes Using a Multiobjective Approach.	Mark A. Anastasio,Matthew A. Kupinski,Robert M. Nishikawa	1998	Optimization and FROC Analysis of Rule-Based Detection Schemes Using a Multiobjective Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quasi Band-Limited Properties of Radon Transforms and Their Implications for Increasing Angular Sampling Densities.	Xiaochuan Pan	1998	Quasi Band-Limited Properties of Radon Transforms and Their Implications for Increasing Angular Sampling Densities.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of real and CT-derived virtual bronchoscopic images to assist transbronchial biopsy.	Ivan Bricault,Gilbert Ferretti,Philippe Cinquin	1998	Registration of real and CT-derived virtual bronchoscopic images to assist transbronchial biopsy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimized Homorphic Unsharp Masking for MR Grayscale Inhomogeneity Correction.	Benjamin H. Brinkmann,Armando Manduca,Richard A. Robb	1998	Optimized Homorphic Unsharp Masking for MR Grayscale Inhomogeneity Correction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fully Automatic Segmentation of the Brain in MRI.	M. Stella Atkins,Blair T. Mackiewich	1998	Fully Automatic Segmentation of the Brain in MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Digital Imaging Colposcopy: Correction Area Measurements using Shape-from-Shading.	"Brian L. Craine,Eric Craine,Cynthia J. O'Toole,Qiang Ji"	1998	Digital Imaging Colposcopy: Correction Area Measurements using Shape-from-Shading.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guidance of intracoronary radiation therapy based on dose-volume histogram derived from quantitative intravascular ultrasound.	S. G. Carlier,J. P. A. Markhnissen,V. L. M. A. Coen,W. J. van der Giessen,M. Sabate,J. Ligthart,A. Den Boer,E. I. Cespedes,W. Li,Anton F. W. van der Steen,P. C. Levendag,Patrick W. Serruys	1998	Guidance of intracoronary radiation therapy based on dose-volume histogram derived from quantitative intravascular ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatio-temporal fMRI Analysis using Markov Random Fields .	Xavier Descombes,Frithjof Kruggel,D. Yves von Cramon	1998	Spatio-temporal fMRI Analysis using Markov Random Fields .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Contrast Enhancement Based on a Histogram Transformation of Local Standard Deviation.	Dah-Chung Chang,Wen-Rong Wu	1998	Image Contrast Enhancement Based on a Histogram Transformation of Local Standard Deviation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Errors in Biased Estimators for Parametric Ultrasonic Imaging.	Pawan Chaturvedi,Michael F. Insana	1998	Errors in Biased Estimators for Parametric Ultrasonic Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation and Interpretation of MR Brain Images: An Improved Active Shape Model.	Nicolae Duta,Milan Sonka	1998	Segmentation and Interpretation of MR Brain Images: An Improved Active Shape Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generalized Linear Least Square Method for Fast Generation of Myocardial Blood Flow Parametrick Images with N-13 Ammonia PET.	Kewei Chen,Michael Lawson,Eric Rieman,Alan Cooper,David Dagan Feng,Sung-Cheng Huang,Daniel Bandy,Dino Ho,Lang-sheng Yun,Anita Palant	1998	Generalized Linear Least Square Method for Fast Generation of Myocardial Blood Flow Parametrick Images with N-13 Ammonia PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	T1 Fast Acquisition Relaxation Mapping (T1-FARM): An Optimized Reconstruction.	Zuoqun Chen,Frank S. Prato,Charles McKenzie	1998	T1 Fast Acquisition Relaxation Mapping (T1-FARM): An Optimized Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Novel Approach to Microcalcification Detection Using Fuzzy Logic.	Heng-Da Cheng,Yui Man Lui,Rita I. Freimanis	1998	A Novel Approach to Microcalcification Detection Using Fuzzy Logic.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Non-Linear Spatially-Variant Object-Dependent System Model for Prediction of Partial Volume Effects and Scatter in PET.	Chi-Hsien Chen,Raymond F. Muzic Jr.,A. Dennis Nelson,Lee P. Adler	1998	A Non-Linear Spatially-Variant Object-Dependent System Model for Prediction of Partial Volume Effects and Scatter in PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-Guided Labeling of Coronary Structure.	Norberto Ezquerra,Steve Capell,Larry Klein,Pieter Duijves	1998	Model-Guided Labeling of Coronary Structure.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Tumor Segmentation Using Knowledge-Based Clustering.	Matthew C. Clark,Lawrence O. Hall,Dmitry B. Goldgof,Robert P. Velthuizen,F. Reed Murtagh,Martin S. Silbiger	1998	Automatic Tumor Segmentation Using Knowledge-Based Clustering.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Evaluation of Exact and Approximate 3-D Reconstruction Algorithms for a High-Resolution, Small Animal PET Scanner.	T. H. Farquhar,Arion Chatziioannou,S. R. Cherry	1998	An Evaluation of Exact and Approximate 3-D Reconstruction Algorithms for a High-Resolution, Small Animal PET Scanner.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Validation of object-induced MR distortion correction for frameless stereotactic neurosurgery.	David Dean,Janardhan Kamath,Jeffrey L. Duerk,E. Ganz	1998	Validation of object-induced MR distortion correction for frameless stereotactic neurosurgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Design and Construction of a Realistic Digital Brain Phantom.	D. Louis Collins,Alex P. Zijdenbos,Vasken Kollokian,John G. Sled,N. J. Kabani,Colin J. Holmes,Alan C. Evans	1998	Design and Construction of a Realistic Digital Brain Phantom.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Visual Assessment of the Accuracy of Retrospective Registration of MR and CT Images of the Brain.	J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Derek L. G. Hill,Yu Shyr,Jay B. West,Colin Studholme,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	1998	Visual Assessment of the Accuracy of Retrospective Registration of MR and CT Images of the Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Predicting error in rigid-body, point-based registration.	J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Jay B. West,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	1998	Predicting error in rigid-body, point-based registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Linear and Neural Models for Classifying Breast Masses.	David B. Fogel,Eugene C. Wasson III,Edward M. Boughton,Vincent W. Porto,Peter J. Angeline	1998	Linear and Neural Models for Classifying Breast Masses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative Microwave Imaging with a 2.45Ghz Planar Microwave Camera.	Ann Franchois,Alain Joisel,Christian Pichot,Jean-Charles Bolomey	1998	Quantitative Microwave Imaging with a 2.45Ghz Planar Microwave Camera.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"MR Image Texture Analysis Applied to the Diagnosis and Tracking of Alzheimer's Disease."	Peter A. Freeborough,Nick C. Fox	1998	"MR Image Texture Analysis Applied to the Diagnosis and Tracking of Alzheimer's Disease."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Boundary Tracking in 3D Binary Images to Produce Rhombic Faces for a Dodechedral Model.	Edgar Garduño,Gabor T. Herman,Hava Katz	1998	Boundary Tracking in 3D Binary Images to Produce Rhombic Faces for a Dodechedral Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Standardization in the Field of Medical Image Management: The Contribution of the MIMOSA Model.	Bernard Gibaud,H. Garfagni,F. Aubry,Andrew Todd-Pokropek,V. Chameroy,Y. Bizais,R. Di Paola	1998	Standardization in the Field of Medical Image Management: The Contribution of the MIMOSA Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Device visualization for interventional MRI using local magnetic fields: Basic theory and its application to catheter visualization.	Arndt Glowinski,J. Küsch,Gerhard Adam,Arno Bücker,Tobias G. Noll,Rolf W. Günther	1998	Device visualization for interventional MRI using local magnetic fields: Basic theory and its application to catheter visualization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Objective Comparison of Three-Dimensional Image Interpolation Methods.	George J. Grevera,Jayaram K. Udupa	1998	An Objective Comparison of Three-Dimensional Image Interpolation Methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anatomy based registration of CT-scan and intraoperative X-ray images for guiding a surgical robot.	André Guéziec,Peter Kazanzides,Bill Williamson,Russell H. Taylor	1998	Anatomy based registration of CT-scan and intraoperative X-ray images for guiding a surgical robot.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Edge Detection in Medical Images Using a Genetic Algorithm.	Markus Guomundsson,Essam A. El-Kwae,Mansur R. Kabuka	1998	Edge Detection in Medical Images Using a Genetic Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface-based registration of CT images to physical space for image-guided surgery of the spine: a sensitivity study.	Jeannette L. Herring,Benoit M. Dawant,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,D. M. Muratire,Robert L. Galloway,J. Michael Fitzpatrick	1998	Surface-based registration of CT images to physical space for image-guided surgery of the spine: a sensitivity study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Projection Space Image Reconstruction using Strip Functions to Calculate Pixels More ""Natural"" for Modeling the Geometric Response of the SPECT Collimator."	Yu-Lung Hsieh,Gengsheng L. Zeng,Grant T. Gullberg	1998	"Projection Space Image Reconstruction using Strip Functions to Calculate Pixels More ""Natural"" for Modeling the Geometric Response of the SPECT Collimator."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registering Histological 2D Sections of a Rat Brain with a 3D Brain Atlas using Geometric Curve Invariants.	Walid S. Ibrahim,Fernand S. Cohen	1998	Registering Histological 2D Sections of a Rat Brain with a 3D Brain Atlas using Geometric Curve Invariants.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated atlas integration and interactive 3-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance of functional neurosurgery.	Philippe St. Jean,Abbas F. Sadikot,D. Louis Collins,Diego Clonda,Reza Kasrai,Alan C. Evans,Terry M. Peters	1998	Automated atlas integration and interactive 3-dimensional visualization tools for planning and guidance of functional neurosurgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Convergence and Stability Assessment of Newton-Kantorovich Reconstruction Algorithms for Microwave Tomography.	Nadine Joachimowicz,Jordi Mallorquí,Jean-Charles Bolomey,Antoni Broquetas	1998	Convergence and Stability Assessment of Newton-Kantorovich Reconstruction Algorithms for Microwave Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Re-appraisal of the Use of Infrared Thermal Image Analysis in Medicine.	Bryan F. Jones	1998	A Re-appraisal of the Use of Infrared Thermal Image Analysis in Medicine.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Algebraic Reconstruction for Magnetic Resonance Imaging under B0 Inhomogeneity.	Yasser M. Kadah,Xiaoping Hu	1998	Algebraic Reconstruction for Magnetic Resonance Imaging under B0 Inhomogeneity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Application of Reconstruction-Based Scatter Compensation to Thallium-201 SPECT: Implementations for Reduced Reconstructed Image Noise.	Dan J. Kadrmas,Eric C. Frey,Benjamin M. W. Tsui	1998	Application of Reconstruction-Based Scatter Compensation to Thallium-201 SPECT: Implementations for Reduced Reconstructed Image Noise.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accelerated Iterative Transmission CT Reconstruction using an Ordered Subsets Convex Algorithm.	C. Kamphuis,Freek J. Beekman	1998	Accelerated Iterative Transmission CT Reconstruction using an Ordered Subsets Convex Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reversible Decorrelation Method for Progressive Transmission of 3-D Medical Images.	Yong-Sung Kim,Whoi-Yul Kim	1998	Reversible Decorrelation Method for Progressive Transmission of 3-D Medical Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ovarian Ultrasound Image Analysis: Follicle Segmentation .	Anthony Krivanek,Milan Sonka	1998	Ovarian Ultrasound Image Analysis: Follicle Segmentation .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Seeded Lesion Segmentation on Digital Mammograms.	Matthew A. Kupinski,Maryellen L. Giger	1998	Automated Seeded Lesion Segmentation on Digital Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On the Optimality of Partial Volume Classification Methods: Voxel Histogram Classification vs. Eigenimage Filtering.	David H. Laidlaw	1998	On the Optimality of Partial Volume Classification Methods: Voxel Histogram Classification vs. Eigenimage Filtering.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Partial-Volume Bayesian Classification of Material Mixtures in MR Volume Data Using Voxel Histograms.	David H. Laidlaw,Kurt W. Fleischer,Alan H. Barr	1998	We present a new algorithm for identifying the distribution of different material types in volumetric datasets such as those produced with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT). Because we allow for mixtures of materials and treat voxels as regions, our technique reduces the classification artifacts that thresholding can create along boundaries between materials and is particularly useful for creating accurate geometric models and renderings from volume data. It also has the potential to make more-accurate volume measurements and classifies noisy, low-resolution data well. There are two unusual aspects to our approach. First, we assume that, due to partial-volume effects, voxels can contain more than one material, e.g., both muscle and fat; we compute the relative proportion of each material in the voxels. Second, we incorporate information from neighboring voxels into the classification process by reconstructing a continuous function, p(x), from the samples and then looking at the distribution of values that p takes on within the region of a voxel. This distribution of values is represented by a histogram taken over the region of the voxel; the mixture of materials that those values measure is identified within the voxel using a probabilistic Bayesian approach that matches the histogram by finding the mixture of materials within each voxel most likely to have created the histogram. The size of regions that we classify is chosen to match the spacing of the samples because the spacing is intrinsically related to the minimum feature size that the reconstructed continuous function can represent.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Minimum Dynamic SPECT Image Acquisition Time Required for T1-201 Tracer Kinetic Modelling.	Chi-Hoi Lau,Stefan Eberl,David Dagan Feng,Hidehiro Iida,Daniel Pak-Kong Lun,Wan-Chi Siu,Yoshikazu Tamura,George J. Bautovich,Yukihiko Ono	1998	Minimum Dynamic SPECT Image Acquisition Time Required for T1-201 Tracer Kinetic Modelling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Dynamic Imaging and Tracer Kinetic Modeling for Emission Tomography Using Rotating Detectors.	Chi-Hoi Lau,David Dagan Feng,Brian F. Hutton,Daniel Pak-Kong Lun,Wan-Chi Siu	1998	Dynamic Imaging and Tracer Kinetic Modeling for Emission Tomography Using Rotating Detectors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Detection of the Boundary of the Calcaneus from Ultrasound Parametric Images Using an Active Contour Model: Clinical Assessment.	Fabrice Lefebvre,G. Berger,P. Laugier	1998	Automatic Detection of the Boundary of the Calcaneus from Ultrasound Parametric Images Using an Active Contour Model: Clinical Assessment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Determining Data Independence on a Digitized Membrane in 3D.	Lawrence M. Lifshitz	1998	Determining Data Independence on a Digitized Membrane in 3D.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	True energy minimal and finite size bi-planner gradient coil design for MRI.	Haiying Liu,Charles L. Truwit	1998	True energy minimal and finite size bi-planner gradient coil design for MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extracting Line Representation of Sulcal and Gyral Patterns in MR Images of the Human Brain.	Gabriele Lohmann	1998	Extracting Line Representation of Sulcal and Gyral Patterns in MR Images of the Human Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Cross-Reference Weighted Least Square Estimates for Positron Emission Tomography.	Henry Horng-Shing Lu,Chung-Ming Chen,I.-H. Yang	1998	Cross-Reference Weighted Least Square Estimates for Positron Emission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tissue Visability by Multispectral Near Infrared Imaging: A Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Analysis.	James R. Mansfield,Michael G. Sowa,Jeri R. Payette,Badr Abdulrauf,Miroslaw F. Stranc,Henry H. Mantsch	1998	Tissue Visability by Multispectral Near Infrared Imaging: A Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Investigation of intraoperative brain deformation using a 1.5 Tesla interventional MR system: Preliminary results.	Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Derek L. G. Hill,Alastair J. Martin,Haiying Liu,M. McCue,Daniel Rueckert,David Lloret,Walter A. Hall,R. E. Maxwell,David J. Hawkes,Charles L. Truwit	1998	Investigation of intraoperative brain deformation using a 1.5 Tesla interventional MR system: Preliminary results.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of head CT images to physical space using a weighted combination of points and surfaces.	Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Robert J. Maciunas,J. Michael Fitzpatrick	1998	Registration of head CT images to physical space using a weighted combination of points and surfaces.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation and Tracking in Echocardiographic Sequences: Active Contours Guided by Optical Flow Estimates.	Ivana Mikic,Slawomir Krucinski,James D. Thomas	1998	Segmentation and Tracking in Echocardiographic Sequences: Active Contours Guided by Optical Flow Estimates.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Characterization of Visually Similar Diffuse Disease from B-scan Liver Images Using Nonseparable Wavelet Transform.	Aleksandra Mojsilovic,Miodrag Popovic,Srdjan Markovic,Miodrag Krstic	1998	Characterization of Visually Similar Diffuse Disease from B-scan Liver Images Using Nonseparable Wavelet Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Scatter-Glare Estimation for Digital Radiographic Systems: Comparison of Digital Filtration and Sampling Techniques.	Sabee Molloi,Yifang Zhou,Greg Wamsely	1998	Scatter-Glare Estimation for Digital Radiographic Systems: Comparison of Digital Filtration and Sampling Techniques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of the ECAT Exact HR+ 3D PET Scanner in H2 15O Brain Activition Studies: Dose Fractionation Strategies for rCBF and Signal Enhancing Protocols.	J. J. Moreno-Cantú,C. J. Thompson,R. J. Zatorre	1998	Evaluation of the ECAT Exact HR+ 3D PET Scanner in H2 15O Brain Activition Studies: Dose Fractionation Strategies for rCBF and Signal Enhancing Protocols.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Method to Correct for Scatter, Spillover and Partial Volume Effects in Region of Interest Analysis in PET.	Raymond F. Muzic Jr.,Chi-Hsien Chen,A. Dennis Nelson	1998	A Method to Correct for Scatter, Spillover and Partial Volume Effects in Region of Interest Analysis in PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Sampling on Concentric Circles.	Nikolaos E. Myridis,Christodoulos Chamzas	1998	Sampling on Concentric Circles.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Geodesic Deformable Models for Medical Image Analysis.	Wiro J. Niessen,Bart M. ter Haar Romeny,Max A. Viergever	1998	Geodesic Deformable Models for Medical Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Beamformed Nearfield Imaging of a Simulated Coronary Artery Containing a Stenosis.	Normal L. Owsley,Andrew J. Hull	1998	Beamformed Nearfield Imaging of a Simulated Coronary Artery Containing a Stenosis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noise Characteristics of 3-D and 2-D PET Images.	Sinisa Pajevic,Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon,Stephen L. Bacharach,Richard E. Carson	1998	Noise Characteristics of 3-D and 2-D PET Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Intrathoracic Airway Trees: A Fuzzy Logic Approach.	Wonkyu Park,Eric A. Hoffman,Milan Sonka	1998	Segmentation of Intrathoracic Airway Trees: A Fuzzy Logic Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	List-Mode Likelihood EM Algorithm and Noise Estimation Demonstrated on 2D-PET.	Lucas C. Parra,Harrison H. Barrett	1998	List-Mode Likelihood EM Algorithm and Noise Estimation Demonstrated on 2D-PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Methods for providing probe position and temperature information on MR images during interventional procedures.	K. C. Patel,Jeffrey L. Duerk,Q. Zhang,Y. C. Chung,M. Williams,K. Kaczynski,Michael Wendt,Jonathan S. Lewin	1998	Methods for providing probe position and temperature information on MR images during interventional procedures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Pubic arch detection in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate cancer therapy.	Sayan D. Pathak,P. D. Grimm,Vikram Chalana,Yongmin Kim	1998	Pubic arch detection in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate cancer therapy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-Aided Diagnosis: A Neural Network Based Approach to Lung Nodule Detection.	Manuel G. Penedo,María J. Carreira,Antonio Mosquera González,Diego Cabello	1998	Computer-Aided Diagnosis: A Neural Network Based Approach to Lung Nodule Detection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Comparison of Similarity Measures for Use in 2D-3D Medical Image Registration.	Graeme P. Penney,Jürgen Weese,John A. Little,Paul Desmedt,Derek L. G. Hill,David J. Hawkes	1998	A Comparison of Similarity Measures for Use in 2D-3D Medical Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mapping the Human Brain Retina.	Axel Pinz,Stefan Bernögger	1998	Mapping the Human Brain Retina.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Seamless Tiling of Amorphous Silicon Photodiode-TFT Arrays for Very Large Area X-ray Image Sensors.	M. J. Powell,J. R. Hughes,N. C. Bird,C. Glasse,T. R. King	1998	Seamless Tiling of Amorphous Silicon Photodiode-TFT Arrays for Very Large Area X-ray Image Sensors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Dynamic Feature Extraction of Coronary Artery Motion using DSA Image Sequences.	John Puentes,Christian Roux,Mireille Garreau,Jean-Louis Coatrieux	1998	Dynamic Feature Extraction of Coronary Artery Motion using DSA Image Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Bayesian Estimates of Error Bounds for EEG Source Imaging.	Gerald S. Russell,Ramesh Srinivasan,Don M. Tucker	1998	Bayesian Estimates of Error Bounds for EEG Source Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical Analysis of Function MRI Data in the Wavelet Domain.	Urs E. Ruttimann,Michael Unser,Robert R. Rawlings,Daniel E. Rio,Nick F. Ramsey,Venkata S. Mattay,Daniel W. Hommer,Joseph A. Frank,Daniel R. Weinberger	1998	Statistical Analysis of Function MRI Data in the Wavelet Domain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Viewpoint Determination System for Stenosis Diagnosis and Quantification in Coronary Angiographic Image Acquisition.	Yoshinobu Sato,T. Araki,Masayuki Hanayama,Hiroaki Naito,Shinichi Tamura	1998	A Viewpoint Determination System for Stenosis Diagnosis and Quantification in Coronary Angiographic Image Acquisition.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image guidance of breast cancer surgery using 3D ultrasonic images and augmented reality visualization.	Yoshinobu Sato,Masahiko Nakamoto,Toshihiko Sasama,Yasuhiro Tamaki,I. Sakita,Yoshikazu Nakajima,Shinichi Tamura,Morito Monden	1998	Image guidance of breast cancer surgery using 3D ultrasonic images and augmented reality visualization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Efficient Fourier Method for 3D Radon Inversion in Exact Cone-Beam CT Reconstructionl.	Stefan Schaller,Thomas Flohr,Peter Steffen	1998	An Efficient Fourier Method for 3D Radon Inversion in Exact Cone-Beam CT Reconstructionl.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On the Subject of Optimal Estimator for MRI Partial Volumes.	Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh,Joe P. Windham	1998	On the Subject of Optimal Estimator for MRI Partial Volumes.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust Parameter Estimation of Intensity Distribution for Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.	Philippe Schroeter,Jean-Marc Vesin,Thierry Langenberger,Reto Meuli	1998	Robust Parameter Estimation of Intensity Distribution for Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Robust Numerical Solution to Reconstruct a Globally Relative Shear Modulus Distribution from Strain Measurements.	Chikayoshi Sumi,Kiyoshi Nakayama	1998	A Robust Numerical Solution to Reconstruct a Globally Relative Shear Modulus Distribution from Strain Measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Filter-Based Coded-Excitation System for High Speed Ultrasonic Imaging.	Jian Shen,Emad S. Ebbini	1998	Filter-Based Coded-Excitation System for High Speed Ultrasonic Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Rician Distribution Parameters.	Jan Sijbers,Arnold Jan den Dekker,Paul Scheunders,Dirk Van Dyck	1998	Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Rician Distribution Parameters.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Application of the Extremum Stack to Neurological MRI.	Andrew Simmons,Simon R. Arridge,Paul S. Tofts,Gareth J. Barker	1998	Application of the Extremum Stack to Neurological MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Standing Wave and RF Penetration Artifacts Caused by an Elliptic Geometry: An Electrodynamic Analysis of MRI.	John G. Sled,G. Bruce Pike	1998	Standing Wave and RF Penetration Artifacts Caused by an Elliptic Geometry: An Electrodynamic Analysis of MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Nonparamterric Method for Automatic Correction of Intensity Nonuniformity in MRI Data.	John G. Sled,Alex P. Zijdenbos,Alan C. Evans	1998	A Nonparamterric Method for Automatic Correction of Intensity Nonuniformity in MRI Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of the Carpal Bone Contours from 3-D MR Images of the Wrist Using a Planar Radial Scale-Space Snake.	Jeroen G. Snel,Henk W. Venema,Cornelis A. Grimbergen	1998	Detection of the Carpal Bone Contours from 3-D MR Images of the Wrist Using a Planar Radial Scale-Space Snake.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Data Driven Homolog Matching for Chromosome Identification.	Ronald J. Stanley,James M. Keller,Paul D. Gader,Charles William Caldwell	1998	Data Driven Homolog Matching for Chromosome Identification.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Fuzzy Vessel Tracking Algorithm for Retinal Images Based on Fuzzy Clustering.	Yannis A. Tolias,Stavros M. Panas	1998	A Fuzzy Vessel Tracking Algorithm for Retinal Images Based on Fuzzy Clustering.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Vision-Based Technique for Objective Assessment of Burn Scars.	Leonid V. Tsap,Dmitry B. Goldgof,Sudeep Sarkar,Pauline S. Powers	1998	A Vision-Based Technique for Objective Assessment of Burn Scars.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anatomic Region Based Dynamic Range Compression for Chest Radiographs Using Warping Transformation of Correlated Distribution.	Osamu Tsujii,Matthew T. Freedman,Seong K. Mun	1998	Anatomic Region Based Dynamic Range Compression for Chest Radiographs Using Warping Transformation of Correlated Distribution.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Performance Characteristics of a Compact Position-Sensitive LSO Detector Module.	Juan J. Vaquero,Jürgen Seidel,Stefan Siegel,William R. Gandler,Michael V. Green	1998	Performance Characteristics of a Compact Position-Sensitive LSO Detector Module.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tikhonov regularization and prior information in electrical impedance tomography.	Marko Vauhkonen,D. Vadász,Pasi A. Karjalainen,Erkki Somersalo,Jari P. Kaipio	1998	Tikhonov regularization and prior information in electrical impedance tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An image guided planning system for endosseous oral implants.	Kris Verstreken,Johan Van Cleynenbreugel,Guy Marchal,Daniel van Steenberghe,Paul Suetens	1998	An image guided planning system for endosseous oral implants.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms Using Wavelets.	Ted C. Wang,Nicolaos B. Karayiannis	1998	Detection of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms Using Wavelets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	GT Tract Unraveling with Curved Cross-Sections.	Ge Wang,Elizabeth G. McFarland,Bruce P. Brown,Michael W. Vannier	1998	GT Tract Unraveling with Curved Cross-Sections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An iterative algorithm for X-ray CT fluoroscopy.	Ge Wang,G. Schweiger,Michael W. Vannier	1998	An iterative algorithm for X-ray CT fluoroscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spiral CT Image Deblurring for Cochlear Implantation.	Ge Wang,Michael W. Vannier,Margaret W. Skinner,Marcelo G. P. Cavalcanti,Gary W. Harding	1998	Spiral CT Image Deblurring for Cochlear Implantation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Improved Algorithm for Rotational Motion Artifact Suppression in MRI.	Chaminda Weerasinghe,Hong Yan	1998	An Improved Algorithm for Rotational Motion Artifact Suppression in MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image guidance of endovascular interventions on a clinical MR scanner.	Remko van der Weide,Karel J. Zuiderveld,Chris J. G. Bakker,T. Hoogenboom,J. J. van Vaals,Max A. Viergever	1998	Image guidance of endovascular interventions on a clinical MR scanner.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	CTA-based angle selection for diagnostic and interventional angiography of saccular intracranial aneurysms.	Remko van der Weide,Karel J. Zuiderveld,W. P. Th. M. Mali,Max A. Viergever	1998	CTA-based angle selection for diagnostic and interventional angiography of saccular intracranial aneurysms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Dynamic tracking in interventional MRI using wavelet-encoded gradient-echo sequences.	Michael Wendt,M. Busch,G. Lenz,Jeffrey L. Duerk,Jonathan S. Lewin,R. M. M. Seibel,Dietrich H. W. Grönemeyer	1998	Dynamic tracking in interventional MRI using wavelet-encoded gradient-echo sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative Analysis of Ultrasound B-mode images of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Correlation with Visual Classification and Histological Examination.	Jens E. Wilhjelm,M.-L. M. Grønholdt,B. Wiebe,S. K. Jespersen,Lars Kai Hansen,H. Sillesen	1998	Quantitative Analysis of Ultrasound B-mode images of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Correlation with Visual Classification and Histological Examination.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Precise Segmentation of the Lateral Ventricles and Caudate Nucleus in MR Brain Images using Anatomically Driven Histograms.	Andrew J. Worth,Nikos Makris,Mark R. Patti,Julie M. Goodman,Elizabeth A. Hoge,Verne S. Caviness Jr.,David N. Kennedy	1998	Precise Segmentation of the Lateral Ventricles and Caudate Nucleus in MR Brain Images using Anatomically Driven Histograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Feature-adaptive Motion Tracking of Ultrasound Image Sequences Using a Deformable Mesh.	Fai Yeung,Stephen F. Levinson,Dongshan Fu,Kevin J. Parker	1998	Feature-adaptive Motion Tracking of Ultrasound Image Sequences Using a Deformable Mesh.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Harmonic Decomposition Reconstruction Algorithm for Spatially-Varying Focal Length Collimators.	Jiangsheng You,Zhengrong Liang,Shanglian Bao	1998	A Harmonic Decomposition Reconstruction Algorithm for Spatially-Varying Focal Length Collimators.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optical CT Scanning Plan for Long Bone 3D Reconstruction .	Cinzia Zannoni,Angelo Cappello,Marco Viceconti	1998	Optical CT Scanning Plan for Long Bone 3D Reconstruction .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tissue Characterization in Intravascular Ultrasound Images.	Xiangmin Zhang,Charles R. McKay,Milan Sonka	1998	Tissue Characterization in Intravascular Ultrasound Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Speckle Reduction and Contrast Enhancement of Echocardiograms via Multiscale Nonlinear Processing.	Xuli Zong,Andrew Laine,Edward A. Geiser	1998	Speckle Reduction and Contrast Enhancement of Echocardiograms via Multiscale Nonlinear Processing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Derivation of optimal filters for the detection of coronary arteries.	Pieter M. J. van der Zwet,M. Nettesheim,Jan J. Gerbrands,Johan H. C. Reiber	1998	Derivation of optimal filters for the detection of coronary arteries.
JAMIA	Review: Medical Informatics and the Science of Cognition.	Vimla L. Patel,David R. Kaufman	1998	Review: Medical Informatics and the Science of Cognition.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Unified Medical Language System: Toward a Collaborative Approach for Solving Terminologic Problems.	Keith E. Campbell,Diane E. Oliver,Edward H. Shortliffe	1998	Viewpoint: The Unified Medical Language System: Toward a Collaborative Approach for Solving Terminologic Problems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The GuideLine Interchange Format: A Model for Representing Guidelines.	Lucila Ohno-Machado,John H. Gennari,Shawn N. Murphy,Nilesh L. Jain,Samson W. Tu,Diane E. Oliver,Edward Pattison-Gordon,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe,G. Octo Barnett	1998	Research Paper: The GuideLine Interchange Format: A Model for Representing Guidelines.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Data Extraction and Ad Hoc Query of an Entity - Attribute - Value Database.	Prakash M. Nadkarni	1998	Application of Information Technology: Data Extraction and Ad Hoc Query of an Entity - Attribute - Value Database.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Association Rules and Data Mining in Hospital Infection Control and Public Health Surveillance.	Stephen E. Brossette,Alan P. Sprague,J. Michael Hardin,Ken B. Waites,Warren T. Jones,Stephen A. Moser	1998	Research Paper: Association Rules and Data Mining in Hospital Infection Control and Public Health Surveillance.
JAMIA	Making the Conceptual Connections: The UMLS after a Decade of Research and Development.	Alexa T. McCray,Randolph A. Miller	1998	Making the Conceptual Connections: The UMLS after a Decade of Research and Development.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Auditing the Unified Medical Language System with Semantic Methods.	James J. Cimino	1998	Research Paper: Auditing the Unified Medical Language System with Semantic Methods.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Development and Initial Validation of an Instrument to Measure Physicians' Use of, Knowledge about, and Attitudes Toward Computers."	Randy D. Cork,William M. Detmer,Charles P. Friedman	1998	"Research Paper: Development and Initial Validation of an Instrument to Measure Physicians' Use of, Knowledge about, and Attitudes Toward Computers."
JAMIA	Knowing What To Do: International Perspectives on the Roles of Clinical Guidelines and Patient Preferences in Patient Care.	Patricia Flatley Brennan	1998	Knowing What To Do: International Perspectives on the Roles of Clinical Guidelines and Patient Preferences in Patient Care.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Identifying Adverse Drug Events: Development of a Computer-based Monitor and Comparison with Chart Review and Stimulated Voluntary Report.	Ashish K. Jha,Gilad J. Kuperman,Jonathan M. Teich,Lucian Leape,Brian Shea,Eve Rittenberg,Elisabeth Burdick,Diane L. Seger,Martha Vander Vliet,David W. Bates	1998	Research Paper: Identifying Adverse Drug Events: Development of a Computer-based Monitor and Comparison with Chart Review and Stimulated Voluntary Report.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Use of Multimedia in the Informed Consent Process.	Holly B. Jimison,Paul Phillip Sher,Richard Appleyard,Yvonne LeVernois	1998	Research Paper: The Use of Multimedia in the Informed Consent Process.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Granularity of Medical Narratives and Its Effect on the Speed and Completeness of Information Retrieval.	Huibert J. Tange,Harry C. Schouten,Arnold D. M. Kester,Arie Hasman	1998	Research Paper: The Granularity of Medical Narratives and Its Effect on the Speed and Completeness of Information Retrieval.
JAMIA	Review: Representing Thoughts, Words, and Things in the UMLS.	Keith E. Campbell,Diane E. Oliver,Kent A. Spackman,Edward H. Shortliffe	1998	Review: Representing Thoughts, Words, and Things in the UMLS.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Case Study of the Evolving Software Architecture for the FDA Generic Drug Application Process.	Kip Canfield,Michele Ritondo,Richard Sponaugle	1998	Application of Information Technology: A Case Study of the Evolving Software Architecture for the FDA Generic Drug Application Process.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Simulating an Integrated Critiquing System.	Manon M. Kuilboer,Johan van der Lei,Johan C. de Jongste,Shelley E. Overbeek,Ben Ponsioen,Jan H. van Bemmel	1998	Research Paper: Simulating an Integrated Critiquing System.
JAMIA	Nursing Informatics 1997 Postconference on Patient Guidelines and Clinical Practice Guidelines: The State of Our Knowledge and a Vision.	Susan J. Grobe	1998	Nursing Informatics 1997 Postconference on Patient Guidelines and Clinical Practice Guidelines: The State of Our Knowledge and a Vision.
JAMIA	Research Paper: An Experiment Comparing Lexical and Statistical Methods for Extracting MeSH Terms from Clinical Free Text.	Gregory F. Cooper,Randolph A. Miller	1998	Research Paper: An Experiment Comparing Lexical and Statistical Methods for Extracting MeSH Terms from Clinical Free Text.
JAMIA	Brief Review: International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP): Most-frequently Asked Questions.	Judith J. Warren,Amy Coenen	1998	Brief Review: International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP): Most-frequently Asked Questions.
JAMIA	Clinical Information Systems - What Is the Bottom Line?	Antoine Geissbühler	1998	Clinical Information Systems - What Is the Bottom Line?
JAMIA	Research Paper: Motivation and Organizational Principles for Anatomical Knowledge Representation: The Digital Anatomist Symbolic Knowledge Base.	Cornelius Rosse,José L. V. Mejino Jr.,Bharath R. Modayur,Rex M. Jakobovits,Kevin P. Hinshaw,James F. Brinkley	1998	Research Paper: Motivation and Organizational Principles for Anatomical Knowledge Representation: The Digital Anatomist Symbolic Knowledge Base.
JAMIA	Case Report: Evaluation of the Unified Medical Language System as a Medical Knowledge Source.	Olivier Bodenreider,Anita Burgun,Geneviève Botti,Marius Fieschi,Pierre Le Beux,François Kohler	1998	Case Report: Evaluation of the Unified Medical Language System as a Medical Knowledge Source.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Implementing Clinical Guidelines: How Can Informatics Help?	Lesley Duff,Anne Casey	1998	Viewpoint: Implementing Clinical Guidelines: How Can Informatics Help?
JAMIA	Research Paper: Participatory Design of Information Systems in Health Care.	Cecilia Sjöberg,Toomas Timpka	1998	Research Paper: Participatory Design of Information Systems in Health Care.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Systematic Assessment of World Wide Web Materials for Medical Education: Online, Cooperative Peer Review.	Elizabeth Berry,Christine Parker-Jones,Richard G. Jones,Patrick J. R. Harkin,Harold O. Horsfall,Joseph A. Nicholls,Nicholas J. A. Cook	1998	Research Paper: Systematic Assessment of World Wide Web Materials for Medical Education: Online, Cooperative Peer Review.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Template-based Approach to Support Utilization of Clinical Practice Guidelines Within an Electronic Health Record.	Suzanne Bakken Henry,Kathy Douglas,Grace Galzagorry,Anne Lahey,William L. Holzemer	1998	Application of Information Technology: A Template-based Approach to Support Utilization of Clinical Practice Guidelines Within an Electronic Health Record.
JAMIA	Forum Paper: How Should We Organize to Informatics?: Report of the ACMI Debate at the 1997 AMIA Fall Symposium.	Charles P. Friedman,Mark E. Frisse,Mark A. Musen,Warner V. Slack,William W. Stead	1998	Forum Paper: How Should We Organize to Informatics?: Report of the ACMI Debate at the 1997 AMIA Fall Symposium.
JAMIA	Review: Online Practice Guidelines: Issues, Obstacles, and Future Prospects.	Rita D. Zielstorff	1998	Review: Online Practice Guidelines: Issues, Obstacles, and Future Prospects.
JAMIA	"White Paper: The Challenge of Meeting Patients' Needs with a National Nursing Informatics Agenda."	Carole A. Gassert	1998	"White Paper: The Challenge of Meeting Patients' Needs with a National Nursing Informatics Agenda."
JAMIA	Medical Informatics - On the Path Toward Universal Truths.	William W. Stead	1998	Medical Informatics - On the Path Toward Universal Truths.
JAMIA	Review: A Review of Major Nursing Vocabularies and the Extent to Which They Have the Characteristics Required for Implementation in Computer-based Systems.	Suzanne Bakken Henry,Judith J. Warren,Linda Lange,Patricia Button	1998	Review: A Review of Major Nursing Vocabularies and the Extent to Which They Have the Characteristics Required for Implementation in Computer-based Systems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Reducing Vancomycin Use Utilizing a Computer Guideline: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.	"Kaveh G. Shojania,Deborah Yokoe,Richard Platt,Julie M. Fiskio,Nell Ma'Luf,David W. Bates"	1998	Research Paper: Reducing Vancomycin Use Utilizing a Computer Guideline: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Informing Patients: A Guide for Providing Patient Health Information.	Paul C. Tang,Carol Newcomb	1998	Research Paper: Informing Patients: A Guide for Providing Patient Health Information.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Directions for Clinical Research and Genomic Research into the Next Decade: Implications for Informatics.	Thomas C. Rindfleisch,Douglas L. Brutlag	1998	Viewpoint: Directions for Clinical Research and Genomic Research into the Next Decade: Implications for Informatics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Representing Clinical Guidelines in GLIF: Individual and Collaborative Expertise.	Vimla L. Patel,Vanessa G. Allen,José F. Arocha,Edward H. Shortliffe	1998	Research Paper: Representing Clinical Guidelines in GLIF: Individual and Collaborative Expertise.
JAMIA	Review: Improving Health Care by Understanding Patient Preferences: The Role of Computer Technology.	Patricia Flatley Brennan,Indiana Strombom	1998	Review: Improving Health Care by Understanding Patient Preferences: The Role of Computer Technology.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Interactive Computerized Health Care Education.	Susan Weber McRoy,Alfredo Liu-Perez,Syed S. Ali	1998	Application of Technology: Interactive Computerized Health Care Education.
JAMIA	"It's the Information That's Important, Not the Technology."	William W. Stead	1998	"It's the Information That's Important, Not the Technology."
JAMIA	Technical Milestone: The Unified Medical Language System: An Informatics Research Collaboration.	Betsy L. Humphreys,Donald A. B. Lindberg,Harold M. Schoolman,G. Octo Barnett	1998	Technical Milestone: The Unified Medical Language System: An Informatics Research Collaboration.
JAMIA	"Viewpoint: An Anthropologist's Viewpoint: Observations and Commentary Regarding ""Implementation of Nursing Vocabularies in Computer-based Systems""."	Diana Forsythe	1998	"Viewpoint: An Anthropologist's Viewpoint: Observations and Commentary Regarding ""Implementation of Nursing Vocabularies in Computer-based Systems""."
JAMIA	White Paper: Audacious Goals for Health and Biomedical Informatics in the New Millennium.	Robert A. Greenes,Nancy M. Lorenzi	1998	White Paper: Audacious Goals for Health and Biomedical Informatics in the New Millennium.
JAMIA	Position Paper: A Framework for Comprehensive Health Terminology Systems in the United States: Development Guidelines, Criteria for Selection, and Public Policy Implications.	Christopher G. Chute,Simon P. Cohn,James R. Campbell	1998	Position Paper: A Framework for Comprehensive Health Terminology Systems in the United States: Development Guidelines, Criteria for Selection, and Public Policy Implications.
JAMIA	Funding for Nursing Vocabularies.	Milton Corn	1998	Funding for Nursing Vocabularies.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Then and Now and When.	Harold M. Schoolman	1998	Viewpoint: Then and Now and When.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Managing Attribute-Value Clinical Trials Data Using the ACT/DB Client-Server Database System.	Prakash M. Nadkarni,Cynthia Brandt,Sandra J. Frawley,Frederick G. Sayward,Robin Einbinder,Daniel Zelterman,Lee Schacter,Perry L. Miller	1998	Application of Technology: Managing Attribute-Value Clinical Trials Data Using the ACT/DB Client-Server Database System.
JAMIA	Responsibilities of Authorship.	Beverley Kane	1998	Responsibilities of Authorship.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Effects of Computer-based Prescribing on Pharmacist Work Patterns.	Michael D. Murray,Bonnie Loos,Wanzhu Tu,George J. Eckert,Xiao-Hua Zhou,William M. Tierney	1998	Research Paper: Effects of Computer-based Prescribing on Pharmacist Work Patterns.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Networked Health Enterprise: A Vision for 2008.	William W. Stead	1998	Viewpoint: The Networked Health Enterprise: A Vision for 2008.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Structure of Medical Informatics Journal Literature.	Theodore A. Morris,Katherine W. McCain	1998	Research Paper: The Structure of Medical Informatics Journal Literature.
JAMIA	A Focus on Implementing Nursing Vocabularies.	Carole A. Gassert	1998	A Focus on Implementing Nursing Vocabularies.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Read Code Quality Assurance: From Simple Syntax to Semantic Stability.	Erich B. Schulz,James W. Barrett,Colin Price	1998	Application of Technology: Read Code Quality Assurance: From Simple Syntax to Semantic Stability.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: An Informatics-based Chronic Disease Practice: Case Study of a 35-year Computer-based Longitudinal Record System.	Robert A. Nordyke,Casimir A. Kulikowski	1998	Synthesis of Research: An Informatics-based Chronic Disease Practice: Case Study of a 35-year Computer-based Longitudinal Record System.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: (Bio)Medical Informatics in the Next Decade.	Thomas C. Rindfleisch	1998	Viewpoint: (Bio)Medical Informatics in the Next Decade.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Challenges and Issues Related to Implementation of Nursing Vocabularies in Computer-based Systems.	Patricia Button,Ida M. Androwich,Lyn Hibben,Valeria Kern,Gay Madden,Karen Marek,Bonnie L. Westra,Chris Zingo,Charles N. Mead	1998	Viewpoint: Challenges and Issues Related to Implementation of Nursing Vocabularies in Computer-based Systems.
JAMIA	Review Paper: A Comparison of Nursing Minimal Data Sets.	William T. F. Goossen,Paul J. M. M. Epping,Ton Feuth,Theo W. N. Dassen,Arie Hasman,Wim J. A. van den Heuvel	1998	Review Paper: A Comparison of Nursing Minimal Data Sets.
JAMIA	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Donald A. B. Lindberg, MD.	Daniel R. Masys	1998	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Donald A. B. Lindberg, MD.
JAMIA	Research Paper: How Promptly Are Inpatients Treated for Critical Laboratory Results?	"Gilad J. Kuperman,Debbie Boyle,Ashish K. Jha,Eve Rittenberg,Nell Ma'Luf,Milenko Tanasijevic,Jonathan M. Teich,James Winkelman,David W. Bates"	1998	Research Paper: How Promptly Are Inpatients Treated for Critical Laboratory Results?
JAMIA	Technical Milestone: Development of the Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) Vocabulary.	Stanley M. Huff,Roberto A. Rocha,Clement J. McDonald,Georges J. E. De Moor,Tom Fiers,W. Dean Bidgood Jr.,Arden W. Forrey,William G. Francis,Wayne R. Tracy,Dennis Leavelle,Frank Stalling,Brian Griffin,Pat Maloney,Diane Leland,Linda Charles,Kathy Hutchins,John Baenziger	1998	Technical Milestone: Development of the Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) Vocabulary.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Evaluation of a ""Lexically Assign, Logically Refine"" Strategy for Semi-automated Integration of Overlapping Terminologies."	Robert H. Dolin,Stanley M. Huff,Roberto A. Rocha,Kent A. Spackman,Keith E. Campbell	1998	"Research Paper: Evaluation of a ""Lexically Assign, Logically Refine"" Strategy for Semi-automated Integration of Overlapping Terminologies."
JAMIA	Model Formulation: UMLS-based Conceptual Queries to Biomedical Information Databases: An Overview of the Project ARIANE.	Michel Joubert,Marius Fieschi,Jean-Jacques Robert,Françoise Volot,Dominique Fieschi	1998	Model Formulation: UMLS-based Conceptual Queries to Biomedical Information Databases: An Overview of the Project ARIANE.
JAMIA	Case Report: Infrastructure for Reaching Disadvantaged Consumers: Telecommunications in Rural and Remote Nursing in Australia.	Evelyn J. S. Hovenga,Joe Hovel,Jeanette Klotz,Patricia Robins	1998	Case Report: Infrastructure for Reaching Disadvantaged Consumers: Telecommunications in Rural and Remote Nursing in Australia.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Development of a Hospital Information System Using the TAD Method.	Talib Damij	1998	Research Paper: Development of a Hospital Information System Using the TAD Method.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Modeling Nursing Terminology Using the GRAIL Representation Language.	Nicholas R. Hardiker,Alan L. Rector	1998	Research Paper: Modeling Nursing Terminology Using the GRAIL Representation Language.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Science and Practice: A Case for Medical Informatics as a Local Science of Design.	Vimla L. Patel,David R. Kaufman	1998	Viewpoint: Science and Practice: A Case for Medical Informatics as a Local Science of Design.
JAMIA	White Paper: Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Electronic Mail with Patients.	Beverley Kane,Daniel Z. Sands	1998	White Paper: Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Electronic Mail with Patients.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluating Internet End-to-end Performance: Overview of Test Methodology and Results.	Fred B. Wood,Victor H. Cid,Elliot R. Siegel	1998	Research Paper: Evaluating Internet End-to-end Performance: Overview of Test Methodology and Results.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Arizona Telemedicine Program: Implementing a Statewide Health Care Network.	Kevin M. McNeill,Ronald S. Weinstein,Michael J. Holcomb	1998	Implementation Brief: Arizona Telemedicine Program: Implementing a Statewide Health Care Network.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Syntactic-semantic tagging as a mediator between linguistic representations and formal models: an exercise in linking SNOMED to GALEN.	Werner Ceusters,Jeremy Rogers,Fabrizio Consorti,Angelo Rossi Mori	1999	Syntactic-semantic tagging as a mediator between linguistic representations and formal models: an exercise in linking SNOMED to GALEN.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Applying statistical, uncertainty-based and connectionist approaches to the prediction of fetal outcome: a comparative study.	Amparo Alonso-Betanzos,Eduardo Mosqueira-Rey,Vicente Moret-Bonillo,Belén Baldonedo del Río	1999	Applying statistical, uncertainty-based and connectionist approaches to the prediction of fetal outcome: a comparative study.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evaluation of intelligent prognostic systems for colorectal cancer.	Sarabjot S. Anand,A. E. Smith,P. W. Hamilton,J. S. Anand,John G. Hughes,P. H. Bartels	1999	An evaluation of intelligent prognostic systems for colorectal cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using probabilistic and decision-theoretic methods in treatment and prognosis modeling.	Steen Andreassen,Christian Riekehr,Brian Kristensen,Henrik C. Schønheyder,Leonard Leibovici	1999	Using probabilistic and decision-theoretic methods in treatment and prognosis modeling.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predicting coronary disease risk based on short-term RR interval measurements: a neural network approach.	Francisco Azuaje,Werner Dubitzky,Philippe Lopes,Norman D. Black,Kenneth Adamson,X. Wu,John A. White	1999	Predicting coronary disease risk based on short-term RR interval measurements: a neural network approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Abstraction on clinical data sequences: an object-oriented data model and a query language based on the event calculus.	Carlo Combi,Luca Chittaro	1999	Abstraction on clinical data sequences: an object-oriented data model and a query language based on the event calculus.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using sensitivity analysis for efficient quantification of a belief network.	Veerle M. H. Coupé,Niels Peek,Jaap Ottenkamp,J. Dik F. Habbema	1999	Using sensitivity analysis for efficient quantification of a belief network.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Radial basis function neural networks for the characterization of heart rate variability dynamics.	Anastasios Bezerianos,Stergios Papadimitriou,D. Alexopoulos	1999	Radial basis function neural networks for the characterization of heart rate variability dynamics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	How knowledge drives understandingmatching medical ontologies with the needs of medical language processing.	Udo Hahn,Martin Romacker,Stefan Schulz	1999	How knowledge drives understandingmatching medical ontologies with the needs of medical language processing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Feature selection for optimized skin tumor recognition using genetic algorithms.	Heinz Handels,Th. Roß,Jürgen Kreusch,H. H. Wolff,Siegfried J. Pöppl	1999	Feature selection for optimized skin tumor recognition using genetic algorithms.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The evaluation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood.	Jonathan M. Garibaldi,Jennifer A. Westgate,Emmanuel C. Ifeachor	1999	The evaluation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modelling prognostic power of cardiac tests using rough sets.	Henryk Jan Komorowski,Aleksander Øhrn	1999	Modelling prognostic power of cardiac tests using rough sets.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A methodology for partitioning a vocabulary hierarchy into trees.	Huanying Gu,Yehoshua Perl,James Geller,Michael Halper,Mansnimar Singh	1999	A methodology for partitioning a vocabulary hierarchy into trees.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Analysing and improving the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease with machine learning.	Matjaz Kukar,Igor Kononenko,Ciril Groselj,Katarina Kralj,Jure Fettich	1999	Analysing and improving the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease with machine learning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy diagnosis.	Ludmila Kuncheva,Friedrich Steimann	1999	Fuzzy diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A framework for building cooperative software agents in medical applications.	Giordano Lanzola,Luca Gatti,Sabina Falasconi,Mario Stefanelli	1999	A framework for building cooperative software agents in medical applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Selected techniques for data mining in medicine.	Nada Lavrac	1999	Selected techniques for data mining in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Interhemispheric effects on map organization following simulated cortical lesions.	Svetlana Levitan,James A. Reggia	1999	Interhemispheric effects on map organization following simulated cortical lesions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Diagnostic monitoring in anaesthesia using fuzzy trend templates for matching temporal patterns.	Andrew Lowe,Michael J. Harrison,Richard W. Jones	1999	Diagnostic monitoring in anaesthesia using fuzzy trend templates for matching temporal patterns.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An intelligent system for pacemaker reprogramming.	Peter J. F. Lucas,Astrid Tholen,Geeske van Oort	1999	An intelligent system for pacemaker reprogramming.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Formal description of temporal knowledge in case reports.	Arnoud Van Der Maas,Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede,Pieter De Vries Robbé	1999	Formal description of temporal knowledge in case reports.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Two-Stage Machine Learning model for guideline development.	Subramani Mani,William Rodman Shankle,Malcolm B. Dick,Michael J. Pazzani	1999	Two-Stage Machine Learning model for guideline development.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A neural network approach to the diagnosis of morbidity outcomes in trauma care.	Robert P. Marble,James C. Healy	1999	A neural network approach to the diagnosis of morbidity outcomes in trauma care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evolutionary approach to constructing prognostic models.	Nick Marvin,Mark Bower,Jonathan E. Rowe	1999	An evolutionary approach to constructing prognostic models.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A fuzzy clustering based segmentation system as support to diagnosis in medical imaging.	Francesco Masulli,Andrea Schenone	1999	A fuzzy clustering based segmentation system as support to diagnosis in medical imaging.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Dynamic and static approaches to clinical data mining.	David McSherry	1999	Dynamic and static approaches to clinical data mining.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Obtaining interpretable fuzzy classification rules from medical data.	Detlef Nauck,Rudolf Kruse	1999	Obtaining interpretable fuzzy classification rules from medical data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical data mining using evolutionary computation.	Po Shun Ngan,Man Leung Wong,Wai Lam,Kwong-Sak Leung,Jack C. Y. Cheng	1999	Medical data mining using evolutionary computation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An intelligent framework for the classification of the 12-lead ECG.	Chris D. Nugent,J. A. C. Webb,Norman D. Black,G. T. H. Wright,M. McIntyre	1999	An intelligent framework for the classification of the 12-lead ECG.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using Boolean reasoning to anonymize databases.	Aleksander Øhrn,Lucila Ohno-Machado	1999	Using Boolean reasoning to anonymize databases.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Representation of change in controlled medical terminologies.	Diane E. Oliver,Yuval Shahar,Edward H. Shortliffe,Mark A. Musen	1999	Representation of change in controlled medical terminologies.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Explicit temporal models for decision-theoretic planning of clinical management.	Niels Peek	1999	Explicit temporal models for decision-theoretic planning of clinical management.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A fuzzy-genetic approach to breast cancer diagnosis.	Carlos Andrés Peña-Reyes,Moshe Sipper	1999	A fuzzy-genetic approach to breast cancer diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy pre-processing of gold standards as applied to biomedical spectra classification.	Nicolino J. Pizzi	1999	Fuzzy pre-processing of gold standards as applied to biomedical spectra classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Use of artificial neural networks in modeling associations of discriminant factors: towards an intelligent selective breast cancer screening.	Alvaro L. Ronco	1999	Use of artificial neural networks in modeling associations of discriminant factors: towards an intelligent selective breast cancer screening.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Refining instructional text generation after evaluation.	Fiorella de Rosis,Floriana Grasso,Dianne C. Berry	1999	Refining instructional text generation after evaluation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 3. Nosology.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	1999	Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 3. Nosology.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Advances in fuzzy theory.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	1999	Advances in fuzzy theory.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based prediction in experimental medical studies.	Alexander Seitz,Adelinde Uhrmacher,D. Damm	1999	Case-based prediction in experimental medical studies.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"A problem-solving method for 'unprotocolised' therapy administration task in medicine."	Maria Taboada,Manuel Lama,Senén Barro,Roque Marín,José Mira,Francisco Palacios Ortega	1999	"A problem-solving method for 'unprotocolised' therapy administration task in medicine."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The determination of three subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus women with artificial neural networks and factor analysis.	Erwin Tafeit,Reinhard Möller,Karl Sudi,Gilbert Reibnegger	1999	The determination of three subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus women with artificial neural networks and factor analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A qualitative process system for modeling NF-kB and AP-1 gene regulation in immune cell biology research.	Robert B. Trelease,Richard A. Henderson,Jack B. Park	1999	A qualitative process system for modeling NF-kB and AP-1 gene regulation in immune cell biology research.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A study of PROforma, a development methodology for clinical procedures.	Arjen Vollebregt,Annette ten Teije,Frank van Harmelen,Johan van der Lei,Mees Mosseveld	1999	A study of PROforma, a development methodology for clinical procedures.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Coherence of multiscale features for enhancement of digital mammograms.	Chun-Ming Chang,Andrew Laine	1999	Coherence of multiscale features for enhancement of digital mammograms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A pacemaker working status telemonitoring algorithm.	Jing Bai,Jianwu Lin	1999	A pacemaker working status telemonitoring algorithm.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Neuroinformatics as a megascience issue.	Francesco Beltrame,Stephen H. Koslow	1999	Neuroinformatics as a megascience issue.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Information technology applications in biomedical functional imaging.	David Dagan Feng	1999	Information technology applications in biomedical functional imaging.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"Telecommunication in healthcare for a better coordination between hospitals and GP's: routine application of the ""ISAR-Telematics"" project."	Régis Beuscart,Jean-Marie Renard,D. Delerue,A. Souf	1999	"Telecommunication in healthcare for a better coordination between hospitals and GP's: routine application of the ""ISAR-Telematics"" project."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) in biomedical signal visualization and processing.	Yannick Bouillon,Fabrice Wendling,F. Bartolomei	1999	Computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) in biomedical signal visualization and processing.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	CRIGOS: a compact robot for image-guided orthopedic surgery.	G. Brandt,Andreas Zimolong,Lionel Carrat,Philippe Merloz,H.-W. Staudte,Stéphane Lavallée,Klaus Radermacher,Günther Rau	1999	CRIGOS: a compact robot for image-guided orthopedic surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial.	Peter N. Brett,Brian L. Davies	1999	Guest editorial.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Rapid automated tracing and feature extraction from retinal fundus images using direct exploratory algorithms.	Ali Can,Hong Shen,James N. Turner,Howard L. Tanenbaum,Badrinath Roysam	1999	Rapid automated tracing and feature extraction from retinal fundus images using direct exploratory algorithms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Alignment of adjacent picture frames captured by a CLSM.	Martin Capek,Ivan Krekule	1999	Alignment of adjacent picture frames captured by a CLSM.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual surgery in a (tele-)radiology framework.	Gerald-P. Glombitza,Harald Evers,Stefan Haßfeld,Uwe Engelmann,Hans-Peter Meinzer	1999	Virtual surgery in a (tele-)radiology framework.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A computer-assisted training/monitoring system for TURP structure and design.	M. P. S. F. Gomes,Adrian R. W. Barrett,A. G. Timoney,Brian L. Davies	1999	A computer-assisted training/monitoring system for TURP structure and design.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Analysis of trabecular bone structure using Fourier transforms and neural networks.	Jenny S. Gregory,R. M. Junold,Peter E. Undrill,Richard M. Aspen	1999	Analysis of trabecular bone structure using Fourier transforms and neural networks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Evaluation of telemedical services.	R. Holle,Gudrun Zahlmann	1999	Evaluation of telemedical services.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedical information systems.	Alexander Horsch,Thomas Balbach	1999	Telemedical information systems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedicine and terminology: different needs of context information.	Josef Ingenerf	1999	Telemedicine and terminology: different needs of context information.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedicine in the United Kingdom: current status and future prospects.	Robert S. H. Istepanian	1999	Telemedicine in the United Kingdom: current status and future prospects.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Context-based lossless and near-lossless compression of EEG signals.	Nasir D. Memon,Xuan Kong,J. Cinkler	1999	Context-based lossless and near-lossless compression of EEG signals.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automatic retinal image registration scheme using global optimization techniques.	George K. Matsopoulos,Nicolaos A. Mouravliansky,Konstantinos K. Delibasis,Konstantina S. Nikita	1999	Automatic retinal image registration scheme using global optimization techniques.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The display of photographic-quality images on the Web: a comparison of two technologies.	Chiang S. Jao,Daniel B. Hier,S. U. Brint	1999	The display of photographic-quality images on the Web: a comparison of two technologies.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Interactive 3-D virtual colonoscopy system.	Tong-Yee Lee,Ping-Hsien Lin,Chao-Hung Lin,Yung-Nien Sun,Xi-Zhang Lin	1999	Interactive 3-D virtual colonoscopy system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Tactical audio and acoustic rendering in biomedical applications.	Emil Jovanov,Kristen Wegner,Vlada Radivojevic,Dusan Starcevic,M. S. Quinn,Daniel B. Karron	1999	Tactical audio and acoustic rendering in biomedical applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Three-dimensional facial model reconstruction and plastic surgery simulation.	Tong-Yee Lee,Yung-Nien Sun,Yung-Ching Lin,Leewen Lin,Chungnan Lee	1999	Three-dimensional facial model reconstruction and plastic surgery simulation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Estimation of the stapes-bone thickness in the stapedotomy surgical procedure using a machine-learning technique.	Vassilis G. Kaburlasos,Vassilios Petridis,Peter N. Brett,Dave A. Baker	1999	Estimation of the stapes-bone thickness in the stapedotomy surgical procedure using a machine-learning technique.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Wavelet image compression - the quadtree coding approach.	Adrian Munteanu,Jan Cornelis,Geert Van Der Auwera,Paul Cristea	1999	Wavelet image compression - the quadtree coding approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	DNA ploidy and cell cycle distribution of breast cancer aspirate cells measured by image cytometry and analyzed by artificial neural networks for their prognostic significance.	Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib,Harsa Amylia Mat Sakim,M. S. Lakshmi,V. Wadehra,T. W. J. Lennard,J. Bhatavdekar,G. V. Sherbet	1999	DNA ploidy and cell cycle distribution of breast cancer aspirate cells measured by image cytometry and analyzed by artificial neural networks for their prognostic significance.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Design and implementation of a novel compression method in a tele-ultrasound system.	Xiaojuan Li,Guangshu Hu,Shangkai Gao	1999	Design and implementation of a novel compression method in a tele-ultrasound system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Interactive 3D registration of ultrasound and magnetic resonance images based on a magnetic position sensor.	N. Pagoulatos,W. S. Edwards,David R. Haynor,Yongmin Kim	1999	Interactive 3D registration of ultrasound and magnetic resonance images based on a magnetic position sensor.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Designing and implementing the transition to a fully digital hospital.	S. A. Pavlopoulos,A. N. Delopoulos	1999	Designing and implementing the transition to a fully digital hospital.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	AIM: attentionally based interaction model for the interpretation of vascular angiography.	Francis K. H. Quek,Cemil Kirbas,Fady T. Charbel	1999	AIM: attentionally based interaction model for the interpretation of vascular angiography.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Pain relief using smart technology: an overview of a new patient-controlled analgesia device.	H. Rudolph,J. S. Packer,J. F. Cade,B. Lee,P. Morley	1999	Pain relief using smart technology: an overview of a new patient-controlled analgesia device.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial.	Gudrun Zahlmann	1999	Guest editorial.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Techniques for development of safety-related software for surgical robots.	P. A. C. Varley	1999	Techniques for development of safety-related software for surgical robots.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Standardized Blood Sampling Scheme in Quantitative FDG-PET Sdudies.	"M'hamed Bentourkia,Anne Bol,Adrian Ivanoiu,Christian Michel,Ann Coppens,Merence Sibomana,Guy Consnard,Anne G. De Volder"	1999	A Standardized Blood Sampling Scheme in Quantitative FDG-PET Sdudies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Energy Dependence of Nonstationary Scatter Subtraction - Restoration in High Resolution PET.	"M'hamed Bentourkia,Roger Lecomte"	1999	Energy Dependence of Nonstationary Scatter Subtraction - Restoration in High Resolution PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Region Tracking on Level-Sets Methods.	Marcelo Bertalmío,Guillermo Sapiro,Gregory Randall	1999	Region Tracking on Level-Sets Methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Template Filtering for Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.	C. B. Ahn,Y. C. Song,D. J. Park	1999	Adaptive Template Filtering for Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Extraction and Tracking of the Tongue Contours.	Yusuf Sinan Akgul,Chandra Kambhamettu,Maureen C. Stone	1999	Automatic Extraction and Tracking of the Tongue Contours.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Single and multiscale detection of masses in digital mammograms.	G. M. te Brake,Nico Karssemeijer	1999	Single and multiscale detection of masses in digital mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On the Laplace-Beltrami Operator and Brain Surface Flattening.	Sigurd Angenent,Steven Haker,Allen Tannenbaum,Ron Kikinis	1999	On the Laplace-Beltrami Operator and Brain Surface Flattening.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Activation Detection in Functional MRI Using Subspace Modeling and Maximum Likelihood Estimation.	Babak A. Ardekani,Jeff Kershaw,Kenichi Kashikura,Iwao Kanno	1999	Activation Detection in Functional MRI Using Subspace Modeling and Maximum Likelihood Estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Classifying Mammographic Lesion Shapes Using Multiresolution Analysis.	Lori M. Bruce,Reza R. Adhami	1999	Classifying Mammographic Lesion Shapes Using Multiresolution Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Approach for Nonlinear Distortion Correction in Endoscopic Images Based on Least Squares Estimation.	K. Vijayan Asari,Sanjiv Kumar,D. Radhakrishnan	1999	A New Approach for Nonlinear Distortion Correction in Endoscopic Images Based on Least Squares Estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An EM-Algorithm for Dynamic SPECT.	Heinz H. Bauschke,Dominikus Noll,Anna Celler,Jonathan M. Borwein	1999	An EM-Algorithm for Dynamic SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Global, Voxel and Cluster Tests, by Theory and Permutation, for a Difference Between Two Groups of Structural MR Images of the Brain.	Edward T. Bullmore,John Suckling,Stephan Overmeyer,Sophia Robe-Hesketh,Eric Taylor,Michael J. Brammer	1999	Global, Voxel and Cluster Tests, by Theory and Permutation, for a Difference Between Two Groups of Structural MR Images of the Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation and Detection of Myocardial Tags in MR image Without User-Defined Myocardial Contours.	Thomas S. Denney Jr.	1999	Estimation and Detection of Myocardial Tags in MR image Without User-Defined Myocardial Contours.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A theoretical study of the contrast recovery and variance of MAP reconstructions from PET data.	Jinyi Qi,Richard M. Leahy	1999	A theoretical study of the contrast recovery and variance of MAP reconstructions from PET data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Validation of an Optical Flow Method for Tag Displacement Estimation.	Lawrence Dougherty,Jane C. Asmuth,Aaron S. Blom,Leon Axel,Rakesh Kumar	1999	Validation of an Optical Flow Method for Tag Displacement Estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Predictive MAR Models for the Medical Image Compression.	Zuo-Dian Chen,Ruey-Feng Chang,Wen-Jia Kuo	1999	Adaptive Predictive MAR Models for the Medical Image Compression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of Lines and Boundaries in Speckle Images - Application to Medical Ultrasound.	"Richard N. Czerwinski,Douglas L. Jones,William D. O'Brien Jr."	1999	Detection of Lines and Boundaries in Speckle Images - Application to Medical Ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Monotonic Algorithms for Transmission Tomography.	Hakan Erdogan,Jeffrey A. Fessler	1999	Fast Monotonic Algorithms for Transmission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model Free Functional MRI Analysis Using Kohonen Clustering Neural Network.	Kai-Hsiang Chuang,Ming-Jang Chiu,Chung-Chih Lin,Kou-Mou Huang,Pei-Jen Chiang,Jyh-Horng Chen	1999	Model Free Functional MRI Analysis Using Kohonen Clustering Neural Network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic 3D Segmentation of Internal Structures on the Head in MR Images Using a Combination of Similarity and Free Form Transormations: Part I, Metholody and Validation on Normal Subjects.	Benoit M. Dawant,S. L. Hartmann,Jean-Philippe Thirion,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,P. Demaerel	1999	Automatic 3D Segmentation of Internal Structures on the Head in MR Images Using a Combination of Similarity and Free Form Transormations: Part I, Metholody and Validation on Normal Subjects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Retrospective Motion Correction in Digital Subtraction Angiography: A Review""."	Robert A. Close,James S. Whiting	1999	"Retrospective Motion Correction in Digital Subtraction Angiography: A Review""."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-Based Quantitation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Angiographic Images.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Wiro J. Niessen,Romhild M. Hoogeveen,Theo van Walsum,Max A. Viergever	1999	Model-Based Quantitation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Angiographic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomographic Measurements During Volume Controlled Ventilation - Effects of Tidal Volume and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure.	Inéz Frerichs,Günter Hahn,Gerhard Hellige	1999	Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomographic Measurements During Volume Controlled Ventilation - Effects of Tidal Volume and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical conductivity imaging via contactless measurements.	Nevzat G. Gencer,M. N. Tek	1999	Electrical conductivity imaging via contactless measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Extraction and Variability Analysis of Sulcal Neuroanatomy.	Georges Le Goualher,Emmanuel Procyk,D. Louis Collins,Raghu Venugopal,Christian Barillot,Alan C. Evans	1999	Automated Extraction and Variability Analysis of Sulcal Neuroanatomy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Task-Specific Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Image Interpolation Techniques.	George J. Grevera,Jayaram K. Udupa,Yukio Miki	1999	A Task-Specific Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Image Interpolation Techniques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	CT reconstruction by using the MLS-ART technique and the KCD imaging system.	Huaiqun Guan,M. Waleed Gaber,Frank A. DiBianca,Yunping Zhu	1999	CT reconstruction by using the MLS-ART technique and the KCD imaging system.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Classification of Malignant and Benign Masses Based on Hybrid ART2LDA Approach.	Lubomir M. Hadjiiski,Berkman Sahiner,Heang-Ping Chan,Nicholas Petrick,Mark A. Helvie	1999	Classification of Malignant and Benign Masses Based on Hybrid ART2LDA Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Biomedical Modeling of the Human Head for Physically-based, Non-rigid Image Registration.	Alexander Hagemann,Karl Rohr,H. Siegfried Stiehl,Uwe Spetzger,Joachim M. Gilsbach	1999	Biomedical Modeling of the Human Head for Physically-based, Non-rigid Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Differential Index Assignment Scheme for the Encoder with Tree-Structure Vector Quantizer.	Jong-Ki Han,Hyung-Myung Kim	1999	A Differential Index Assignment Scheme for the Encoder with Tree-Structure Vector Quantizer.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-Scale Nonlinear Thresholding for Ultrasonic Speckle Suppression.	Xiaohui Hao,Shangkai Gao,Xiaorong Gao	1999	Multi-Scale Nonlinear Thresholding for Ultrasonic Speckle Suppression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-Based Morphological Segmentation and Labeling of Coronary Angiograms.	Kostas Haris,Serafim N. Efstratiadis,Niclos Maglaveros,John Gourassas,George Louridas	1999	Model-Based Morphological Segmentation and Labeling of Coronary Angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Iterative Reconstruction of Single-Shot Spiral MRI with Off-Resonance.	Todd B. Harshbarger,Donald B. Twieg	1999	Iterative Reconstruction of Single-Shot Spiral MRI with Off-Resonance.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic 3D segmentation of internal structures of the head in MR images using a combination of similarity and free form transformations Part II, validation on severely atrophied brains.	S. L. Hartmann,M. H. Parks,P. R. Martin,Benoit M. Dawant	1999	Automatic 3D segmentation of internal structures of the head in MR images using a combination of similarity and free form transformations Part II, validation on severely atrophied brains.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Gradient-Based Iterative Image Reconstruction Scheme for Time-Resolved Optical Tomography.	Andreas H. Hielscher,Alexander D. Klose,Kenneth M. Hanson	1999	Gradient-Based Iterative Image Reconstruction Scheme for Time-Resolved Optical Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection Film-Screen Artefacts in Mammography Using a Model-Based Approach.	Ralph Highnam,Michael Brady,Ruth E. English	1999	Detection Film-Screen Artefacts in Mammography Using a Model-Based Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Artifact Induced by Projection Weighting and Misalignment.	Jiang Hsieh	1999	Three-Dimensional Artifact Induced by Projection Weighting and Misalignment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatio-Temporal Tracking of Myocardial Deformation with a 4D B-Spline Model from Tagged MRI.	Jiantao Huang,Dana Abendschein,Victor G. Dávila-Román,Amir A. Amini	1999	Spatio-Temporal Tracking of Myocardial Deformation with a 4D B-Spline Model from Tagged MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images Using Fuzzy Algorithms for Learning Vector Quantization.	Nicolaos B. Karayiannis,Pin-I Pai	1999	Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images Using Fuzzy Algorithms for Learning Vector Quantization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Elastic Model-Based Segmentation of 3-D Neuroradiological Data Sets.	András Kelemen,Gábor Székely,Guido Gerig	1999	Elastic Model-Based Segmentation of 3-D Neuroradiological Data Sets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Application of Bayesian Inference to fMRI Data Analysis.	Jeff Kershaw,Babak A. Ardekani,Iwao Kanno	1999	Application of Bayesian Inference to fMRI Data Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical Textural Features for Detection of Microcalcifications in Digitized Mammograms.	Jong-Kook Kim,Hyun Wook Park	1999	Statistical Textural Features for Detection of Microcalcifications in Digitized Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Enhancing the Multivariate Signal of [15O] water PET Studies with a New Non-Linear Neuroanatomical Registration Algorithm.	Ulrik Kjems,Stephen C. Strother,Jon Anderson,Ian Law,Lars Kai Hansen	1999	Enhancing the Multivariate Signal of [15O] water PET Studies with a New Non-Linear Neuroanatomical Registration Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computerized Detection of Malignant Tumors on Digital Mammograms.	Hidefumi Kobatake,Masayuki Murakami,Hideya Takeo,Shigeru Nawano	1999	Computerized Detection of Malignant Tumors on Digital Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Abdominal organ segmentation using texture transforms and a Hopfield neural network.	J. E. Koss,F. D. Newman,T. K. Johnson,D. L. Kirch	1999	Abdominal organ segmentation using texture transforms and a Hopfield neural network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multiobjective Genetic Optimization of Diagnostic Classifiers with Implications for Generating ROC Curves.	Matthew A. Kupinski,Mark A. Anastasio	1999	Multiobjective Genetic Optimization of Diagnostic Classifiers with Implications for Generating ROC Curves.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	MRI Simulation Based Evaluation and Classifications Methods.	Remi K.-S. Kwan,Alan C. Evans,G. Bruce Pike	1999	MRI Simulation Based Evaluation and Classifications Methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonlinear elastic registration of brain images with tumor pathology using a biomechanical model [MRI].	Stelios K. Kyriacou,Christos Davatzikos,S. James Zinreich,R. Nick Bryan	1999	Nonlinear elastic registration of brain images with tumor pathology using a biomechanical model [MRI].
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fourier Rebinning Applied to Multi-Planar Circular-Orbit Cone-Beam SPECT.	David S. Lalush	1999	Fourier Rebinning Applied to Multi-Planar Circular-Orbit Cone-Beam SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Calculation of Attenuation Factors from Combined Singles and Coincidence Emission Projections.	Charles M. Laymon,Timothy G. Turkington	1999	Calculation of Attenuation Factors from Combined Singles and Coincidence Emission Projections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated model-based bias field correction of MR images of the brain.	Koen Van Leemput,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Paul Suetens	1999	Automated model-based bias field correction of MR images of the brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Model-Based Tissue Classification of MR Images of the Brain.	Koen Van Leemput,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Paul Suetens	1999	Automated Model-Based Tissue Classification of MR Images of the Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Survey: Interpolation Methods in Medical Image Processing.	Thomas Martin Lehmann,Claudia Gönner,Klaus Spitzer	1999	Survey: Interpolation Methods in Medical Image Processing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anatomical Model Matching With Fuzzy Implicit Surfaces for Segmentation of Thoracic Volume Scans.	Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt,Rob J. van der Geest,M. Ramze Rezaee,Johan G. Bosch,Johan H. C. Reiber	1999	Anatomical Model Matching With Fuzzy Implicit Surfaces for Segmentation of Thoracic Volume Scans.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative Spectral/Spatial Analysis of Phased Array Coil in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Method of Moment.	Fa-hsuan Lin,Wei-peng Kuan,Shyh-kang Heng,Jyh-horng Chen	1999	Quantitative Spectral/Spatial Analysis of Phased Array Coil in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Method of Moment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact Rebinning Methods of 3D PET.	Xuan Liu,Michel Defrise,Christian Michel,Merence Sibomana,Claude Comtat,Paul E. Kinahan,David W. Townsend	1999	Exact Rebinning Methods of 3D PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of 3D Geometry Using 2D Profiles and a Geometric Prior Model.	Jyrki Lötjönen,Isabelle E. Magnin,Jukka Nenonen,Toivo Katila	1999	Reconstruction of 3D Geometry Using 2D Profiles and a Geometric Prior Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracking the Left Ventricle in Echocardiographic Images by Learning Heart Dynamics.	Sotiris Malassiotis,Michael G. Strintzis	1999	Tracking the Left Ventricle in Echocardiographic Images by Learning Heart Dynamics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Lagrangian speckle model and tissue-motion estimation-theory [ultrasonography].	Roch Listz Maurice,Michel Bertrand	1999	Lagrangian speckle model and tissue-motion estimation-theory [ultrasonography].
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Topology Adaptive Deformable Surfaces for Medical Image Volume Segmentation.	Tim McInerney,Demetri Terzopoulos	1999	Topology Adaptive Deformable Surfaces for Medical Image Volume Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonactive Antenna Compensation for Fixed Array Microwave Imaging: Part II - Imaging Results.	Paul M. Meaney,Keith D. Paulsen,John T. Chang,Margaret Fanning,Alex Hartov	1999	Nonactive Antenna Compensation for Fixed Array Microwave Imaging: Part II - Imaging Results.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Retrospective Motion Correction in Digital Subtraction Angiography: A Review.	Erik H. W. Meijering,Wiro J. Niessen,Max A. Viergever	1999	Retrospective Motion Correction in Digital Subtraction Angiography: A Review.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reversible Compression of MR Images.	Marius Midtvik,Ingvil Hovig	1999	Reversible Compression of MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-Updated Image Guidance: Initial Clinical Experiences with Gravity-Induced Brain Deformation.	Michael I. Miga,Keith D. Paulsen,John M. Lemery,Symma D. Eisner,Alexander Hartov,Francis E. Kennedy,David W. Roberts	1999	Model-Updated Image Guidance: Initial Clinical Experiences with Gravity-Induced Brain Deformation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Acoustic Noise Analysis in Echo Planar Imaging: Multi-center Trial and Comparison With Other Pulse Sequences.	Tosiaki Miyati,Tatsuo Banno,Hiroshi Fujita,Mitsuhito Mase,Hiroyuki Narita,Masayoshi Imazawa,Satoru Ohba	1999	Acoustic Noise Analysis in Echo Planar Imaging: Multi-center Trial and Comparison With Other Pulse Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Real-time cardiac MRI using DSPs.	Patrick N. Morgan,Russell J. Iannuzzelli,F. H. Epstein,R. S. Balaban	1999	Real-time cardiac MRI using DSPs.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anti-Aliased 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction of Low-Contrast Objects with Algebraic Methods.	Klaus Mueller,Roni Yagel,John J. Wheller	1999	Anti-Aliased 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction of Low-Contrast Objects with Algebraic Methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Implementation of Algebraic Methods for 3D Reconstruction from Cone-Beam Data.	Klaus Mueller,Roni Yagel,John J. Wheller	1999	Fast Implementation of Algebraic Methods for 3D Reconstruction from Cone-Beam Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet Based Lossless Compression of Coronary Angiography Images.	Adrian Munteanu,Jan Cornelis,Paul Cristea	1999	Wavelet Based Lossless Compression of Coronary Angiography Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generalized Likelihood Ratio Detection for Functional MRI Signal Using Complex Data.	F. Y. Nan,Robert D. Nowak	1999	Generalized Likelihood Ratio Detection for Functional MRI Signal Using Complex Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Scale-Space Signatures for the Detection of Clustered Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms.	Thomas Netsch,Heinz-Otto Peitgen	1999	Scale-Space Signatures for the Detection of Clustered Microcalcifications in Digital Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Simultaneous maximum a-posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms.	Johan Nuyts,Patrick Dupont,Sigrid Stroobants,Roel Benninck,Luc Mortelmans,Paul Suetens	1999	Simultaneous maximum a-posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Use of Ridge Regression for Improved Estimation of Kinetic Constants from PET Data.	"Finbarr O'Sullivan,Angshuman Saha"	1999	Use of Ridge Regression for Improved Estimation of Kinetic Constants from PET Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Models for the Comparative Equivalence of Scattering Properties of Elemental Filters Used in Diagnostic Radiology.	A. A. Okunade,F. O. Ogundare	1999	Models for the Comparative Equivalence of Scattering Properties of Elemental Filters Used in Diagnostic Radiology.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonactive Antenna Compensation for Fixed Array Microwave Imaging Part I - Model Development.	Keith D. Paulsen,Paul M. Meaney	1999	Nonactive Antenna Compensation for Fixed Array Microwave Imaging Part I - Model Development.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Fuzzy Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images.	Dzung L. Pham,Jerry L. Prince	1999	Adaptive Fuzzy Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation, Registration and Measurement of Shape Variation via Image Object Shape.	Stephen M. Pizer,Daniel S. Fritsch,Paul A. Yushkevich,Valen E. Johnson,Edward L. Chaney	1999	Segmentation, Registration and Measurement of Shape Variation via Image Object Shape.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Non-rigid Registration Using Free-form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images.	Daniel Rueckert,L. I. Sonoda,Carmel Hayes,Derek L. G. Hill,Martin O. Leach,David J. Hawkes	1999	Non-rigid Registration Using Free-form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Resampling of Data between Arbitrary Grids Using Convolution Interpolation.	Volker Rasche,Roland Proksa,R. Sinkus,Peter Bornert,Holger Eggers	1999	Resampling of Data between Arbitrary Grids Using Convolution Interpolation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Microwave Imaging Using the Finite Element Method and a Sensitivity Analysis Approach.	Ioannis T. Rekanos,Stavros M. Panas,Theodoros D. Tsiboukis	1999	Microwave Imaging Using the Finite Element Method and a Sensitivity Analysis Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of Stereo and Temporal Images of the Retina.	Nicola Ritter,Robyn A. Owens,James R. Cooper,Robert H. Eikelboom,Paul P. Van Saarloos	1999	Registration of Stereo and Temporal Images of the Retina.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonlinear Multiscale Analysis of 3D Echocardiographic Sequences.	Alessandro Sarti,Karol Mikula,Fiorella Sgallari	1999	Nonlinear Multiscale Analysis of 3D Echocardiographic Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Digitised Dermatoscopic Images by 2D Colour Clustering.	Philippe Schmid	1999	Segmentation of Digitised Dermatoscopic Images by 2D Colour Clustering.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Medical Node Models to Identify and Measure Objects in Real-Time 3D Echocardiography.	George D. Stetten,Stephen M. Pizer	1999	Medical Node Models to Identify and Measure Objects in Real-Time 3D Echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Off-Resonance Correction of MR Images.	Hermann Schomberg	1999	Off-Resonance Correction of MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Characterization of the Geometric Architecture of the Peritalar Joint Complex via MRI: An Aid to Classification of Foot Type.	Eric Stindel,Jayaram K. Udupa,Bruce Elliot Hirsch,Dewey Odhner	1999	A Characterization of the Geometric Architecture of the Peritalar Joint Complex via MRI: An Aid to Classification of Foot Type.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Time-Frequency MEG-MUSIC Algorithm.	Kensuke Sekihara,Srikantan S. Nagarajan,David Poeppel,Yasushi Miyashita	1999	Time-Frequency MEG-MUSIC Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Performance Analysis of Maximum Intensity Projection Algorithm for Display of MRA Images.	Yi Sun,Dennis L. Parker	1999	Performance Analysis of Maximum Intensity Projection Algorithm for Display of MRA Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Medical Images Using LEGION.	Naeem Shareef,DeLiang L. Wang,Roni Yagel	1999	Segmentation of Medical Images Using LEGION.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Shape-based nonrigid correspondence with application to heart motion analysis.	Hemant Tagare	1999	Shape-based nonrigid correspondence with application to heart motion analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Modeling and optimization of rotational C-arm stereoscopic X-ray angiography.	A. S. Talukdar,D. L. Wilson	1999	Modeling and optimization of rotational C-arm stereoscopic X-ray angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mathematical Analysis of Lead Field Expansions.	John G. Taylor,Andreas A. Ioannides,Hans-W. Müller-Gärtner	1999	Mathematical Analysis of Lead Field Expansions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Deformation Analysis to Detect and Quantify Active Lesions in 3D Medical Image Sequences.	Jean-Philippe Thirion,Guillaume Calmon	1999	Deformation Analysis to Detect and Quantify Active Lesions in 3D Medical Image Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Confidence Maps and Confidence Intervals for Near Infrared Images in Breast Cancer.	Tor D. Tosteson,Brian W. Pogue,Eugene Demidenko,Troy O. McBride,Keith D. Paulsen	1999	Confidence Maps and Confidence Intervals for Near Infrared Images in Breast Cancer.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Geometrically Correct 3-D Reconstruction of Intravascular Ultrasound Images by Fusion with Biplane Angiography - Methods and Validation.	Andreas Wahle,Guido P. M. Prause,Steven C. DeJong,Milan Sonka	1999	Geometrically Correct 3-D Reconstruction of Intravascular Ultrasound Images by Fusion with Biplane Angiography - Methods and Validation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Cone-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm for Circle-Plus-Arc Data Acquisition Geometry.	Xiaohui Wang,Ruola Ning	1999	A Cone-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm for Circle-Plus-Arc Data Acquisition Geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Pixel-wise Fusion for Optimizing SNR in Multiple-Plate Computed Radiography Imaging.	Tianpeng Wang,C. C. Shaw,Ching-Chung Li	1999	Pixel-wise Fusion for Optimizing SNR in Multiple-Plate Computed Radiography Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Optimal Image Reconstruction for Dynamic PET.	Miles N. Wernick,E. James Infusino,Milos Milosevic	1999	Fast Optimal Image Reconstruction for Dynamic PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Retrospective Intermodality Registration Techniques for Images of the Head: Surface-based Versus Volume-based.	Jay B. West,J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Matthew Y. Wang,Benoit M. Dawant,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Robert M. Kessler,Robert J. Maciunas	1999	Retrospective Intermodality Registration Techniques for Images of the Head: Surface-based Versus Volume-based.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Perception of Temporally Filtered X-ray Fluoroscopy Images.	David L. Wilson,Kadri N. Jabri,Richard Aufrichtig	1999	Perception of Temporally Filtered X-ray Fluoroscopy Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An adaptive segmentation algorithm for time-of-flight MRA data.	Dale L. Wilson,J. Alison Noble	1999	An adaptive segmentation algorithm for time-of-flight MRA data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Determining X-ray Projections for Coil Treatments of Intracranial Aneurysms.	Dale L. Wilson,Duncan Royston,J. Alison Noble,James V. Byrne	1999	Determining X-ray Projections for Coil Treatments of Intracranial Aneurysms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of the Human Cerebral Cortex from Magnetic Resonance Images.	Chenyang Xu,Dzung L. Pham,Maryam E. Rettmann,Daphne N. Yu,Jerry L. Prince	1999	Reconstruction of the Human Cerebral Cortex from Magnetic Resonance Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Penalized-Likelihood Estimators and Noise Analysis for Randoms-Precorrected PET Transmission Scans.	Mehmet Yavuz,Jeffrey A. Fessler	1999	Penalized-Likelihood Estimators and Noise Analysis for Randoms-Precorrected PET Transmission Scans.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Longitudinal Sampling and Aliasing in Spiral CT.	Shin Yi Yen,Chye Hwang Yan,Geoffrey D. Rubin,Sandy Napel	1999	Longitudinal Sampling and Aliasing in Spiral CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Unified Reconstruction Framework for Both Parallel-Beam and Variable Focal Length Fan-Beam Collimators by a Cormack-Type Inversion of Exponential Radon Transform.	Jiangsheng You,Zhengrong Liang,Gengsheng L. Zeng	1999	A Unified Reconstruction Framework for Both Parallel-Beam and Variable Focal Length Fan-Beam Collimators by a Cormack-Type Inversion of Exponential Radon Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Multi-Modal Registration Algorithm of Eye Fundus Images Using Vessels Detection and Hough Transform.	Frédéric Zana,Jean-Claude Klein	1999	A Multi-Modal Registration Algorithm of Eye Fundus Images Using Vessels Detection and Hough Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Projector/Backprojector with Slice-to-Slice Blurring for Efficient 3D Scatter Modeling.	Gengsheng L. Zeng,Chuanyong Bai,Grant T. Gullberg	1999	A Projector/Backprojector with Slice-to-Slice Blurring for Efficient 3D Scatter Modeling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation and Measurement of the Cortex from 3D MR Images Using Coupled Surfaces Propagation.	Xiaolan Zeng,Lawrence H. Staib,Robert T. Schultz,James S. Duncan	1999	Segmentation and Measurement of the Cortex from 3D MR Images Using Coupled Surfaces Propagation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A spatiotemporal model of cyclic kinematics and its application to analyzing nonrigid motion with MR velocity images.	Yudong Zhu,Norbert J. Pelc	1999	A spatiotemporal model of cyclic kinematics and its application to analyzing nonrigid motion with MR velocity images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Model-Based Method for the Reconstruction of Total Knee Replacement Kinematics.	Silvia Zuffi,Alberto Leardini,Fabio Catani,Silvia Fantozzi,Angelo Cappello	1999	A Model-Based Method for the Reconstruction of Total Knee Replacement Kinematics.
JAMIA	White Paper: Multicenter Patient Records Research: Security Policies and Tools.	Fred M. Behlen,Stephen B. Johnson	1999	White Paper: Multicenter Patient Records Research: Security Policies and Tools.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Improving Response to Critical Laboratory Results with Automation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.	"Gilad J. Kuperman,M. Jonathan,Milenko Tanasijevic,Nell Ma'Luf,Eve Rittenberg,Ashish K. Jha,Julie M. Fiskio,James Winkelman,David W. Bates"	1999	Research Paper: Improving Response to Critical Laboratory Results with Automation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Contrasting Views of Physicians and Nurses about an Inpatient Computer-based Provider Order-entry System.	Michael Weiner,Todd Gress,David R. Thiemann,Mollie Jenckes,Stephanie L. Reel,Steven F. Mandell,Eric B. Bass	1999	Research Paper: Contrasting Views of Physicians and Nurses about an Inpatient Computer-based Provider Order-entry System.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: A Design Model for Computer-based Guideline Implementation Based on Information Management Services.	Richard N. Shiffman,Cynthia Brandt,Yischon Liaw,Geoffrey J. Corb	1999	Model Formulation: A Design Model for Computer-based Guideline Implementation Based on Information Management Services.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Applications of Telemedicine and Telecommunications to Disaster Medicine: Historical and Future Perspectives.	Victoria Garshnek,Frederick M. Burkle Jr.	1999	Review Paper: Applications of Telemedicine and Telecommunications to Disaster Medicine: Historical and Future Perspectives.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Information Technology Outside Health Care: What Does It Matter to Us?	Mark S. Tuttle	1999	Viewpoint: Information Technology Outside Health Care: What Does It Matter to Us?
JAMIA	"Viewpoint: The Limited Use of Digital Ink in the Private-sector Primary Care Physician's Office."	Gary J. Arvary	1999	"Viewpoint: The Limited Use of Digital Ink in the Private-sector Primary Care Physician's Office."
JAMIA	Research Paper: An Ethnographic, Controlled Study of the Use of a Computer-based Histology Atlas during a Laboratory Course.	Harold P. Lehmann,Joan A. Freedman,John Massad,Renee Z. Dintzis	1999	Research Paper: An Ethnographic, Controlled Study of the Use of a Computer-based Histology Atlas during a Laboratory Course.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Determination of Relevant Goals and Criteria Used to Select an Automated Patient Care Information System: A Delphi Approach.	Joan K. Chocholik,Susan E. Bouchard,Joseph K. H. Tan,David N. Ostrow	1999	Research Paper: The Determination of Relevant Goals and Criteria Used to Select an Automated Patient Care Information System: A Delphi Approach.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Semantic Lexicon for Medical Language Processing.	Stephen B. Johnson	1999	Research Paper: A Semantic Lexicon for Medical Language Processing.
JAMIA	Review Paper: The Basis for Using the Internet to Support the Information Needs of Primary Care.	Edward E. Westberg,Randolph A. Miller	1999	Review Paper: The Basis for Using the Internet to Support the Information Needs of Primary Care.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Clinical Care and the Factory Floor.	Walter Panko	1999	Viewpoint: Clinical Care and the Factory Floor.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Impact of Computerized Physician Order Entry on Medication Error Prevention.	"David W. Bates,Jonathan M. Teich,Joshua Lee,Diane L. Seger,Gilad J. Kuperman,Nell Ma'Luf,Deborah Boyle,Lucian Leape"	1999	Research Paper: The Impact of Computerized Physician Order Entry on Medication Error Prevention.
JAMIA	"Model Formulation: A Model for Enhancing Internet Medical Document Retrieval with ""Medical Core Metadata""."	Gary Malet,Felix Munoz,Richard Appleyard,William R. Hersh	1999	"Model Formulation: A Model for Enhancing Internet Medical Document Retrieval with ""Medical Core Metadata""."
JAMIA	The View from 30, 000 Feet.	Gary Arvary	1999	The View from 30, 000 Feet.
JAMIA	White Paper: Evaluation of Vocabularies for Electronic Laboratory Reporting to Public Health Agencies.	Mark D. White,Linda M. Kolar,Steven J. Steindel	1999	White Paper: Evaluation of Vocabularies for Electronic Laboratory Reporting to Public Health Agencies.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Personalized Health Care and Business Success: Can Informatics Bring Us to the Promised Land?	Judy G. Ozbolt	1999	Viewpoint: Personalized Health Care and Business Success: Can Informatics Bring Us to the Promised Land?
JAMIA	Research Paper: Decision Support for Patient Preference-based Care Planning: Effects on Nursing Care and Patient Outcomes.	Cornelia M. Ruland	1999	Research Paper: Decision Support for Patient Preference-based Care Planning: Effects on Nursing Care and Patient Outcomes.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Attitudes of First-year Medical Students Toward the Confidentiality of Computerized Patient Records.	Luke Davis,Jennifer A. Domm,Michael R. Konikoff,Randolph A. Miller	1999	Research Paper: Attitudes of First-year Medical Students Toward the Confidentiality of Computerized Patient Records.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Units of Measure in Clinical Information Systems.	Gunther Schadow,Clement J. McDonald,Jeffrey G. Suico,Ulrich Föhring,Thomas Tolxdorff	1999	Model Formulation: Units of Measure in Clinical Information Systems.
JAMIA	White Paper: Health Informatics: Linking Investment to Value.	William W. Stead,Nancy M. Lorenzi	1999	White Paper: Health Informatics: Linking Investment to Value.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: IAIMS: An Interview with Dick West.	Joan S. Ash,Frances E. Johnson	1999	Viewpoint: IAIMS: An Interview with Dick West.
JAMIA	Review: Computer-based Guideline Implementation Systems: A Systematic Review of Functionality and Effectiveness.	Richard N. Shiffman,Yischon Liaw,Cynthia Brandt,Geoffrey J. Corb	1999	Review: Computer-based Guideline Implementation Systems: A Systematic Review of Functionality and Effectiveness.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Informatics at the National Institues of Health: A Call to Action.	William R. Hendee	1999	Viewpoint: Informatics at the National Institues of Health: A Call to Action.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Pilot Study of a Point-of-use Decision Support Tool for Cancer Clinical Trials Eligibility.	Philip P. Breitfeld,Marina Weisburd,J. Marc Overhage,George Sledge Jr.,William M. Tierney	1999	Application of Information Technology: Pilot Study of a Point-of-use Decision Support Tool for Cancer Clinical Trials Eligibility.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Organization of Heterogeneous Scientific Data Using the EAV/CR Representation.	Prakash M. Nadkarni,Luis N. Marenco,Roland Chen,Emmanouil Skoufos,Gordon M. Shepherd,Perry L. Miller	1999	Application of Information Technology: Organization of Heterogeneous Scientific Data Using the EAV/CR Representation.
JAMIA	Toward a Measured Approach to Medical Informatics.	Charles P. Friedman	1999	Toward a Measured Approach to Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Influence of Case and Physician Characteristics on Perceptions of Decision Support Systems.	Eta S. Berner,Richard S. Maisiak	1999	Research Paper: Influence of Case and Physician Characteristics on Perceptions of Decision Support Systems.
JAMIA	Case Report: General Practice Registration Networks in the Netherlands: A Brief Report.	Huberta E. Hart,Johannes C. van der Wouden,Paul Höppener,Geert J. van Schendel,J. André Knottnerus	1999	Case Report: General Practice Registration Networks in the Netherlands: A Brief Report.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Analysis of the Practice Guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners with Respect to the Use of Blood Tests.	Marc A. M. van Wijk,Arthur M. Bohnen,Johan van der Lei	1999	Research Paper: Analysis of the Practice Guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners with Respect to the Use of Blood Tests.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Image Acquisition Context: Procedure Description Attributes for Clinically Relevant Indexing and Selective Retrieval of Biomedical Images.	W. Dean Bidgood Jr.,Bruce Bray,Nicolas Brown,Angelo Rossi Mori,Kent A. Spackman,Alan M. Golichowski,Robert H. Jones,Louis Y. Korman,S. Brent Dove,Lloyd Hildebrand,Michael Berg	1999	Research Paper: Image Acquisition Context: Procedure Description Attributes for Clinically Relevant Indexing and Selective Retrieval of Biomedical Images.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Reliability Study for Evaluating Information Extraction from Radiology Reports.	George Hripcsak,Gilad J. Kuperman,Carol Friedman,Daniel F. Heitjan	1999	Research Paper: A Reliability Study for Evaluating Information Extraction from Radiology Reports.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Automated Diagnosis of Data-Model Conflicts Using Metadata.	Richard O. Chen,Russ B. Altman	1999	Model Formulation: Automated Diagnosis of Data-Model Conflicts Using Metadata.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Business Value of Health Care Information Technology.	Mark C. Frisse	1999	Viewpoint: The Business Value of Health Care Information Technology.
JAMIA	Focusing Energy on Biomedical Engineering, Imaging, and Informatics Research.	William W. Stead	1999	Focusing Energy on Biomedical Engineering, Imaging, and Informatics Research.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Decline and Fall of Esperanto: Lessons for Standards Committees.	Robert Patterson,Stanley M. Huff	1999	Viewpoint: The Decline and Fall of Esperanto: Lessons for Standards Committees.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of Meta-analytic Results to Facilitate Shared Decision Making.	Leslie A. Lenert,Daniel J. Cher	1999	Research Paper: Use of Meta-analytic Results to Facilitate Shared Decision Making.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: A Vision of Health Care and Informatics in 2008.	Morris F. Collen	1999	Viewpoint: A Vision of Health Care and Informatics in 2008.
JAMIA	Original Investigation: Semi-automated Entry of Clinical Temporal-abstraction Knowledge.	Yuval Shahar,Hai Chen,Daniel P. Stites,Lawrence V. Basso,Herbert Kaizer,Darrell M. Wilson,Mark A. Musen	1999	Original Investigation: Semi-automated Entry of Clinical Temporal-abstraction Knowledge.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Benefits of an Object-oriented Database Representation for Controlled Medical Terminologies.	Huanying Gu,Michael Halper,James Geller,Yehoshua Perl	1999	Model Formulation: Benefits of an Object-oriented Database Representation for Controlled Medical Terminologies.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Effects of a Decision Support System on Physicians' Diagnostic Performance."	Eta S. Berner,Richard S. Maisiak,C. Glenn Cobbs,O. David Taunton	1999	"Research Paper: Effects of a Decision Support System on Physicians' Diagnostic Performance."
JAMIA	Research Paper: Representing Information in Patient Reports Using Natural Language Processing and the Extensible Markup Language.	Carol Friedman,George Hripcsak,Lyudmila Shagina,Hongfang Liu	1999	Research Paper: Representing Information in Patient Reports Using Natural Language Processing and the Extensible Markup Language.
JAMIA	Case Report: Great Earthquakes and Medical Information Systems, with Special Reference to Telecommunications.	Masaki Miyamoto,Masao Sako,Michio Kimura,Tsuyoshi Kanno,Michitoshi Inoue,Hiroshi Takeda,Takashi Takahashi,Hiroshi Inada,Kotaro Minato,Norio Hashimoto,Tetsuo Kawamura,Michio Naito,Toshio Hattori,Kazuo Nakazawa,Masayuki Irie	1999	Case Report: Great Earthquakes and Medical Information Systems, with Special Reference to Telecommunications.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Ad Hoc Classification of Radiology Reports.	David Aronow,Fangfang Feng,W. Bruce Croft	1999	Research Paper: Ad Hoc Classification of Radiology Reports.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Measuring the Effects of Reminders for Outpatient Influenza Immunizations at the Point of Clinical Opportunity.	Paul C. Tang,Michael P. LaRosa,Carol Newcomb,Susan M. Gorden	1999	Research Paper: Measuring the Effects of Reminders for Outpatient Influenza Immunizations at the Point of Clinical Opportunity.
JAMIA	Review: Computer-based Approaches to Patient Education: A Review of the Literature.	Deborah Lewis	1999	Review: Computer-based Approaches to Patient Education: A Review of the Literature.
JAMIA	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Robert S. Ledley, DDS.	Naomi C. Broering	1999	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Robert S. Ledley, DDS.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of Computer-based Records, Completeness of Documentation, and Appropriateness of Documented Clinical Decisions.	Paul C. Tang,Michael P. LaRosa,Susan M. Gorden	1999	Research Paper: Use of Computer-based Records, Completeness of Documentation, and Appropriateness of Documented Clinical Decisions.
JAMIA	Case Report: Use of MEDLINE by Rural Physicians in Washington State.	Stefan J. Chimoskey,Thomas E. Norris	1999	Case Report: Use of MEDLINE by Rural Physicians in Washington State.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Driving Toward Guiding Principles: A Goal for Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Information.	Suzy A. Buckovich,Helga E. Rippen,Michael J. Rozen	1999	Viewpoint: Driving Toward Guiding Principles: A Goal for Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Information.
JAMIA	Careers in Medical Informatics: Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience.	Gregory A. Patton,Reed M. Gardner	1999	Careers in Medical Informatics: Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience.
JAMIA	Technology Evaluation: Continuous Speech Recognition for Clinicians.	Atif Zafar,J. Marc Overhage,Clement J. McDonald	1999	Technology Evaluation: Continuous Speech Recognition for Clinicians.
JAMIA	The Challenge to Health Informatics for 1999-2000: Form Creative Partnerships with Industry and Chief Information Officers to Enable People to Use Information to Improve Health.	William W. Stead	1999	The Challenge to Health Informatics for 1999-2000: Form Creative Partnerships with Industry and Chief Information Officers to Enable People to Use Information to Improve Health.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Towards symbolization using data-driven extraction of local trends for ICU monitoring.	Daniel Calvelo,Marie-Christine Chambrin,Denis Pomorski,Pierre Ravaux	2000	Towards symbolization using data-driven extraction of local trends for ICU monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Intelligent Data Analysis in Medicine and Pharmacology, Edited by Nada Lavrac, Elpida Keravnou and Blaz Zupan, Kluwer, 1997.	Sarabjot S. Anand	2000	Intelligent Data Analysis in Medicine and Pharmacology, Edited by Nada Lavrac, Elpida Keravnou and Blaz Zupan, Kluwer, 1997.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Erratum to Theme Issue on ""Evolutionary Computation in Medicine""."		2000	"Erratum to Theme Issue on ""Evolutionary Computation in Medicine""."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Intelligent analysis of clinical time series: an application in the diabetes mellitus domain.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Cristiana Larizza,Paolo Magni,Stefania Montani,Mario Stefanelli	2000	Intelligent analysis of clinical time series: an application in the diabetes mellitus domain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Stability problems with artificial neural networks and the ensemble solution.	Padraig Cunningham,John Carney,Saji Jacob	2000	Stability problems with artificial neural networks and the ensemble solution.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The learning classifier system: an evolutionary computation approach to knowledge discovery in epidemiologic surveillance.	John H. Holmes,Dennis R. Durbin,Flaura K. Winston	2000	The learning classifier system: an evolutionary computation approach to knowledge discovery in epidemiologic surveillance.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based information management in intensive care and anesthesia.	Michel Dojat,Silvia Miksch,Jim Hunter	2000	Knowledge-based information management in intensive care and anesthesia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial intelligence in medicine and medical decision making Europe.	Werner Horn	2000	Artificial intelligence in medicine and medical decision making Europe.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Internet-based decision-support server for acute abdominal pain.	Hans-Peter Eich,Christian Ohmann	2000	Internet-based decision-support server for acute abdominal pain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Planning treatment of ischemic heart disease with partially observable Markov decision processes.	Milos Hauskrecht,Hamish S. F. Fraser	2000	Planning treatment of ischemic heart disease with partially observable Markov decision processes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A cooperative framework for segmentation of MRI brain scans.	Laurence Germond,Michel Dojat,Chris J. Taylor,Catherine Garbay	2000	A cooperative framework for segmentation of MRI brain scans.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A comparison between two neural network rule extraction techniques for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disorders.	Yoichi Hayashi,Rudy Setiono,Katsumi Yoshida	2000	A comparison between two neural network rule extraction techniques for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disorders.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolutionary weighting of image features for diagnosing of CNS tumors.	Maciej Komosinski,Krzysztof Krawiec	2000	Evolutionary weighting of image features for diagnosing of CNS tumors.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model-based spectral estimation of Doppler signals using parallel genetic algorithms.	Julio Solano-González,Katya Rodríguez-Vázquez,Fabian Garcia Nocetti	2000	Model-based spectral estimation of Doppler signals using parallel genetic algorithms.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A hierarchical neural network algorithm for robust and automatic windowing of MR images.	Shang-Hong Lai,Ming Fang	2000	A hierarchical neural network algorithm for robust and automatic windowing of MR images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A probabilistic and decision-theoretic approach to the management of infectious disease at the ICU.	Peter J. F. Lucas,Nicolette de Bruijn,Karin Schurink,Andy Hoepelman	2000	A probabilistic and decision-theoretic approach to the management of infectious disease at the ICU.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Formal description of disease courses.	Arnoud Van Der Maas,Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede	2000	Formal description of disease courses.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Continual planning and scheduling for managing patient tests in hospital laboratories.	Catherine Marinagi,Constantine D. Spyropoulos,Christos Papatheodorou,Stavros Kokkotos	2000	Continual planning and scheduling for managing patient tests in hospital laboratories.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predictions of coronary artery stenosis by artificial neural network.	Bert A. Mobley,Eliot Schechter,William E. Moore,Patrick A. McKee,June E. Eichner	2000	Predictions of coronary artery stenosis by artificial neural network.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic analysis of signals with symbolic content.	Lorenzo Moreno,J. I. Estévez,R. M. Aguilar,José L. Sánchez,José F. Sigut,José D. Piñeiro,Roberto L. Marichal	2000	Automatic analysis of signals with symbolic content.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Erratum to ""Knowledge discovery and knowledge validation in intensive care""."	Katharina Morik,Michael Imhoff,Peter Brockhausen,Thorsten Joachims,Ursula Gather	2000	"Erratum to ""Knowledge discovery and knowledge validation in intensive care""."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge discovery and knowledge validation in intensive care.	Katharina Morik,Michael Imhoff,Peter Brockhausen,Thorsten Joachims,Ursula Gather	2000	Knowledge discovery and knowledge validation in intensive care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Toward interactive scheduling systems for managing medical resources.	Angelo Oddi,Amedeo Cesta	2000	Toward interactive scheduling systems for managing medical resources.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Volume 1 of IEE Professional Applications of Computing Series, Edited by M.A. Bramer, IEE, London, UK, 1999, ISBN 0-85296-767-5.	Aleksander Øhrn	2000	Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Volume 1 of IEE Professional Applications of Computing Series, Edited by M.A. Bramer, IEE, London, UK, 1999, ISBN 0-85296-767-5.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolutionary computation in medicine: an overview.	Carlos Andrés Peña-Reyes,Moshe Sipper	2000	Evolutionary computation in medicine: an overview.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Towards dynamic cardiac scenes interpretation based on spatial-temporal knowledge.	John Puentes,Mireille Garreau,Christian Roux,Jean-Louis Coatrieux	2000	Towards dynamic cardiac scenes interpretation based on spatial-temporal knowledge.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Guideline-based careflow systems.	Silvana Quaglini,Mario Stefanelli,Anna Cavallini,Giuseppe Micieli,Clara Fassino,C. Mossa	2000	Guideline-based careflow systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A customisable framework for the assessment of therapies in the solution of therapy decision tasks.	Angeles Manjarrés Riesco,Rafael Martínez-Tomás,José Mira	2000	A customisable framework for the assessment of therapies in the solution of therapy decision tasks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Understanding of medico-technical reports.	M. Roux,V. Ledoray	2000	Understanding of medico-technical reports.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An object-oriented design for automated navigation of semantic networks inside a medical data dictionary.	W. Ruan,Thomas Bürkle,Joachim Dudeck	2000	An object-oriented design for automated navigation of semantic networks inside a medical data dictionary.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fundamentals of clinical methodology - 4. Diagnosis.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	2000	Fundamentals of clinical methodology - 4. Diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy genomes.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	2000	Fuzzy genomes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Erratum to ""Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 3. Nosology""."	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	2000	"Erratum to ""Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 3. Nosology""."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic recognition of biological shapes with and without representations of shape.	Francisco J. Sánchez-Marín	2000	Automatic recognition of biological shapes with and without representations of shape.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Generating concise and accurate classification rules for breast cancer diagnosis.	Rudy Setiono	2000	Generating concise and accurate classification rules for breast cancer diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Cooperation of fuzzy segmentation operators for correction aliasing phenomenon in 3D color Doppler imaging.	Ahmad Shahin,Michel Ménard,Michel Eboueya	2000	Cooperation of fuzzy segmentation operators for correction aliasing phenomenon in 3D color Doppler imaging.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data Mining: Methods for Knowledge Discovery, by Krzystof Cios, Witold Pedrycz, and Roman Swiniarski, Kluwer, 1998.	Arno Siebes	2000	Data Mining: Methods for Knowledge Discovery, by Krzystof Cios, Witold Pedrycz, and Roman Swiniarski, Kluwer, 1998.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AI planning and scheduling in the medical hospital environment.	Constantine D. Spyropoulos	2000	AI planning and scheduling in the medical hospital environment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multiple signal integration by decision tree induction to detect artifacts in the neonatal intensive care unit.	Christine L. Tsien,Isaac S. Kohane,Neil McIntosh	2000	Multiple signal integration by decision tree induction to detect artifacts in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predicting the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in individual sickle cell anemia patients.	Homayoun Valafar,Faramarz Valafar,Alan Darvill,Peter Albersheim,Abdullah Kutlar,Kristy F. Woods,John Hardin	2000	Predicting the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in individual sickle cell anemia patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Hybrid optimization techniques for the workshift and rest assignment of nursing personnel.	Christos Valouxis,Efthymios Housos	2000	Hybrid optimization techniques for the workshift and rest assignment of nursing personnel.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A genetic algorithm approach to multi-disorder diagnosis.	Staal A. Vinterbo,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2000	A genetic algorithm approach to multi-disorder diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model selection for a medical diagnostic decision support system: a breast cancer detection case.	David West,Vivian West	2000	Model selection for a medical diagnostic decision support system: a breast cancer detection case.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Functional Networks with Applications. A Neural-Based Paradigm, by E. Castillo, A. Cobo, J. M. Gutiérrez and R. E. Pruneda, Kluwer, 1998, ISBN 0-7923-8332-X.	Wim Wiegerinck	2000	Functional Networks with Applications. A Neural-Based Paradigm, by E. Castillo, A. Cobo, J. M. Gutiérrez and R. E. Pruneda, Kluwer, 1998, ISBN 0-7923-8332-X.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multi-objective optimization in radiotherapy: applications to stereotactic radiosurgery and prostate brachytherapy.	Yan Yu,J. B. Zhang,Gang Cheng,M. C. Schell,Paul Okunieff	2000	Multi-objective optimization in radiotherapy: applications to stereotactic radiosurgery and prostate brachytherapy.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Machine learning for survival analysis: a case study on recurrence of prostate cancer.	Blaz Zupan,Janez Demsar,Michael W. Kattan,J. Robert Beck,Ivan Bratko	2000	Machine learning for survival analysis: a case study on recurrence of prostate cancer.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	DataFoundry: information management for scientific data.	Terence Critchlow,Krzysztof Fidelis,Madhavan Ganesh,Ron Musick,Tom Slezak	2000	DataFoundry: information management for scientific data.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The design and performance of a 2.5-GHz telecommand link for wireless biomedical monitoring.	G. C. Crumley,N. E. Evans,William G. Scanlon,J. B. Burns,T. G. Trouton	2000	The design and performance of a 2.5-GHz telecommand link for wireless biomedical monitoring.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel mechatronic tool for computer-assisted arthroscopy.	"Paolo Dario,Maria Chiara Carrozza,Maurilio Marcacci,Simona D'Attanasio,Bernardo Magnani,Oliver Tonet,Giuseppe Megali"	2000	A novel mechatronic tool for computer-assisted arthroscopy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Detection of multiple sclerosis with visual evoked potentials - an unsupervised computational intelligence system.	T. J. Dasey,Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou	2000	Detection of multiple sclerosis with visual evoked potentials - an unsupervised computational intelligence system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	InternetQuestion and Answer (iQ&A): a Web-based survey technology.	Robert A. Dennis,Sanjiv S. Gambhir	2000	InternetQuestion and Answer (iQ&A): a Web-based survey technology.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A medical digital library to support scenario and user-tailored information retrieval.	Wesley W. Chu,David B. Johnson,Hooshang Kangarloo	2000	A medical digital library to support scenario and user-tailored information retrieval.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial: multimedia information technology in biomedicine.	David Dagan Feng	2000	Guest editorial: multimedia information technology in biomedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Development of an interactive multimedia training simulator for responding to abortion clinic bomb threats.	Christopher A. Chung	2000	Development of an interactive multimedia training simulator for responding to abortion clinic bomb threats.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-assisted discrimination among malignant lymphomas and leukemia using immunophenotyping, intelligent image repositories, and telemicroscopy.	David J. Foran,Dorin Comaniciu,Peter Meer,Lauri A. Goodell	2000	Computer-assisted discrimination among malignant lymphomas and leukemia using immunophenotyping, intelligent image repositories, and telemicroscopy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial emerging trends at the threshold of a new millennium.	Peter N. Brett,Brian L. Davies	2000	Editorial emerging trends at the threshold of a new millennium.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Schemes for the identification of tissue types and boundaries at the tool point for surgical needles.	Peter N. Brett,A. J. Harrison,T. A. Thomas	2000	Schemes for the identification of tissue types and boundaries at the tool point for surgical needles.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Content-based retrieval of dynamic PET functional images.	Weidong Cai,David Dagan Feng,Roger Fulton	2000	Content-based retrieval of dynamic PET functional images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A software data generator for radiographic imaging investigations.	D. Lazos,Z. Kolisti,N. Pallikarakis	2000	A software data generator for radiographic imaging investigations.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Laryngeal pathology detection by means of class-specific neural maps.	Stefan Todorov Hadjitodorov,B. Boyanov,B. Teston	2000	Laryngeal pathology detection by means of class-specific neural maps.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A screening gate to prevent entry of mobile telephone handsets in the speaking/standby mode into prohibited and restricted areas.	Eisuke Hanada,Yoshiaki Watanabe,Yoshiaki Nose	2000	A screening gate to prevent entry of mobile telephone handsets in the speaking/standby mode into prohibited and restricted areas.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The design and applications of a recursive molecular modeling framework.	Curtis Lisle,Rebecca J. Parsons	2000	The design and applications of a recursive molecular modeling framework.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Home telecare system using cable television plants - an experimental field trial.	Ren-Guey Lee,Heng-Shuen Chen,Chung-Chih Lin,Kuang-Chiung Chang,Jyh-Horng Chen	2000	Home telecare system using cable television plants - an experimental field trial.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Construction of a human topological model from medical data.	Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann,Frederic Cordier	2000	Construction of a human topological model from medical data.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Skeletal growth estimation using radiographic image processing and analysis.	Sasan Mahmoodi,Bayan S. Sharif,E. Graeme Chester,J. P. Owen,R. Lee	2000	Skeletal growth estimation using radiographic image processing and analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A Web-based TelePACS using an asymmetric satellite system.	Seon-Cheol Hwang,Myoung-Ho Lee	2000	A Web-based TelePACS using an asymmetric satellite system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial special issue on mobile telemedicine and telehealth systems.	Robert S. H. Istepanian	2000	Guest editorial special issue on mobile telemedicine and telehealth systems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Optimal zonal wavelet-based ECG data compression for a mobile telecardiology system.	Robert S. H. Istepanian,Arthur A. Petrosian	2000	Optimal zonal wavelet-based ECG data compression for a mobile telecardiology system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An adaptive nonlinear diffusion algorithm for filtering medical images.	Jesse S. Jin,Yung Wang,John B. Hiller	2000	An adaptive nonlinear diffusion algorithm for filtering medical images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Autonomous decision-making: a data mining approach.	Andrew Kusiak,Jeffrey A. Kern,Kemp H. Kernstine,Bill T. L. Tseng	2000	Autonomous decision-making: a data mining approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedicine for evaluation of brain function by a metacomputer.	Yuko Mizuno-Matsumoto,Susumu Date,Yuji Tabuchi,Shinichi Tamura,Yoshinobu Sato,Reza Aghaeizadeh Zoroofi,Shinji Shimojo,Youki Kadobayashi,Haruyuki Tatsumi,Hiroki Nogawa,Kazuhiro Shinosaki,Masatoshi Takeda,Tsuyoshi Inouye,Hideo Miyahara	2000	Telemedicine for evaluation of brain function by a metacomputer.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A virtual-reality-based telerehabilitation system with force feedback.	Viorel G. Popescu,Grigore C. Burdea,Mourad Bouzit,Vincent R. Hentz	2000	A virtual-reality-based telerehabilitation system with force feedback.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Application of an object-oriented programming paradigm in three-dimensional computer modeling of mechanically active gastrointestinal tissues.	P. Z. Rashev,Martin P. Mintchev,K. L. Bowes	2000	Application of an object-oriented programming paradigm in three-dimensional computer modeling of mechanically active gastrointestinal tissues.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Web-based video for real-time monitoring of radiological procedures.	O. Ratib,M. Dahlbom,J. M. Zucek,K. Kong,M. McCoy,D. J. Valentino	2000	Web-based video for real-time monitoring of radiological procedures.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	NEWBET: telemedicine platform for burn patients.	Javier Reina-Tosina,Laura M. Roa,Manuel Rovayo	2000	NEWBET: telemedicine platform for burn patients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Genetic algorithms for a robust 3-D MR-CT registration.	Jean-Michel Rouet,Jean-José Jacq,Christian Roux	2000	Genetic algorithms for a robust 3-D MR-CT registration.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Combining high-performance computing and networking for advanced 3-D cardiac imaging.	Maria Filomena Santarelli,Vincenzo Positano,Luigi Landini	2000	Combining high-performance computing and networking for advanced 3-D cardiac imaging.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A family competition evolutionary algorithm for automated docking of flexible ligands to proteins.	Jinn-Moon Yang,Cheng-Yan Kao	2000	A family competition evolutionary algorithm for automated docking of flexible ligands to proteins.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Hadamard-based image decomposition and compression.	Iren Valova,Yukio Kosugi	2000	Hadamard-based image decomposition and compression.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Three-dimensional modeling and visualization of the cochlea on the Internet.	Sun K. Yoo,Ge Wang,Jay T. Rubinstein,Margaret W. Skinner,Michael W. Vannier	2000	Three-dimensional modeling and visualization of the cochlea on the Internet.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Real-time teleconsultation with high-resolution and large-volume medical images for collaborative healthcare.	Jianguo Zhang,Johannes N. Stahl,H. K. Huang,Xiaoqiang Zhou,Shieh-Liang Lou,K. S. Song	2000	Real-time teleconsultation with high-resolution and large-volume medical images for collaborative healthcare.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An architecture for the automatic acquisition of vital signs by clinical information systems.	Andrew J. Sims,A. Pay,B. G. Watson	2000	An architecture for the automatic acquisition of vital signs by clinical information systems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A robotic system for blood sampling.	Aleksandar Zivanovic,Brian L. Davies	2000	A robotic system for blood sampling.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Teleconferencing with dynamic medical images.	Johannes N. Stahl,Jianguo Zhang,Chris Zellner,Eugene V. Pomerantsev,Tony M. Chou,H. K. Huang	2000	Teleconferencing with dynamic medical images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Simulated generation of evoked potentials components using networks with distinct excitatory and inhibitory neurons.	Errikos M. Ventouras,Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu,D. Koutsouris,Charalabos C. Papageorgiou,Andreas D. Rabavilas,C. Stefanis	2000	Simulated generation of evoked potentials components using networks with distinct excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An adaptive 3-D discrete cosine transform coder for medical image compression.	Shen-Chuan Tai,Yung-Gi Wu,Chang-Wei Lin	2000	An adaptive 3-D discrete cosine transform coder for medical image compression.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Construction of a regional telementoring network for endoscopic surgery in Japan.	E. Taniguchi,S. Ohashi	2000	Construction of a regional telementoring network for endoscopic surgery in Japan.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-slice helical CT: scan and image temporal resolution.	H. Hu,T. S. Pan	2000	Multi-slice helical CT: scan and image temporal resolution.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Objective Quantifications of the Motion of Orbital Soft Tissues.	Michael Abramoff,Wiro J. Niessen,Max A. Viergever	2000	Objective Quantifications of the Motion of Orbital Soft Tissues.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Energy based scatter correction for 3D PET scanners using NaI(Tl)Detectors.	L.-E. Adam,Joel S. Karp,R. Freifelder	2000	Energy based scatter correction for 3D PET scanners using NaI(Tl)Detectors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Modular Software System for Computer Aided Surgery and Its First Application in Oral Implantology.	Wolfgang Birkfellner,Klaus Huber,Alan Larson,Dennis P. Hanson,Markus Diemling,Peter Homolka,Helmar Bergmann	2000	A Modular Software System for Computer Aided Surgery and Its First Application in Oral Implantology.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularized color clustering for medical image database.	Chun Hung Li,Pong Chi Yuen	2000	Regularized color clustering for medical image database.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Fast Implementation of the Minimum Spanning Tree Method for Phase Unwrapping.	Li An,Qing-San Xiang,Sofia Chavez	2000	A Fast Implementation of the Minimum Spanning Tree Method for Phase Unwrapping.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Consistency Conditions and Linear Reconstruction Methods in Diffraction Tomography.	Xiaochuan Pan	2000	Consistency Conditions and Linear Reconstruction Methods in Diffraction Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Object Localization and Border Detection Criteria Design in Edge-Based Image Segmentation: Automated Learning from Examples.	Marek Brejl,Milan Sonka	2000	Object Localization and Border Detection Criteria Design in Edge-Based Image Segmentation: Automated Learning from Examples.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface-bounded Growth Modeling Applied to Human Mandibles.	Per Rønsholt Andresen,Fred L. Bookstein,Knut Conradsen,Bjarne K. Ersbøll,Jeffrey L. Marsh,Sven Kreiborg	2000	Surface-bounded Growth Modeling Applied to Human Mandibles.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D attenuation map reconstruction using geometrical models and free form deformations.	X. L. Battle,Catherine Cheze-Le Rest,Alexandre Turzo,Yves Bizais	2000	3D attenuation map reconstruction using geometrical models and free form deformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of the Attenuation Map using discrete consistency conditions.	A. V. Bronnikov	2000	Reconstruction of the Attenuation Map using discrete consistency conditions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Single-slice reconstruction in spiral cone-beam computed tomography.	H. Bruder,Marc Kachelriess,Stefan Schaller,K. Stierstorfer,Thomas Flohr	2000	Single-slice reconstruction in spiral cone-beam computed tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Filter Design Method for Minimizing Ringing in a Region of Interest in MRI Spectroscopic Images.	Tariq Bakir,Stanley J. Reeves	2000	A Filter Design Method for Minimizing Ringing in a Region of Interest in MRI Spectroscopic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Resolution and noise properties of MAP reconstruction for fully 3D PET.	Jinyi Qi,Richard M. Leahy	2000	Resolution and noise properties of MAP reconstruction for fully 3D PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Geometrical Distortion and Statistical Variance in Length, Area, and Volume in a Linearly Scanned 3D Ultrasound Image.	H. Neale Cardinal,Jermy D. Gill,Aaron Fenster	2000	Analysis of Geometrical Distortion and Statistical Variance in Length, Area, and Volume in a Linearly Scanned 3D Ultrasound Image.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Semiautomatic 3D Image Registration as Applied to Interventional MRI Liver Cancer Treatment.	Andreas Carrillo,Jeffrey L. Duerk,Jonathan S. Lewin,David L. Wilson	2000	Semiautomatic 3D Image Registration as Applied to Interventional MRI Liver Cancer Treatment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A CAD System for the Automatic Detection of Clustered Microcalcification in Digitized Mammogram Films.	Songyang Yu,Ling Guan	2000	A CAD System for the Automatic Detection of Clustered Microcalcification in Digitized Mammogram Films.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating the Keratoconus Index from Ultrasound Images of the Human Cornea.	Filippo Castiglione,Francesco Castiglione	2000	Estimating the Keratoconus Index from Ultrasound Images of the Human Cornea.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Model-Based Technique for Enhanced Small-Vessel Measurements in X-ray Ciné-Angiograms.	Raymond C. Chan,William Clement Karl,Robert S. Lees	2000	A New Model-Based Technique for Enhanced Small-Vessel Measurements in X-ray Ciné-Angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison of 3D maximum a posteriori and filtered backprojection algorithms for high resolution animal imaging with microPET.	Arion Chatziioannou,Jinyi Qi,A. Moore,A. Annala,K. Nguyen,Richard M. Leahy,S. R. Cherry	2000	Comparison of 3D maximum a posteriori and filtered backprojection algorithms for high resolution animal imaging with microPET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interpolation of 3-D Binary Images based on Morphological Skeletonization.	Vassilios Chatzis,Ioannis Pitas	2000	Interpolation of 3-D Binary Images based on Morphological Skeletonization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3-D Reconstruction of Coronary Arterial Tree to Optimize Angiographic Visualization.	S.-Y. James Chen,John D. Carroll	2000	3-D Reconstruction of Coronary Arterial Tree to Optimize Angiographic Visualization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Design and Evaluation of a System for Microscope-Assisted Guided Interventions (MAGI).	Philip J. Edwards,Andrew P. King,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Darryl A. de Cunha,David J. Hawkes,Derek L. G. Hill,Ronald P. Gaston,Michael R. Fenlon,A. Jusczyzck,Anthony J. Strong,Christopher L. Chandler,Michael J. Gleeson	2000	Design and Evaluation of a System for Microscope-Assisted Guided Interventions (MAGI).
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Novel Approach to Extract Colon Lumen from CT Images for Virtual Colonoscopy.	Dongqing Chen,Zhengrong Liang,Mark R. Max,Lihong Li,Bin Li,Arie E. Kaufman	2000	A Novel Approach to Extract Colon Lumen from CT Images for Virtual Colonoscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Ultra-Fast User-Steered Image Segementation Paradigm: Live-Wire-On-The-Fly.	Alexandre X. Falcão,Jayaram K. Udupa,Flávio Keidi Miyazawa	2000	An Ultra-Fast User-Steered Image Segementation Paradigm: Live-Wire-On-The-Fly.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ultrasound Measurement of Brachial Flow-mediated Vasodilator Response.	Liexiang Fan,Peter Santago,Huai Jiang,David M. Herrington	2000	Ultrasound Measurement of Brachial Flow-mediated Vasodilator Response.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Iterative crystal efficiency calculation in fully 3D PET.	N. C. Ferreira,Régine Trébossen,Claude Comtat,M. C. Gregoire,B. Bendriem	2000	Iterative crystal efficiency calculation in fully 3D PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Direct comparison of a Xenon and a solid state CT detector system: Measurements under working conditions.	Thomas Fuchs,Marc Kachelriess,Willi A. Kalender	2000	Direct comparison of a Xenon and a solid state CT detector system: Measurements under working conditions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spiral Interpolation Algorithms for Multi-Slice Spiral CT Part II: Measurement and Evaluation of Slice Sensitivity Profiles and Noise at a Clinical Multi-Slice System.	Theobald O. J. Fuchs,Jens Krause,Stefan Schaller,Thomas Flohr,Willi A. Kalender	2000	Spiral Interpolation Algorithms for Multi-Slice Spiral CT Part II: Measurement and Evaluation of Slice Sensitivity Profiles and Noise at a Clinical Multi-Slice System.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimal k-space Samplingin MRSI for Images with a Limited Region of Support.	Yun Gao,Stanley J. Reeves	2000	Optimal k-space Samplingin MRSI for Images with a Limited Region of Support.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	LROC analysis of detector-response compensation in SPECT.	Howard C. Gifford,Michael A. King,R. Glenn Wells,W. G. Hawkins,Manoj V. Narayanan,P. Hendrik Pretorius	2000	LROC analysis of detector-response compensation in SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Perspective on Needle Artifacts in MRI: An Electromagnetic Model for Experimentally Separating Susceptibility Effects.	Arndt Glowinski,Gerhard Adam,Arno Bücker,Joop v. Vaals,Rolf W. Günther	2000	A Perspective on Needle Artifacts in MRI: An Electromagnetic Model for Experimentally Separating Susceptibility Effects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Topological Analysis of Trabecular Bone MR Images.	Byron R. Gomberg,Punam K. Saha,Hee Kwon Song,Scott N. Hwang,Felix W. Wehrli	2000	Topological Analysis of Trabecular Bone MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On the Direct Fourier Method for Computer Tomography.	David Gottlieb,Bertil Gustafsson,Patrik Forssén	2000	On the Direct Fourier Method for Computer Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Modelling the Haemodynamic Response in fMRI with Smooth FIR Filters.	Cyril Goutte,Finn Årup Nielsen,Lars Kai Hansen	2000	Modelling the Haemodynamic Response in fMRI with Smooth FIR Filters.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rank Order Polynomial Subband Decomposition for Medical Image Compression.	Reto Grueter,Olivier Egger,Jean-Marc Vesin,Murat Kunt	2000	Rank Order Polynomial Subband Decomposition for Medical Image Compression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Imaging System with Calibrated Color Image Acquisition for use in Dermatology.	Yves Vander Haeghen,J. M. Naeyeart,Ignace Lemahieu,Wilfried Philips	2000	An Imaging System with Calibrated Color Image Acquisition for use in Dermatology.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nondistorting Flattening Maps and the 3D Visualization of Colon CT Images.	Steven Haker,Sigurd Angenent,Allen Tannenbaum,Ron Kikinis	2000	Nondistorting Flattening Maps and the 3D Visualization of Colon CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Depth buffer targeting for spatially accurate 3D visualization of medical images.	Steven L. Hartmann,Robert L. Galloway	2000	Depth buffer targeting for spatially accurate 3D visualization of medical images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Voxel Similarity Measures for 3D Serial MR Brain Image Registration.	Mark Holden,Derek L. G. Hill,Erika R. E. Denton,Jo M. Jarosz,Tim C. S. Cox,Torsten Rohlfing,Joanne Goodey,David J. Hawkes	2000	Voxel Similarity Measures for 3D Serial MR Brain Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Locating Blood Vessels in Retinal Images by Piece-wise Threshold Probing of a Matched Filter Response.	Adam Hoover,Valentina Kouznetsova,Michael H. Goldbaum	2000	Locating Blood Vessels in Retinal Images by Piece-wise Threshold Probing of a Matched Filter Response.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tomographic reconstruction for tilted helical multislice CT.	J. Hsieh	2000	Tomographic reconstruction for tilted helical multislice CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Investigation of a Solid State Detector for Advanced Computed Tomography.	J. Hsieh,O. E. Gurmen,Kevin F. King	2000	Investigation of a Solid State Detector for Advanced Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	List Mode Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction Applied to Positron Emission Mammography.	Ronald H. Huesman,G. J. Klein,W. W. Moses	2000	List Mode Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction Applied to Positron Emission Mammography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume Rendering Quantification Algorithm for Reconstruction of CT Volume-Rendered Structures: I. Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.	Ashesh B. Jani,Charles A. Pelizzari,George T. Y. Chen,John C. Roeske,Russell J. Hamilton,R. Loch Macdonald,Frank J. Bova,Kenneth R. Hoffmann,Patrick A. Sweeney	2000	Volume Rendering Quantification Algorithm for Reconstruction of CT Volume-Rendered Structures: I. Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Texture Analysis for Classification of Cervix Lesions.	Qiang Ji,John Engel,Eric Craine	2000	Texture Analysis for Classification of Cervix Lesions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interior-Point Methodology for 3-D PET Reconstruction.	Calvin A. Johnson,Jürgen Seidel,Ariela Sofer	2000	Interior-Point Methodology for 3-D PET Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Active Contour Model for Measuring the Area of Leg Ulcers.	Tim D. Jones,Peter Plassman	2000	An Active Contour Model for Measuring the Area of Leg Ulcers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	ECG-Correlated Imaging of the Heart with Subsecond Multi-Slice Spiral CT.	Marc Kachelriess,Stefan Ulzheimer,Willi A. Kalender	2000	ECG-Correlated Imaging of the Heart with Subsecond Multi-Slice Spiral CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Correction of MR k-space Data Corrupted by Spike Noise.	Yi-Hsuan Kao,James R. MacFall	2000	Correction of MR k-space Data Corrupted by Spike Noise.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of 3-D segmentation algorithms for the identification of luminal and medialadventitial borders in IVUS images.	Jon D. Klingensmith,Raj Shekhar,D. Geoffrey Vince	2000	Evaluation of 3-D segmentation algorithms for the identification of luminal and medialadventitial borders in IVUS images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Jini Service to Reconstruct Tomographic Data.	Peter Knoll,Eduard Gröller,K. Höll,Siroos Mirzaei,Karl Koriska,Horst Köhn	2000	A Jini Service to Reconstruct Tomographic Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Deformable Boundary Detection of Stents in Angiographic Images.	Ioannis Kompatsiaris,Dimitrios Tzovaras,Vassilis Koutkias,Michael G. Strintzis	2000	Deformable Boundary Detection of Stents in Angiographic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quasi-Exact Filtered Backprojection Algorithm for Long-Object Problem in Helical Cone-Beam Tomography.	Hiroyuki Kudo,Frédéric Noo,Michel Defrise	2000	Quasi-Exact Filtered Backprojection Algorithm for Long-Object Problem in Helical Cone-Beam Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Unwarping of Unidirectionally Distorted EPI Images.	Jan Kybic,Philippe Thévenaz,Arto Nirkko,Michael Unser	2000	Unwarping of Unidirectionally Distorted EPI Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Maximization Entropy Approximation in SPECT Using the RBI-MAP Algorithm.	David S. Lalush,Eric C. Frey,Benjamin M. W. Tsui	2000	Fast Maximization Entropy Approximation in SPECT Using the RBI-MAP Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guest Editorial Recent Developments in Iterative Image Reconstruction for PET and SPECT.	Richard M. Leahy,Charles L. Byrne	2000	Guest Editorial Recent Developments in Iterative Image Reconstruction for PET and SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Localization of Epileptogenic Zonesin F-18 FDG Brain PET of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Artificial Neural Network.	Jae Sung Lee,Dong Soo Lee,Seok Ki Kim,Sang-Kun Lee,June-Key Chung,Myung Chul Lee,Kwant Suk Park	2000	Localization of Epileptogenic Zonesin F-18 FDG Brain PET of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Artificial Neural Network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Morphology-based Three-dimensional Interpolation.	Tong-Yee Lee,Wen-Hsiu Wang	2000	Morphology-based Three-dimensional Interpolation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimal Image Sampling Schedule for Both Image-derived Input and Output Functions in PET Cardiac Studies.	Xianjin Li,David Dagan Feng,Kewei Chen	2000	Optimal Image Sampling Schedule for Both Image-derived Input and Output Functions in PET Cardiac Studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Multiscale Dynamic Programming Procedure for Boundary Detection in Ultrasound Artery Images.	Quan Liang,Inger Wendelhag,John Wikstrand,Tomas Gustavsson	2000	A Multiscale Dynamic Programming Procedure for Boundary Detection in Ultrasound Artery Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Real-Time Image Reconstruction for Spiral MRI Using Fixed-Point Calculation.	Jan-Ray Liao	2000	Real-Time Image Reconstruction for Spiral MRI Using Fixed-Point Calculation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluating performance of reconstruction algorithms for 3D O-15 water PET using subtraction analysis.	Jeih-San Liow,Lan Zhou	2000	Evaluating performance of reconstruction algorithms for 3D O-15 water PET using subtraction analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Anatomical Labeling of the Bronchial Branch and its Application to the Virtual Bronchoscopy System.	Kensaku Mori,Jun-ichi Hasegawa,Yasuhito Suenaga,Jun-ichiro Toriwaki	2000	Automated Anatomical Labeling of the Bronchial Branch and its Application to the Virtual Bronchoscopy System.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Gradient and Texture Analysis for the Classification of Mammography Masses.	Naga R. Mudigonda,Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,J. E. Leo Desautels	2000	Gradient and Texture Analysis for the Classification of Mammography Masses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rapid 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction with the Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) Using 2D Texture Mapping Hardware.	Klaus Mueller,Roni Yagel	2000	Rapid 3D Cone-Beam Reconstruction with the Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) Using 2D Texture Mapping Hardware.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Inverse Problem Approach to the Correction of Distortion in EPI Images.	Patrice Munger,Gerard R. Crelier,Terry M. Peters,G. Bruce Pike	2000	An Inverse Problem Approach to the Correction of Distortion in EPI Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improved image quality and computation reduction in 4D reconstruction of cardiac gated SPECT images.	Manoj V. Narayanan,Michael A. King,Miles N. Wernick,Charles L. Byrne,Edward J. Soares,P. Hendrik Pretorius	2000	Improved image quality and computation reduction in 4D reconstruction of cardiac gated SPECT images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Flat Panel Detector-Based Cone Beam Volume CT Angiography Imaging: System Evaluation.	Ruola Ning,Biao Chen,Rongfeng Yu,David Conover,Yi Ning	2000	Flat Panel Detector-Based Cone Beam Volume CT Angiography Imaging: System Evaluation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-aided Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery Enhanced by the Use of the Multiple Brain Atlas Database.	Wieslaw Lucjan Nowinski,Guo Liang Yang,Tseng-Tsai Yeo	2000	Computer-aided Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery Enhanced by the Use of the Multiple Brain Atlas Database.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On Segmenting the Three Dimensional Scan Data of a Human Body.	Joseph H. Nurre,Jeffery Connor,Erick A. Lewark,Jeffery S. Collier	2000	On Segmenting the Three Dimensional Scan Data of a Human Body.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	New Variants of a Method of MRI Scale Standardization.	László G. Nyúl,Jayaram K. Udupa,Xuan Zhang	2000	New Variants of a Method of MRI Scale Standardization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	2.5 D Simultaneous Multislice Reconstruction by Iterative Algorithms from Fourier-Rebinned PET data.	T. Obi,Samuel Matej,Robert M. Lewitt,Gabor T. Herman	2000	2.5 D Simultaneous Multislice Reconstruction by Iterative Algorithms from Fourier-Rebinned PET data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging Heart Motion Using Harmonic Phase MRI.	Nael F. Osman,Elliot R. McVeigh,Jerry L. Prince	2000	Imaging Heart Motion Using Harmonic Phase MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Edge-Guided Boundary Delineation in Prostate Ultrasound Images.	Sayan D. Pathak,Vikram Chalana,David R. Haynor,Yongmin Kim	2000	Edge-Guided Boundary Delineation in Prostate Ultrasound Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	AM-FM Texture Segmentation in Electron Microscopy Muscle Imaging.	Marios S. Pattichis,Constantinos S. Pattichis,Maria Avraam,Alan C. Bovik,Kyriacos C. Kyriacou	2000	We segment the structural units of electron microscope muscle images using a novel AM-FM image representation. This novel AM-FM approach is shown to be effective in describing sarcomeres and mitochondrial regions of the electron microscope muscle images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analytical versus voxelized phantom representation for 3D Monte Carlo simulation in radiological imaging.	J. Peter,Martin P. Tornai,Ronald J. Jaszczak	2000	Analytical versus voxelized phantom representation for 3D Monte Carlo simulation in radiological imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Registration by Maximization of Combined Mutual Information and Gradient Information.	Josien P. W. Pluim,J. B. Antoine Maintz,Max A. Viergever	2000	Image Registration by Maximization of Combined Mutual Information and Gradient Information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The n-PI method for helical cone-beam CT.	Roland Proksa,Thomas Köhler,Michael Grass,J. Timmer	2000	The n-PI method for helical cone-beam CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Real-Time Interactive 3D-DVA for Robust Coronary MRA.	Todd S. Sachs,Craig H. Meyer,John M. Pauly,Bob S. Hu,Dwight G. Nishimura,Albert Macovski	2000	The Real-Time Interactive 3D-DVA for Robust Coronary MRA.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Direct Least Squares Estimation of Spatiotemporal Distributions from Dynamic Cone Beam SPECT Projections .	Bryan W. Reutter,Grant T. Gullberg,Ronald H. Huesman	2000	Direct Least Squares Estimation of Spatiotemporal Distributions from Dynamic Cone Beam SPECT Projections .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Brain Tissue Classification of Magnetic Resonance Images Using Partial Volume Modeling.	Su Ruan,Cyril Jaggi,Jing-Hao Xue,Mohamed-Jalal Fadili,Daniel Bloyet	2000	Brain Tissue Classification of Magnetic Resonance Images Using Partial Volume Modeling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonparametric Regression Sinogram Smoothing using a Roughness-Penalized Poisson Likelihood Objective Function.	Patrick J. La Rivière,Xiaochuan Pan	2000	Nonparametric Regression Sinogram Smoothing using a Roughness-Penalized Poisson Likelihood Objective Function.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of the Adaptive Speckle Suppression Filter for Coronary Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging.	Jadwiga Rogowska,Mark E. Brezinski	2000	Evaluation of the Adaptive Speckle Suppression Filter for Coronary Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spiral Interpolation Algorithms for Multi-Slice Spiral CT Part I: Theory.	Stefan Schaller,Thomas Flohr,Klaus Klingenbeck,Jens Krause,Theobald O. J. Fuchs,Willi A. Kalender	2000	Spiral Interpolation Algorithms for Multi-Slice Spiral CT Part I: Theory.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularization for Uniform Spatial Resolution Properties in Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction.	J. Webster Stayman,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2000	Regularization for Uniform Spatial Resolution Properties in Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact Radon rebinning algorithm for the long object problem in helical cone-beam CT.	Stefan Schaller,F. Noo,F. Sauer,K. C. Tam,Günter Lauritsch,Thomas Flohr,Siemens Erlangen	2000	Exact Radon rebinning algorithm for the long object problem in helical cone-beam CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of Physical Space to Laparoscopic Image Space for use in Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery.	James D. Stefansic,Alan J. Herline,Yu Shyr,William C. Chapman,J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Robert L. Galloway	2000	Registration of Physical Space to Laparoscopic Image Space for use in Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accurate Alignment of Functional EPI Data to Anatomical MRI Using a Physics Based Distortion Model.	Colin Studholme,R. Todd Constable,James S. Duncan	2000	Accurate Alignment of Functional EPI Data to Anatomical MRI Using a Physics Based Distortion Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On the Optimality of the Gridding Reconstruction Algorithm.	Hossein Sedarat,Dwight G. Nishimura	2000	On the Optimality of the Gridding Reconstruction Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Parametric Estimate of Intensity Inhomogeneities Applied to MRI.	Martin Styner,Christian Brechbühler,Gábor Székely,Guido Gerig	2000	Parametric Estimate of Intensity Inhomogeneities Applied to MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Penalized Weighted Least-Squares Image Reconstruction for Dual Energy X-ray Transmission Tomography.	Predrag Sukovic,Neal H. Clinthorne	2000	Penalized Weighted Least-Squares Image Reconstruction for Dual Energy X-ray Transmission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Left Ventricular Motion Reconstruction Based on Elastic Vector Splines.	David Suter,Fang Chen	2000	Left Ventricular Motion Reconstruction Based on Elastic Vector Splines.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Probabilistic Modelling of Single Trial fMRI Data.	Markus Svensén,Frithjof Kruggel,D. Yves von Cramon	2000	Probabilistic Modelling of Single Trial fMRI Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Point-Tracked Quantitative Analysis of Left Ventricular Surface Motion from 3D Image Sequences.	Pengcheng Shi,Albert J. Sinusas,R. Todd Constable,Erik L. Ritman,James S. Duncan	2000	Point-Tracked Quantitative Analysis of Left Ventricular Surface Motion from 3D Image Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Medical Image Segmentation Using Analysis of Isolabel-Contour Maps.	Smadar Shiffman,Geoffrey D. Rubin,Sandy Napel	2000	Medical Image Segmentation Using Analysis of Isolabel-Contour Maps.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact spiral scan region-of-interest cone beam reconstruction via backprojection.	Kwok C. Tam,Guenter Lauritsch,K. Sourbelle,Frank Sauer,B. Ladendorf	2000	Exact spiral scan region-of-interest cone beam reconstruction via backprojection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interpolation Revisited.	Philippe Thévenaz,Thierry Blu,Michael Unser	2000	Interpolation Revisited.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noise Characterization of Block-Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm: I. Theory.	Edward J. Soares,Charles L. Byrne,Stephen J. Glick	2000	Noise Characterization of Block-Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm: I. Theory.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface interpolation from sparse cross-sections using region correspondence.	Graham M. Treece,Richard W. Prager,Andrew H. Gee,Laurence H. Berman	2000	Surface interpolation from sparse cross-sections using region correspondence.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Normalization of Local Contrast in Mammograms.	Wouter J. H. Veldkamp,Nico Karssemeijer	2000	Normalization of Local Contrast in Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of the Direct Fourier Method for Computed Tomography.	Johan Waldén	2000	Analysis of the Direct Fourier Method for Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of MRI Images from Data Acquired on a General Non-Regular Grid by Pseudoinverse Calculation.	Rik Van de Walle,Harrison H. Barrett,Kyle J. Myers,Maria I. Altbach,Bart Desplanques,Arthur F. Gmitro,Jan Cornelis,Ignace Lemahieu	2000	Reconstruction of MRI Images from Data Acquired on a General Non-Regular Grid by Pseudoinverse Calculation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extraction of the hepatic vascularture in rats using 3D micro-CT images.	Shu-Yen Wan,Atilla P. Kiraly,Erik L. Ritman,William E. Higgins	2000	Extraction of the hepatic vascularture in rats using 3D micro-CT images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guest Editorial - Multirow Detector and Cone-Beam Spiral/Helical CT.	Ge Wang,Carl Crawford,Willi A. Kalender	2000	Guest Editorial - Multirow Detector and Cone-Beam Spiral/Helical CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Enhanced 3D-reconstruction algorithms for C-Arm based interventional procedures.	Karl Wiesent,Karl Barth,Nassir Navab,Peter Durlak,Thomas Brunner,Oliver Schütz,Wolfgang Seissler	2000	Enhanced 3D-reconstruction algorithms for C-Arm based interventional procedures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A high resolution synthetic collimator for reconstructing 2D and 3D radiotracer distributions.	D. W. Wilson,Harrison H. Barrett,Eric Clarkson	2000	A high resolution synthetic collimator for reconstructing 2D and 3D radiotracer distributions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Delineation and Visualization of Vessels in 3D Angiographic Images.	Onno Wink,Wiro J. Niessen,Max A. Viergever	2000	Fast Delineation and Visualization of Vessels in 3D Angiographic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A 3D-reconstruction System for the Human Jaw Using a Sequence of Optical Images.	Sameh M. Yamany,Aly A. Farag,David Tasman,Allan G. Farman	2000	A 3D-reconstruction System for the Human Jaw Using a Sequence of Optical Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction Algorithm for Poly-Chromatic CT Imaging: Application to Beam Hardening Correction.	Chye Hwang Yan,Robert T. Whalen,Gary S. Beaupré,Shin Yi Yen,Sandy Napel	2000	Reconstruction Algorithm for Poly-Chromatic CT Imaging: Application to Beam Hardening Correction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Using a MRI Distortion Transfer Function to Characterize Motion of a Non-Rigid Object.	Weifang Yang,Michael R. Smith	2000	Using a MRI Distortion Transfer Function to Characterize Motion of a Non-Rigid Object.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Performance Characterisitics of the 3D OSEM Algorithm in the Reconstruction of Small Animal PET Images.	Rutao Yao,Jürgen Seidel,Calvin A. Johnson,Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon,Michael V. Green,Richard E. Carson	2000	Performance Characterisitics of the 3D OSEM Algorithm in the Reconstruction of Small Animal PET Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Grey-Scale Skeletonization of Small Vessels in Magnetic Resonance Angiography.	Peter J. Yim,Peter L. Choyke,Ronald M. Summers	2000	Grey-Scale Skeletonization of Small Vessels in Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Maximum Likelihood Transmission Image Reconstruction for Overlapping Transmission Beams.	Daniel F. Yu,Jeffrey A. Fessler,Edward P. Ficaro	2000	Maximum Likelihood Transmission Image Reconstruction for Overlapping Transmission Beams.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Unmatched projector/backprojector pairs in an iterative reconstruction algorithm.	Gengsheng L. Zeng,Grant T. Gullberg	2000	Unmatched projector/backprojector pairs in an iterative reconstruction algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Border Detection on Digitized Skin Tumor Images.	Zhao Zhang,William V. Stoecker,Randy H. Moss	2000	Border Detection on Digitized Skin Tumor Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	X-ray CT Metal Artifact Reduction Using Wavelets: An Application for Imaging Total Hipt Prostheses.	Shiying Zhao,Douglas D. Robertson,Ge Wang,Bruce R. Whiting,Kyongtae T. Bae	2000	X-ray CT Metal Artifact Reduction Using Wavelets: An Application for Imaging Total Hipt Prostheses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Feldkamp-Type Cone-Beam Tomography in the Wavelet Framework.	Shiying Zhao,Ge Wang	2000	Feldkamp-Type Cone-Beam Tomography in the Wavelet Framework.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Electronic Health Record Meets Digital Library: A New Environment for Achieving an Old Goal.	Betsy L. Humphreys	2000	Viewpoint: Electronic Health Record Meets Digital Library: A New Environment for Achieving an Old Goal.
JAMIA	Analysis of a Case: Solutions to Challenges Facing a University Digital Library and Press.	"Michael P. D'Alessandro,Jeffrey R. Galvin,Stephana I. Colbert,Donna M. D'Alessandro,Teresa A. Choi,Brian D. Aker,William S. Carlson,Gay D. Pelzer"	2000	Analysis of a Case: Solutions to Challenges Facing a University Digital Library and Press.
JAMIA	Graduate Education in Medical Informatics.	Robert M. Braude	2000	Graduate Education in Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	A Standard Metadata Scheme for Health Resources.	Stéfan Jacques Darmoni,Benoît Thirion	2000	A Standard Metadata Scheme for Health Resources.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Integrating Data from Legacy Systems Using Object Linking and Embedding Technology: Development of a Reporting System for Heavy Metal Poisoning Results.	Shang-Che Lin,Kavous Roumina,Adam Fadlalla,Walter H. Henricks	2000	Implementation Brief: Integrating Data from Legacy Systems Using Object Linking and Embedding Technology: Development of a Reporting System for Heavy Metal Poisoning Results.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Termination of a Contract to Implement an Enterprise Electronic Medical Record System.	Bryan L. Goddard	2000	Implementation Brief: Termination of a Contract to Implement an Enterprise Electronic Medical Record System.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluation of the Quality of Information Retrieval of Clinical Findings from a Computerized Patient Database Using a Semantic Terminological Model.	Philip J. B. Brown,Peter Sönksen	2000	Research Paper: Evaluation of the Quality of Information Retrieval of Clinical Findings from a Computerized Patient Database Using a Semantic Terminological Model.
JAMIA	Technology Brief: The Shadow Uniform Resource Locator: Standardizing Citations of Electronically Published Materials.	Joseph V. DiCarlo,Xavier Pastor,Barry P. Markovitz	2000	Technology Brief: The Shadow Uniform Resource Locator: Standardizing Citations of Electronically Published Materials.
JAMIA	Review: Embedded Structures and Representation of Nursing Knowledge.	Marcelline R. Harris,Judith R. Graves,Harold R. Solbrig,Peter L. Elkin,Christopher G. Chute	2000	Review: Embedded Structures and Representation of Nursing Knowledge.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Integration and Beyond: Linking Information from Disparate Sources and into Workflow.	William W. Stead,Randolph A. Miller,Mark A. Musen,William R. Hersh	2000	Review Paper: Integration and Beyond: Linking Information from Disparate Sources and into Workflow.
JAMIA	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Joshua Lederberg, PhD.	Edward H. Shortliffe,Thomas C. Rindfleisch	2000	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Joshua Lederberg, PhD.
JAMIA	The Cornerstones of Medical Informatics.	Nancy M. Lorenzi	2000	The Cornerstones of Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Informatics at NIH.	Edward H. Shortliffe,Vimla L. Patel	2000	Informatics at NIH.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluation of the Clinical LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes) Semantic Structure as a Terminology Model for Standardized Assessment Measures.	Suzanne Bakken,James J. Cimino,Robert E. Haskell,Rita Kukafka,Cindi Matsumoto,Garrett K. Chan,Stanley M. Huff	2000	Research Paper: Evaluation of the Clinical LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes) Semantic Structure as a Terminology Model for Standardized Assessment Measures.
JAMIA	Session Introduction: Managing Change: Report on a Cornerstone Session at the 1999 AMIA Fall Symposium.	Joan S. Ash	2000	Session Introduction: Managing Change: Report on a Cornerstone Session at the 1999 AMIA Fall Symposium.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Building a Virtual Network in a Community Health Research Training Program.	Francis Lau,Robert Hayward	2000	Research Paper: Building a Virtual Network in a Community Health Research Training Program.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Implementation of Clinical Guidelines via a Computer Charting System: Effect on the Care of Febrile Children Less than Three Years of Age.	David L. Schriger,Larry J. Baraff,Kelly Buller,Manali Ayatchit Shendrikar,Sameer Nagda,Edward J. Lin,Vladislav J. Mikulich,Shan Cretin	2000	Research Paper: Implementation of Clinical Guidelines via a Computer Charting System: Effect on the Care of Febrile Children Less than Three Years of Age.
JAMIA	White Paper: Toward Vocabulary Domain Specifications for Health Level 7 - coded Data Elements.	Suzanne Bakken,Keith E. Campbell,James J. Cimino,Stanley M. Huff,W. Ed Hammond	2000	White Paper: Toward Vocabulary Domain Specifications for Health Level 7 - coded Data Elements.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: GEM: A Proposal for a More Comprehensive Guideline Document Model Using XML.	Richard N. Shiffman,Bryant Thomas Karras,Abha Agrawal,Roland Chen,Luis N. Marenco,Sujai Nath	2000	Model Formulation: GEM: A Proposal for a More Comprehensive Guideline Document Model Using XML.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Methods for the Design and Administration of Web-based Surveys.	Titus Schleyer,Jane L. Forrest	2000	Research Paper: Methods for the Design and Administration of Web-based Surveys.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: WebEAV: Automatic Metadata-driven Generation of Web Interfaces to Entity-Attribute-Value Databases.	Prakash M. Nadkarni,Cynthia Brandt,Luis N. Marenco	2000	Application of Information Technology: WebEAV: Automatic Metadata-driven Generation of Web Interfaces to Entity-Attribute-Value Databases.
JAMIA	White Paper: Terminology Standards for Nursing: Collaboration at the Summit.	Judy G. Ozbolt	2000	White Paper: Terminology Standards for Nursing: Collaboration at the Summit.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Representing the UMLS as an Object-oriented Database: Modeling Issues and Advantages.	Huanying Gu,Yehoshua Perl,James Geller,Michael Halper,Li-min Liu,James J. Cimino	2000	Research Paper: Representing the UMLS as an Object-oriented Database: Modeling Issues and Advantages.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Improving Clinical Communication: A View from Psychology.	Julie Parker,Enrico W. Coiera	2000	Viewpoint: Improving Clinical Communication: A View from Psychology.
JAMIA	Review: An Object-oriented Taxonomy of Medical Data Presentations.	Justin Starren,Stephen B. Johnson	2000	Review: An Object-oriented Taxonomy of Medical Data Presentations.
JAMIA	Technology Evaluation: Comparative Evaluation of Three Continuous Speech Recognition Software Packages in the Generation of Medical Reports.	Eric G. Devine,Stephan A. Gaehde,Arthur C. Curtis	2000	Technology Evaluation: Comparative Evaluation of Three Continuous Speech Recognition Software Packages in the Generation of Medical Reports.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Exploring the Degree of Concordance of Coded and Textual Data in Answering Clinical Queries from a Clinical Data Repository.	H. David Stein,Prakash M. Nadkarni,Joseph Erdos,Perry L. Miller	2000	Research Paper: Exploring the Degree of Concordance of Coded and Textual Data in Answering Clinical Queries from a Clinical Data Repository.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Impact of a Computer-based Patient Record System on Data Collection, Knowledge Organization, and Reasoning.	Vimla L. Patel,André Kushniruk,Seungmi Yang,Jean-Francois Yale	2000	Research Paper: Impact of a Computer-based Patient Record System on Data Collection, Knowledge Organization, and Reasoning.
JAMIA	Case Report: The Use of Electronic Mail in Biomedical Communication.	Richard Costello,Anthony Shaw,Roz Cheetham,Robert J. Moots	2000	Case Report: The Use of Electronic Mail in Biomedical Communication.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Temporal Expressiveness in Querying a Time-stamp - based Clinical Database.	Daniel J. Nigrin,Isaac S. Kohane	2000	Application of Information Technology: Temporal Expressiveness in Querying a Time-stamp - based Clinical Database.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Comparing Response Time, Errors, and Satisfaction Between Text-based and Graphical User Interfaces During Nursing Order Tasks.	Nancy Staggers,David Kobus	2000	Research Paper: Comparing Response Time, Errors, and Satisfaction Between Text-based and Graphical User Interfaces During Nursing Order Tasks.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Interactions Between Clinical Informatics and Bioinformatics: A Case Study.	Russ B. Altman	2000	Viewpoint: The Interactions Between Clinical Informatics and Bioinformatics: A Case Study.
JAMIA	When to Use Web-based Surveys.	Jeremy C. Wyatt	2000	When to Use Web-based Surveys.
JAMIA	Application of Technology: Design and Implementation of a National Clinical Trials Registry.	Alexa T. McCray,Nicholas C. Ide	2000	Application of Technology: Design and Implementation of a National Clinical Trials Registry.
JAMIA	"Brief Review: Advanced Technology Program's Information Infrastructure for Healthcare Focused Program: A Brief History."	Bettijoyce Lide,Richard N. Spivack	2000	"Brief Review: Advanced Technology Program's Information Infrastructure for Healthcare Focused Program: A Brief History."
JAMIA	Viewpoint: When Conversation Is Better Than Computation.	Enrico W. Coiera	2000	Viewpoint: When Conversation Is Better Than Computation.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automatic Detection of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia from Chest X-ray Reports.	Marcelo Fiszman,Wendy Webber Chapman,Dominik Aronsky,R. Scott Evans,Peter J. Haug	2000	Research Paper: Automatic Detection of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia from Chest X-ray Reports.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Clinical Classification and Terminology: Some History and Current Observations.	Christopher G. Chute	2000	Viewpoint: Clinical Classification and Terminology: Some History and Current Observations.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Representing Nursing Activities within a Concept-oriented Terminological System: Evaluation of a Type Definition.	"Suzanne Bakken,Margaret Cashen,Eneida A. Mendonça,Ann O'Brien,Joan Zieniewicz"	2000	Model Formulation: Representing Nursing Activities within a Concept-oriented Terminological System: Evaluation of a Type Definition.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Biomedical Publishing and the Internet: Evolution or Revolution?	Michael W. Jacobson	2000	Viewpoint: Biomedical Publishing and the Internet: Evolution or Revolution?
JAMIA	"Viewpoint: Biomedicine's Electronic Publishing Paradigm Shift: Copyright Policy and PubMed Central."	Barry P. Markovitz	2000	"Viewpoint: Biomedicine's Electronic Publishing Paradigm Shift: Copyright Policy and PubMed Central."
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Information Economics and the Internet.	Enrico W. Coiera	2000	Viewpoint: Information Economics and the Internet.
JAMIA	Session Introduction: Representing Knowledge: Introduction to the Cornerstone I Session at the 1999 AMIA Annual Symposium.	Suzanne Bakken	2000	Session Introduction: Representing Knowledge: Introduction to the Cornerstone I Session at the 1999 AMIA Annual Symposium.
JAMIA	Assessing Data Quality: From Concordance, through Correctness and Completeness, to Valid Manipulatable Representations.	Patricia Flatley Brennan,William W. Stead	2000	Assessing Data Quality: From Concordance, through Correctness and Completeness, to Valid Manipulatable Representations.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Bayesian Communication: A Clinically Significant Paradigm for Electronic Publication.	Harold P. Lehmann,Steven N. Goodman	2000	Model Formulation: Bayesian Communication: A Clinically Significant Paradigm for Electronic Publication.
JAMIA	Electronic Publishing of Scholarly Communication in the Biomedical Sciences.	William R. Hersh,Thomas C. Rindfleisch	2000	Electronic Publishing of Scholarly Communication in the Biomedical Sciences.
JAMIA	Brief Review: Virtual Congresses.	Silvia Lecueder,Dante E. Manyari	2000	Brief Review: Virtual Congresses.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: GeneClinics: A Hybrid Text/Data Electronic Publishing Model Using XML Applied to Clinical Genetic Testing.	Peter Tarczy-Hornoch,Paul Shannon,Patty Baskin,Miriam Espeseth,Roberta A. Pagon	2000	Model Formulation: GeneClinics: A Hybrid Text/Data Electronic Publishing Model Using XML Applied to Clinical Genetic Testing.
JAMIA	Discussion Forum: Integration and Beyond: Panel Discussion.	William W. Stead,Randolph A. Miller,Mark A. Musen,William R. Hersh	2000	Discussion Forum: Integration and Beyond: Panel Discussion.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Exploring Performance Issues for a Clinical Database Organized Using an Entity-Attribute-Value Representation.	Roland Chen,Prakash M. Nadkarni,Luis N. Marenco,Forrest W. Levin,Joseph Erdos,Perry L. Miller	2000	Research Paper: Exploring Performance Issues for a Clinical Database Organized Using an Entity-Attribute-Value Representation.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: The Risks of Multimedia Methods: Effects of Actor's Race and Gender on Preferences for Health States."	Leslie A. Lenert,Jennifer Ziegler,Tina Lee,Christine Unfred,Ramy Mahmoud	2000	"Research Paper: The Risks of Multimedia Methods: Effects of Actor's Race and Gender on Preferences for Health States."
JAMIA	Review: From Data to Knowledge through Concept-oriented Terminologies: Experience with the Medical Entities Dictionary.	James J. Cimino	2000	Review: From Data to Knowledge through Concept-oriented Terminologies: Experience with the Medical Entities Dictionary.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Managing Change: An Overview.	Nancy M. Lorenzi,Robert T. Riley	2000	Review Paper: Managing Change: An Overview.
JAMIA	Bioinformatics and Clinical Informatics: The Imperative to Collaborate.	Isaac S. Kohane	2000	Bioinformatics and Clinical Informatics: The Imperative to Collaborate.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Variables That May Enhance Medical Students' Perceived Preparedness for Computer-based Testing."	Deirdre C. Lynch,Theodore W. Whitley,David A. Emmerling,Jack E. Brinn	2000	"Research Paper: Variables That May Enhance Medical Students' Perceived Preparedness for Computer-based Testing."
JAMIA	Discussion Forum: Managing Change: Analysis of a Hypothetical Case.	Joan S. Ash,James G. Anderson,Paul N. Gorman,Rita D. Zielstorff,Natalie Norcross,Jody Pettit,Patricia Yao	2000	Discussion Forum: Managing Change: Analysis of a Hypothetical Case.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Usefulness of Dynamically Categorizing Search Results.	Wanda Pratt,Lawrence M. Fagan	2000	Research Paper: The Usefulness of Dynamically Categorizing Search Results.
JAMIA	Case Report: Use of the Equity Implementation Model to Review Clinical System Implementation Efforts: A Case Report.	Thomas W. Lauer,Kailash Joshi,Thomas Browdy	2000	Case Report: Use of the Equity Implementation Model to Review Clinical System Implementation Efforts: A Case Report.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Mapping of Observation Codes Using Extensional Definitions.	Kenneth A. Zollo,Stanley M. Huff	2000	Research Paper: Automated Mapping of Observation Codes Using Extensional Definitions.
JAMIA	Research Paper: PathMaster: Content-based Cell Image Retrieval Using Automated Feature Extraction.	Mark E. Mattie,Lawrence H. Staib,Eric Stratmann,Hemant D. Tagare,James S. Duncan,Perry L. Miller	2000	Research Paper: PathMaster: Content-based Cell Image Retrieval Using Automated Feature Extraction.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Opportunities at the Intersection of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics: A Case Study.	Perry L. Miller	2000	Viewpoint: Opportunities at the Intersection of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics: A Case Study.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Assessing the Quality of Clinical Data in a Computer-based Record for Calculating the Pneumonia Severity Index.	Dominik Aronsky,Peter J. Haug	2000	Research Paper: Assessing the Quality of Clinical Data in a Computer-based Record for Calculating the Pneumonia Severity Index.
JAMIA	Analysis of a Case: From Paper to Electron: How an STM Journal Can Survive the Disruptive Technology of the Internet.	Kent R. Anderson	2000	Analysis of a Case: From Paper to Electron: How an STM Journal Can Survive the Disruptive Technology of the Internet.
JAMIA	"White Paper: Health Professionals' Views of Informatics Education: Findings from the AMIA 1999 Spring Conference."	Nancy Staggers,Carole A. Gassert,Diane J. Skiba	2000	"White Paper: Health Professionals' Views of Informatics Education: Findings from the AMIA 1999 Spring Conference."
JAMIA	Forum Paper: Are Medical Informatics and Nursing Informatics Distinct Disciplines?: The 1999 ACMI Debate.	Daniel R. Masys,Patricia Flatley Brennan,Judy G. Ozbolt,Milton Corn,Edward H. Shortliffe	2000	Forum Paper: Are Medical Informatics and Nursing Informatics Distinct Disciplines?: The 1999 ACMI Debate.
JAMIA	Review: Standards for Nursing Terminology.	Nicholas R. Hardiker,Derek Hoy,Anne Casey	2000	Review: Standards for Nursing Terminology.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Immune System as a Model for Pattern Recognition and Classification.	Jerome H. Carter	2000	Research Paper: The Immune System as a Model for Pattern Recognition and Classification.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Fast Exact String Pattern-matching Algorithms Adapted to the Characteristics of the Medical Language.	Christian Lovis,Robert H. Baud	2000	Research Paper: Fast Exact String Pattern-matching Algorithms Adapted to the Characteristics of the Medical Language.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Corpus-based Statistical Screening for Phrase Identification.	Won Kim,W. John Wilbur	2000	Research Paper: Corpus-based Statistical Screening for Phrase Identification.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Comparison of the Effects of Computer and Manual Reminders on Compliance with a Mental Health Clinical Practice Guideline.	Dale S. Cannon,Steven N. Allen	2000	Research Paper: A Comparison of the Effects of Computer and Manual Reminders on Compliance with a Mental Health Clinical Practice Guideline.
JAMIA	An AMIA Perspective on Proposed Regulation of Privacy of Health Information.	Paul C. Tang	2000	An AMIA Perspective on Proposed Regulation of Privacy of Health Information.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Section on Medical Expert and Knowledge-Based Systems at the Department of Medical Computer Sciences of the University of Vienna Medical School.	Klaus-Peter Adlassnig	2001	The Section on Medical Expert and Knowledge-Based Systems at the Department of Medical Computer Sciences of the University of Vienna Medical School.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logarithmic simulated annealing for X-ray diagnosis.	Andreas Alexander Albrecht,Kathleen Steinhöfel,Matthias Taupitz,C. K. Wong	2001	Logarithmic simulated annealing for X-ray diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neuro-fuzzy closed-loop control of depth of anaesthesia.	Robert Allen,David Smith	2001	Neuro-fuzzy closed-loop control of depth of anaesthesia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Information visualization and its application to medicine.	Luca Chittaro	2001	Information visualization and its application to medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy sets in human anatomy.	Hubertus Axer,Dagmar Südfeld,Diedrich Graf v. Keyserlingk,Georg Berks	2001	Fuzzy sets in human anatomy.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The application of ontologies and problem-solving methods for the development of shareable guidelines.	Paul A. de Clercq,Arie Hasman,Johannes A. Blom,Hendrikus H. M. Korsten	2001	The application of ontologies and problem-solving methods for the development of shareable guidelines.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Estimation of respiratory parameters via fuzzy clustering.	R. Babuka,L. Alic,M. S. Lourens,A. F. M. Verbraak,J. Bogaard	2001	Estimation of respiratory parameters via fuzzy clustering.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Managing uncertainty in diagnosis of acute coronaric ischemia.	Pietro Baroni,Giovanni Guida,Marina Zanella	2001	Managing uncertainty in diagnosis of acute coronaric ischemia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy logic in a patient supervision system.	Senén Barro,Roque Marín,Francisco Palacios Ortega,Ramon Ruíz	2001	Fuzzy logic in a patient supervision system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multicriteria fuzzy assignment method: a useful tool to assist medical diagnosis.	Nabil Belacel,Mohamed Rachid Boulassel	2001	Multicriteria fuzzy assignment method: a useful tool to assist medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy logic for decision support in chronic care.	Gleb Beliakov,James R. Warren	2001	Fuzzy logic for decision support in chronic care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Learning from biomedical time series through the integration of qualitative models and fuzzy systems.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Raffaella Guglielmann,Liliana Ironi	2001	Learning from biomedical time series through the integration of qualitative models and fuzzy systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Tuning of myoelectric prostheses using fuzzy logic.	C. Bonivento,A. Davalli,C. Fantuzzi	2001	Tuning of myoelectric prostheses using fuzzy logic.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using fuzzy sets to analyze putative correlates between age, blood type, gender and/or race with bacterial infection.	Diana R. Cundell,Randy S. Silibovsky,Robyn Sanders,Les M. Sztandera	2001	Using fuzzy sets to analyze putative correlates between age, blood type, gender and/or race with bacterial infection.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A hybrid expert system for the diagnosis of epileptic crisis.	Lourdes Mattos Brasil,Fernando Mendes de Azevedo,Jorge Muniz Barreto	2001	A hybrid expert system for the diagnosis of epileptic crisis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Mining association rules with improved semantics in medical databases.	Miguel Delgado,Daniel Sánchez,Maria J. Martín-Bautista,María Amparo Vila Miranda	2001	Mining association rules with improved semantics in medical databases.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploring presentation methods for tomographic medical image viewing.	Johanna E. van der Heyden,Kori Inkpen,M. Stella Atkins,M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale	2001	Exploring presentation methods for tomographic medical image viewing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Building Natural Language Generation Systems - Ehud Reiter and Robert Dale (Eds.), University of Aberdeen and Macquarie University, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-62036-8.	Helmut Horacek	2001	Building Natural Language Generation Systems - Ehud Reiter and Robert Dale (Eds.), University of Aberdeen and Macquarie University, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-62036-8.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AI in medicine on its way from knowledge-intensive to data-intensive systems.	Werner Horn	2001	AI in medicine on its way from knowledge-intensive to data-intensive systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based verification of clinical guidelines by detection of anomalies.	Georg Duftschmid,Silvia Miksch	2001	Knowledge-based verification of clinical guidelines by detection of anomalies.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A formal framework of knowledge to support rational psychoactive drug selection.	Dirk Van Hyfte,Arnoud Van Der Maas,Tikma Tjandra-Maga,Pieter De Vries Robbé	2001	A formal framework of knowledge to support rational psychoactive drug selection.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The fuzzy medical group in the centre for computational Intelligence.	Peter R. Innocent,Robert Ivor John,Jonathan M. Garibaldi	2001	The fuzzy medical group in the centre for computational Intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Feature subset selection by genetic algorithms and estimation of distribution algorithms - A case study in the survival of cirrhotic patients treated with TIPS.	Iñaki Inza,Marisa Merino,Pedro Larrañaga,Jorge Quiroga,Basilio Sierra,Marcos Girala	2001	Feature subset selection by genetic algorithms and estimation of distribution algorithms - A case study in the survival of cirrhotic patients treated with TIPS.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Information visualisation in clinical Odontology: multidimensional analysis and interactive data exploration.	Göran Falkman	2001	Information visualisation in clinical Odontology: multidimensional analysis and interactive data exploration.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic segmentation of non-enhancing brain tumors in magnetic resonance images.	Lynn M. Fletcher-Heath,Lawrence O. Hall,Dmitry B. Goldgof,F. Reed Murtagh	2001	Automatic segmentation of non-enhancing brain tumors in magnetic resonance images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computerised anaesthesia monitoring using fuzzy trend templates.	Richard W. Jones,Michael J. Harrison,Andrew Lowe	2001	Computerised anaesthesia monitoring using fuzzy trend templates.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A neural network approach to the outcome definition on first treatment with sertraline in a psychiatric population.	L. Franchini,C. Spagnolo,D. Rossini,E. Smeraldi,L. Bellodi,E. Politi	2001	A neural network approach to the outcome definition on first treatment with sertraline in a psychiatric population.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AIM portraits: tracing the evolution of artificial intelligence in medicine and predicting its future in the new millennium.	Elpida T. Keravnou,Nada Lavrac	2001	AIM portraits: tracing the evolution of artificial intelligence in medicine and predicting its future in the new millennium.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Renoir, Pneumon-IA and Terap-IA: three medical applications based on fuzzy logic.	Lluis Godo,Ramon López de Mántaras,Josep Puyol-Gruart,Carles Sierra	2001	Renoir, Pneumon-IA and Terap-IA: three medical applications based on fuzzy logic.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Machine learning for medical diagnosis: history, state of the art and perspective.	Igor Kononenko	2001	Machine learning for medical diagnosis: history, state of the art and perspective.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans.	Robert Kosara,Silvia Miksch	2001	Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A method for automated temporal knowledge acquisition applied to sleep-related breathing disorders.	Gabriela Guimarães,J.-H. Peter,Thomas Penzel,Alfred Ultsch	2001	A method for automated temporal knowledge acquisition applied to sleep-related breathing disorders.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge discovery approach to automated cardiac SPECT diagnosis.	Lukasz A. Kurgan,Krzysztof J. Cios,Ryszard Tadeusiewicz,Marek R. Ogiela,Lucy S. Goodenday	2001	Knowledge discovery approach to automated cardiac SPECT diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Intelligent Systems in Biomedicine laboratory in the Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Sheffield, UK.	Derek A. Linkens,Mahdi Mahfouf	2001	The Intelligent Systems in Biomedicine laboratory in the Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Sheffield, UK.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical informatics: reasoning methods.	William J. Long	2001	Medical informatics: reasoning methods.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The graphical presentation of decision support information in an intelligent anaesthesia monitor.	Andrew Lowe,Richard W. Jones,Michael J. Harrison	2001	The graphical presentation of decision support information in an intelligent anaesthesia monitor.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A survey of fuzzy logic monitoring and control utilisation in medicine.	Mahdi Mahfouf,Maysam F. Abbod,Derek A. Linkens	2001	A survey of fuzzy logic monitoring and control utilisation in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploiting the advantages of symbolically interpretable continuous biomedical parameters with a fuzzyfied symbolic model.	Lorenzo Moreno,J. I. Estévez,R. M. Aguilar,José F. Sigut,C. S. González	2001	Exploiting the advantages of symbolically interpretable continuous biomedical parameters with a fuzzyfied symbolic model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A sequential neural network model for diabetes prediction.	Jin Park,Dee W. Edington	2001	A sequential neural network model for diabetes prediction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bleeding predisposition assessments in tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy patients using fuzzy interquartile encoded neural networks.	Nicolino J. Pizzi	2001	Bleeding predisposition assessments in tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy patients using fuzzy interquartile encoded neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	EvIdent(TM): a functional magnetic resonance image analysis system.	Nicolino J. Pizzi,Rodrigo A. Vivanco,Ray L. Somorjai	2001	EvIdent(TM): a functional magnetic resonance image analysis system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Flexible guideline-based patient careflow systems.	Silvana Quaglini,Mario Stefanelli,Giordano Lanzola,Vincenzo Caporusso,Silvia Panzarasa	2001	Flexible guideline-based patient careflow systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	AIM: a personal view of where I have been and where we might be going.	Alan L. Rector	2001	AIM: a personal view of where I have been and where we might be going.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data mining for indicators of early mortality in a database of clinical records.	Graeme Richards,Victor J. Rayward-Smith,P. H. Sönksen,S. Carey,C. Weng	2001	Data mining for indicators of early mortality in a database of clinical records.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Fuzzy Revolution: Goodbye to the Aristotelian Weltanschauung.	Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh	2001	The Fuzzy Revolution: Goodbye to the Aristotelian Weltanschauung.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based reasoning for antibiotics therapy advice: an investigation of retrieval algorithms and prototypes.	Rainer Schmidt,Lothar Gierl	2001	Case-based reasoning for antibiotics therapy advice: an investigation of retrieval algorithms and prototypes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	ONCODOC: a successful experiment of computer-supported guideline development and implementation in the treatment of breast cancer.	Brigitte Séroussi,Jacques Bouaud,Éric-Charles Antoine	2001	ONCODOC: a successful experiment of computer-supported guideline development and implementation in the treatment of breast cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using Bayesian networks in the construction of a bi-level multi-classifier. A case study using intensive care unit patients data.	Basilio Sierra,Nicolás Serrano,Pedro Larrañaga,Eliseo J. Plasencia,Iñaki Inza,Juan José Jiménez,Pedro Revuelta,María Luisa Mora	2001	Using Bayesian networks in the construction of a bi-level multi-classifier. A case study using intensive care unit patients data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A new virtual reality approach for planning of cardiac interventions.	Thomas Sangild Sørensen,Søren Vorre Therkildsen,Piotr Makowski,Jørgen Lindskov Knudsen,Erik Morre Pedersen	2001	A new virtual reality approach for planning of cardiac interventions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Visualization and interactive analysis of blood parameters with InfoZoom.	Michael Spenke	2001	Visualization and interactive analysis of blood parameters with InfoZoom.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The socio-organizational age of artificial intelligence in medicine.	Mario Stefanelli	2001	The socio-organizational age of artificial intelligence in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	On the use and usefulness of fuzzy sets in medical AI.	Friedrich Steimann	2001	On the use and usefulness of fuzzy sets in medical AI.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy methods in tremor assessment, prediction, and rehabilitation.	Horia-Nicolai L. Teodorescu,Mircea Chelaru,Abraham Kandel,Ioan Tofan,Mihaela Irimia	2001	Fuzzy methods in tremor assessment, prediction, and rehabilitation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Report of research activities in fuzzy AI and medicine at USF CSE.	Horia-Nicolai L. Teodorescu,Abraham Kandel,Lawrence O. Hall	2001	Report of research activities in fuzzy AI and medicine at USF CSE.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A modular approach for representing and executing clinical guidelines.	Paolo Terenziani,Gianpaolo Molino,Mauro Torchio	2001	A modular approach for representing and executing clinical guidelines.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Proactive health computing.	Toomas Timpka	2001	Proactive health computing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multiple representations and multi-modal reasoning in medical diagnostic systems.	Pietro Torasso	2001	Multiple representations and multi-modal reasoning in medical diagnostic systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Foudations of Rational Agency - M. Wooldridge, A. Rao (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN 0-7923-5601-2.	Hans Weigand	2001	Foudations of Rational Agency - M. Wooldridge, A. Rao (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN 0-7923-5601-2.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A fuzzy approach to computer-assisted myocardial ischemia diagnosis.	Sorina Zahan	2001	A fuzzy approach to computer-assisted myocardial ischemia diagnosis.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Letters to the Editor.	Andrew D. Basehoar	2001	Letters to the Editor.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Editorial: Methodological Review.		2001	Editorial: Methodological Review.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Book Reviews.		2001	Book Reviews.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Hybrid Input-Output Approach to Model Metabolic Systems: An Application to Intracellular Thiamine Kinetics.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Raffaella Guglielmann,Liliana Ironi,Cesare Patrini	2001	A Hybrid Input-Output Approach to Model Metabolic Systems: An Application to Intracellular Thiamine Kinetics.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare.	M. N. Kamel Boulos,Abdul V. Roudsari,Ewart R. Carson	2001	Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Toward a Representation Format for Sharable Clinical Guidelines.	Aziz A. Boxwala,Samson W. Tu,Mor Peleg,Qing T. Zeng,Omolola Ogunyemi,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe,Vimla L. Patel	2001	Toward a Representation Format for Sharable Clinical Guidelines.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Comparing the Similarity of Time-Series Gene Expression Using Signal Processing Metrics.	Atul J. Butte,Ling Bao,Ben Y. Reis,Timothy W. Watkins,Isaac S. Kohane	2001	Many algorithms have been used to cluster genes measured by microarray across a time series. Instead of clustering, our goal was to compare all pairs of genes to determine whether there was evidence of a phase shift between them. We describe a technique where gene expression is treated as a discrete time-invariant signal, allowing the use of digital signal-processing tools, including power spectral density, coherence, and transfer gain and phase shift. We used these on a public RNA expression set of 2467 genes measured every 7 min for 119 min and found 18 putative associations. Two of these were known in the biomedical literature and may have been missed using correlation coefficients. Digital signal processing tools can be embedded and enhance existing clustering algorithms.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	High-Performance Implementation and Analysis of the Linkmap Program.	Kulin Kothari,Noé Lopez-Benitez,S. E. Poduslo	2001	Linkage analysis uses information from family pedigrees to map genes and locate disease genes on particular chromosomes. A recombination fraction denoted as θ is estimated as a measure of crossing over between two loci. Genetic linkage calculations are very time-consuming particularly for large family pedigrees, a large number of θ values, and an increased number of markers. This paper reports the implementation of a dynamic master-slave scheme for the parallelization of the Link-map program on a high-performance cluster such as the Origin 2000 (O2K) consisting of 56 R12000 processors. The Linkmap program is one of four programs in the LINKAGE/FASTLINK legacy package widely used by the medical research community. Implementations issues are addressed and results are compared with previous results on a cluster of DEC Alphas, and with the sequential execution on the O2K machine.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Symbolic Representation of Anatomical Knowledge: Concept Classification and Development Strategies.	Pietro Cerveri,Francesco Pinciroli	2001	Symbolic Representation of Anatomical Knowledge: Concept Classification and Development Strategies.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Negated Findings and Diseases in Discharge Summaries.	Wendy Webber Chapman,Will Bridewell,Paul Hanbury,Gregory F. Cooper,Bruce G. Buchanan	2001	A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Negated Findings and Diseases in Discharge Summaries.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Analysis of Complex Decision-Making Processes in Health Care: Cognitive Approaches to Health Informatics.	André Kushniruk	2001	Analysis of Complex Decision-Making Processes in Health Care: Cognitive Approaches to Health Informatics.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Comparison of Classification Algorithms to Automatically Identify Chest X-Ray Reports That Support Pneumonia.	Wendy Webber Chapman,Marcelo Fiszman,Brian E. Chapman,Peter J. Haug	2001	A Comparison of Classification Algorithms to Automatically Identify Chest X-Ray Reports That Support Pneumonia.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Automatic Lumbar Vertebral Identification Using Surface-Based Registration.	Jeannette L. Herring,Benoit M. Dawant	2001	Automatic Lumbar Vertebral Identification Using Surface-Based Registration.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Clinical Knowledge and Practice in the Information Age: A Handbook for Health Professionals.	James J. Cimino	2001	Clinical Knowledge and Practice in the Information Age: A Handbook for Health Professionals.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Patient Safety, Potential Adverse Drug Events, and Medical Device Design: A Human Factors Engineering Approach.	Laura Lin,Kim J. Vicente,D. John Doyle	2001	Patient Safety, Potential Adverse Drug Events, and Medical Device Design: A Human Factors Engineering Approach.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Disambiguating Ambiguous Biomedical Terms in Biomedical Narrative Text: An Unsupervised Method.	Hongfang Liu,Yves A. Lussier,Carol Friedman	2001	Disambiguating Ambiguous Biomedical Terms in Biomedical Narrative Text: An Unsupervised Method.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Selective Automated Indexing of Findings and Diagnoses in Radiology Reports.	William R. Hersh,Mark Mailhot,Catherine Arnott-Smith,Henry J. Lowe	2001	Selective Automated Indexing of Findings and Diagnoses in Radiology Reports.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Digital Subtraction Angiogram Registration Method with Local Distortion Vectors to Decrease Motion Artifact.	Kyoichi Hiroshima,Raiko Funakami,Kouichirou Hiratsuka,Junji Nishino,Tomohiro Odaka,Hisakazu Ogura,Tetuya Fukushima,Yasuhiro Nishimoto,Masato Tanaka,Harumi Ito,Kazutaka Yamamoto	2001	Digital Subtraction Angiogram Registration Method with Local Distortion Vectors to Decrease Motion Artifact.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for the Diagnosis of Pigmented Skin Lesions.	Stephan Dreiseitl,Lucila Ohno-Machado,Harald Kittler,Staal A. Vinterbo,Holger Billhardt,Michael Binder	2001	A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for the Diagnosis of Pigmented Skin Lesions.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics: European Efforts to Facilitate Synergy.	Victor Maojo,Ilias Iakovidis,Fernando Martín-Sánchez,José Crespo,Casimir A. Kulikowski	2001	Over the past decade there have been several attempts to rethink the basic strategies and scope of medical informatics. Meanwhile, bioinformatics has only recently experienced a similar debate about its scientific character. Both disciplines envision the development of novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and management tools, and products for patient care. A combination of the expertise of medical informatics in developing clinical applications and the focused principles that have guided bioinformatics could create a synergy between the two areas of application. Such interaction could have a great influence on future health research and the ultimate goal, namely continuity and individualization of health care. This article summarizes current activities related to facilitating synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics, emphasizing activities in Europe while relating them to efforts in other parts of the world. The report provides examples of the analysis that European investigators are carrying out, aiming to propose new ideas for collaborations between medical informatics and bioinformatics researchers in a variety of areas.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Methodology Used for ""Software for Automated Linkage in Italy"" (SALI)."	Luigino Dal Maso,Claudia Braga,Silvia Franceschi	2001	Linkage of epidemiological registries can provide cost-effective information on the associations between different diseases or exposures in the population under study and on completeness of surveillance system databases. We describe the program SALI (software for automated linkage in Italy) aimed at matching individual records from medium-sized registries (in the order of 100,000 records), where the desired outcome is to miss as few links as possible and, because of low link-likelihood (>1%), a manual revision of matched pairs is feasible. SALI, developed in CA-Clipper language, uses registry files in dBase format. It requires only name, surname, and date of birth as key fields, and it allows for spelling errors in Italian or other Latin languages through a specific algorithm. Furthermore, a double-blind procedure ensures data confidentiality. The main linkage procedure is based on four stages, two automatic ones, and two where the operator can decide through specific windows whether to accept stage-selected matches. SALI takes into account possible errors in key fields thus reducing false negatives. It was used to solve the problem of linkage between AIDS and cancer registries in Italy. It can be used with every IBM-compatible computer system, assuring uniquely high portability.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Use of an Interactive Tool to Assess Patients' Willingness-to-Pay."	Debora Matthews,Angela Rocchi,Edward C. Y. Wang,Amiram Gafni	2001	"Use of an Interactive Tool to Assess Patients' Willingness-to-Pay."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Accessing Heterogeneous Sources of Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions.	Eneida A. Mendonça,James J. Cimino,Stephen B. Johnson,Yoon-Ho Seol	2001	Accessing Heterogeneous Sources of Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Maintaining and Incrementally Revalidating a Computer-Based Clinical Guideline: A Case Study.	Perry L. Miller,Sandra J. Frawley,Frederick G. Sayward	2001	Maintaining and Incrementally Revalidating a Computer-Based Clinical Guideline: A Case Study.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Exploring the Utility of Demographic Data and Vaccination History Data in the Deduplication of Immunization Registry Patient Records.	Perry L. Miller,Sandra J. Frawley,Frederick G. Sayward	2001	Exploring the Utility of Demographic Data and Vaccination History Data in the Deduplication of Immunization Registry Patient Records.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Automatic Localization of Cephalometric Landmarks.	Vicente Grau,Mariano Alcañiz Raya,M. Carmen Juan Lizandra,Carlos Monserrat,Christian Knoll	2001	Automatic Localization of Cephalometric Landmarks.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cell Image Segmentation with Kernel-Based Dynamic Clustering and an Ellipsoidal Cell Shape Model.	Faguo Yang,Tianzi Jiang	2001	Cell Image Segmentation with Kernel-Based Dynamic Clustering and an Ellipsoidal Cell Shape Model.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Image Understanding Methods in Biomedical Informatics and Digital Imaging.	Marek R. Ogiela,Ryszard Tadeusiewicz	2001	This paper will present new possibilities for the application of image recognition methods and AI application in biomedical informatics as well as semantically oriented analysis of 2D images of coronary arteries originating from coronography examinations. In particular this paper presents the possibilities for computer analysis and recognition of local stenoses of the lumen of coronary arteries via the application of syntactic methods of pattern recognition. Such stenoses are the result of the appearance of arteriosclerosis plaques, which in consequence lead to different forms of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Such diseases may be seen in the form of stable or unstable disturbances of heart rhythm or infarction. Analysis of the correct morphology of these artery lumina is made possible with the application of syntactic analysis and pattern recognition methods, in particular with the attribute, context-free grammar of look-ahead LR(1) type.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Modeling Medical Prognosis: Survival Analysis Techniques.	Lucila Ohno-Machado	2001	Medical prognosis has played an increasing role in health care. Reliable prognostic models that are based on survival analysis techniques have been recently applied to a variety of domains, with varying degrees of success. In this article, we review some methods commonly used to model time-oriented data, such as Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards, and logistic regression, and discuss their applications in medical prognosis. Nonlinear, nonparametric models such as neural networks have increasingly been used for building prognostic models. We review their use in several medical domains and discuss different implementation strategies. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods are outlined, as well as pointers to pertinent literature.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	An Evaluation of Extended vs. Weighted Least Squares for Parameter Estimation in Physiological Modeling.	Mary E. Spilker,Paolo Vicini	2001	An Evaluation of Extended vs. Weighted Least Squares for Parameter Estimation in Physiological Modeling.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Heterogeneous Database Integration in Biomedicine.	Walter Sujansky	2001	Heterogeneous Database Integration in Biomedicine.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Knowledge-Based, Concept-Oriented View Generation System for Clinical Data.	Qing T. Zeng,James J. Cimino	2001	A Knowledge-Based, Concept-Oriented View Generation System for Clinical Data.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Methods of Cognitive Analysis to Support the Design and Evaluation of Biomedical Systems: The Case of Clinical Practice Guidelines.	Vimla L. Patel,José F. Arocha,Melissa Diermeier,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe	2001	Methods of Cognitive Analysis to Support the Design and Evaluation of Biomedical Systems: The Case of Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Sharable Representation of Clinical Guidelines in GLIF: Relationship to the Arden Syntax.	Mor Peleg,Aziz A. Boxwala,Elmer V. Bernstam,Samson W. Tu,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe	2001	Sharable Representation of Clinical Guidelines in GLIF: Relationship to the Arden Syntax.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Extracting Knowledge from Dynamics in Gene Expression.	Ben Y. Reis,Atul J. Butte,Isaac S. Kohane	2001	Extracting Knowledge from Dynamics in Gene Expression.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Reply.	Ben Y. Reis,Atul J. Butte,Isaac S. Kohane	2001	Reply.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Representing Patient Preference-Related Concepts for Inclusion in Electronic Health Records.	Cornelia M. Ruland,Suzanne Bakken	2001	"In recent years shared decision making between patients and their health care providers and the inclusion of patient preferences in patient care have been, in theory, embraced as models for good clinical practice. Patients' experiences, values, and preferences are increasingly acknowledged as important pieces of evidence for appropriate health care decision making. To effectively use information about patient preferences in patient care, this information, which is gathered through a process of preference elicitation, needs to be integrated with other types of information, e.g., diagnoses, treatments, and patient status indicators within the context of a longitudinal electronic health record. This integration requires that patient preference-related concepts be represented nonambiguously and in a manner that renders them suitable for computer rather than human processing. In this article, the authors describe important patient preference-related concepts and illustrate the use of the LOINC semantic structure as a terminology model to create fully specified names for a sample of 15 preference elicitations from 8 published research articles."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Wavelets and Imaging Informatics: A Review of the Literature.	James Ze Wang	2001	Wavelets and Imaging Informatics: A Review of the Literature.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Compact storage of medical images with patient information.	U. Rajendra Acharya,D. Acharya,P. Subbanna Bhat,U. C. Niranjan	2001	Compact storage of medical images with patient information.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Imaging and visualization of 3-D cardiac electric activity.	Bin He,Dongsheng Wu	2001	Imaging and visualization of 3-D cardiac electric activity.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A new concept toward computer-aided medical diagnosis - a prototype implementation addressing pulmonary diseases.	George-Peter K. Economou,Dimitris K. Lymberopoulos,Evy I. Karavatselou,Constantine A. Chassomeris	2001	A new concept toward computer-aided medical diagnosis - a prototype implementation addressing pulmonary diseases.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Agents acting and moving in healthcare scenario - a paradigm for telemedical collaboration.	Vincenzo Della Mea	2001	Agents acting and moving in healthcare scenario - a paradigm for telemedical collaboration.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Adopting telemedicine services in the airline framework.	F. Beltrame,K. Boddy,Piergiulio Maryni	2001	Adopting telemedicine services in the airline framework.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Medical image compression by discrete cosine transform spectral similarity strategy.	Yung-Gi Wu,Shen-Chuan Tai	2001	Medical image compression by discrete cosine transform spectral similarity strategy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Neural-network compensation methods for capacitive micromachined accelerometers for use in telecare medicine.	Elena I. Gaura,Richard J. Rider,Nigel Steele,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib	2001	Neural-network compensation methods for capacitive micromachined accelerometers for use in telecare medicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Wavelet-based space-frequency compression of ultrasound images.	Ed Chiu,Jacques Vaisey,M. Stella Atkins	2001	Wavelet-based space-frequency compression of ultrasound images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Abstracting human control strategy in projecting light source.	Yangsheng Xu,Jiong Zhang	2001	Abstracting human control strategy in projecting light source.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A computer-based method for the assessment of body-image distortions in anorexia-nervosa patients.	Daniel Harari,Miriam Furst,Nahum Kiryati,Asaf Caspi,Michael Davidson	2001	A computer-based method for the assessment of body-image distortions in anorexia-nervosa patients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Real-time ECG transmission via Internet for nonclinical applications.	Alfredo I. Hernández,Fernando Mora,Guillermo Villegas,Gianfranco Passariello,Guy Carrault	2001	Real-time ECG transmission via Internet for nonclinical applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	ECG data compression using wavelets and higher order statistics methods.	Robert S. H. Istepanian,Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis,Stavros M. Panas	2001	ECG data compression using wavelets and higher order statistics methods.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-aided prototype system for nose surgery.	Tong-Yee Lee,Chao-Hung Lin,Han-Ying Lin	2001	Computer-aided prototype system for nose surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A 3-D marker-free system for the analysis of movement disabilities - an application to the legs.	Franck Marzani,Elodie F. Calais,Louis Legrand	2001	A 3-D marker-free system for the analysis of movement disabilities - an application to the legs.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A telematic system for oncology based on electronic health and patient records.	A. James,Y. Wilcox,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib	2001	A telematic system for oncology based on electronic health and patient records.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Meeting medical terminology needs-the ontology-enhanced Medical Concept Mapper.	Gondy Leroy,Hsinchun Chen	2001	Meeting medical terminology needs-the ontology-enhanced Medical Concept Mapper.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	OTE-TS - a new value-added telematics service for telemedicine applications.	Evy I. Karavatselou,George-Peter K. Economou,Constantine A. Chassomeris,Vassiliki Danelli-Mylonas,Dimitris K. Lymberopoulos	2001	OTE-TS - a new value-added telematics service for telemedicine applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A neural classifier enabling high-throughput topological analysis of lymphocytes in tissue sections.	Tim W. Nattkemper,Helge Ritter,Walter Schubert	2001	A neural classifier enabling high-throughput topological analysis of lymphocytes in tissue sections.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Watermarking medical signals for telemedicine.	Xuan Kong,Rui Feng	2001	Watermarking medical signals for telemedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel large-memory neural network as an aid in medical diagnosis applications.	Hubert Kordylewski,Daniel Graupe,Kai Liu	2001	A novel large-memory neural network as an aid in medical diagnosis applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"The G-algorithm for extraction of robust decision rules children's postoperative intra-atrial arrhythmia case study."	Andrew Kusiak,Ian H. Law,Dick MacDonald II	2001	"The G-algorithm for extraction of robust decision rules children's postoperative intra-atrial arrhythmia case study."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A three-year follow-up of Finnish telemedicine programs.	Hannu Lamminen,V. Sernberg,Keijo Ruohonen,R. Roine	2001	A three-year follow-up of Finnish telemedicine programs.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Object-oriented modeling of patients in a medical federation.	Michael D. Proctor,Gregory S. Creech	2001	Object-oriented modeling of patients in a medical federation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Magnetic resonance image analysis by information theoretic criteria and stochastic site models.	Yue Wang,Tülay Adali,Jianhua Xuan,Zsolt Szabo	2001	Magnetic resonance image analysis by information theoretic criteria and stochastic site models.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Blind separation of slow waves and spikes from gastrointestinal myoelectrical recordings.	Zhishun Wang,J. D. Z. Chen	2001	Blind separation of slow waves and spikes from gastrointestinal myoelectrical recordings.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	ECG data compression using truncated singular value decomposition.	Jyh-Jong Wei,Chuang-Jan Chang,Nai-Kuan Chou,Gwo-Jen Jan	2001	ECG data compression using truncated singular value decomposition.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A knowledge-based system for patient image pre-fetching in heterogeneous database environments - modeling, design, and evaluation.	Chih-Ping Wei,Paul Jen-Hwa Hu,Olivia R. Liu Sheng	2001	A knowledge-based system for patient image pre-fetching in heterogeneous database environments - modeling, design, and evaluation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Developing a regional healthcare information network.	M. Howard Williams,Gavin Venters,George Venters,David H. Marwick	2001	Developing a regional healthcare information network.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Simultaneous estimation of physiological parameters and the input function - in vivo PET data.	Koon-Pong Wong,David Dagan Feng,Steven R. Meikle,Michael J. Fulham	2001	Simultaneous estimation of physiological parameters and the input function - in vivo PET data.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Design of a telemedicine system using a mobile telephone.	Bryan Woodward,Robert S. H. Istepanian,C. I. Richards	2001	Design of a telemedicine system using a mobile telephone.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	CBIT - context-based image transmission.	M. N. Salous,David Pycock,G. S. Cruickshank	2001	CBIT - context-based image transmission.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery.	James Xia,Horace Ho-Shing Ip,Nabil Samman,Helena T. F. Wong,Jaime Gateno,Dongfeng Wang,Richie W. K. Yeung,Christy S. B. Kot,Henk Tideman	2001	Three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Compensatory fuzzy neural networks-based intelligent detection of abnormal neonatal cerebral Doppler ultrasound waveforms.	Huseyin Seker,D. H. Evans,N. Aydin,E. Yazgan	2001	Compensatory fuzzy neural networks-based intelligent detection of abnormal neonatal cerebral Doppler ultrasound waveforms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Optimal scheduling of tracing computations for real-time vascular landmark extraction from retinal fundus images.	Hong Shen,Badrinath Roysam,Charles V. Stewart,James N. Turner,Howard L. Tanenbaum	2001	Optimal scheduling of tracing computations for real-time vascular landmark extraction from retinal fundus images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A computer-aided diagnosis system for digital mammograms based on fuzzy-neural and feature extraction techniques.	Brijesh Verma,John Zakos	2001	A computer-aided diagnosis system for digital mammograms based on fuzzy-neural and feature extraction techniques.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Modeling tumor growth and irradiation response in vitro-a combination of high-performance computing and Web-based technologies including VRML visualization.	Georgios S. Stamatakos,Evangelia I. Zacharaki,Mersini Makropoulou,Nicolaos A. Mouravliansky,Andy Marsh,Konstantina S. Nikita,Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu	2001	Modeling tumor growth and irradiation response in vitro-a combination of high-performance computing and Web-based technologies including VRML visualization.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A knowledge-based boundary delineation system for contrast ventriculograms.	Lei Sui,Robert M. Haralick,Florence H. Sheehan	2001	A knowledge-based boundary delineation system for contrast ventriculograms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedicine system using computed tomography van of high-speed telecommunication vehicle.	M. Takizawa,S. Sone,K. Hanamura,K. Asakura	2001	Telemedicine system using computed tomography van of high-speed telecommunication vehicle.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Likelihood Maximization for List-Mode Emission Tomographic Image Reconstruction.	Charles L. Byrne	2001	Likelihood Maximization for List-Mode Emission Tomographic Image Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Neuro-Fuzzy Systems for Computer-Aided Myocardial Viability Assessment.	Faiza Behloul,Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt,A. Boudraa,Marc Janier,D. Revel,Johan H. C. Reiber	2001	Neuro-Fuzzy Systems for Computer-Aided Myocardial Viability Assessment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Permutation Testing Made Practical for Functional Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis.	Matthew Belmonte,Deborah Yurgelun-Todd	2001	Permutation Testing Made Practical for Functional Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Novel Bayesian Multiscale Method for Speckle Removal in Medical Ultrasound Images.	Alin Achim,Anastasios Bezerianos,Panagiotis Tsakalides	2001	Novel Bayesian Multiscale Method for Speckle Removal in Medical Ultrasound Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	NMR Signal Enhancement Via a New Time-Frequency Transform.	Osama A. Ahmed,Moustafa M. Fahmy	2001	A reliable method to reduce the noise from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals using a previously developed linear critically-sampled time-frequency transform is proposed. In addition to its low computational requirements, this transform has many theoretical advantages that make it a good candidate for NMR signal enhancement. NMR signals, in the transform domain, are concentrated in a very few number of coefficients while the noise is fairly distributed among the coefficients. Therefore, performing a thresholding technique in the transform domain significantly enhances the signal. Comparison with other noise reduction techniques used for the same purpose showed that this technique has superior performance thus confirming the theoretical expectations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Signal/Noise Analysis of Quasi-Static MR Elastography.	Jonathan Bishop,Abbas Samani,Justin Sciarretta,Chris Luginbuhl,Donald B. Plewes	2001	A Signal/Noise Analysis of Quasi-Static MR Elastography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated CT Image Evaluation of the Lung - A Morphology Based Concept.	R. A. Blechschmidt,Roland Werthschützky,U. Lörcher	2001	Automated CT Image Evaluation of the Lung - A Morphology Based Concept.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatial Transformations of Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Images.	Daniel C. Alexander,Carlo Pierpaoli,Peter J. Basser,James C. Gee	2001	Spatial Transformations of Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Chemical-shift Imaging Utilizing the Positional Shifts along the Readout Gradient Direction.	Maria I. Altbach,Theodore P. Trouard,Rik Van de Walle,Rebecca J. Theilman,Eric Clarkson,Harrison H. Barrett,Arthur F. Gmitro	2001	Chemical-shift Imaging Utilizing the Positional Shifts along the Readout Gradient Direction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tag Surface Reconstruction and Tracking of Myocardial Beads from SPAMM-MRI with Parametric B-Spline Surfaces.	Amir A. Amini,Yasheng Chen,Mohamed Elayyadi,Petia Radeva	2001	Tag Surface Reconstruction and Tracking of Myocardial Beads from SPAMM-MRI with Parametric B-Spline Surfaces.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comments on the Filtered Backprojection Algorithm, Range Conditions, and the Pseudoinverse Solution.	Mark A. Anastasio,Xiaochuan Pan,Eric Clarkson	2001	Comments on the Filtered Backprojection Algorithm, Range Conditions, and the Pseudoinverse Solution.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Theoretical Study of Lesion Detectability of MAP Reconstruction using Computer Observers.	Jinyi Qi,Ronald H. Huesman	2001	Theoretical Study of Lesion Detectability of MAP Reconstruction using Computer Observers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	LV Volume Quantification via Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Real-Time 3D Echocardiography.	Elsa D. Angelini,Andrew Laine,Shin Takuma,Jeffrey W. Holmes,Shunichi Homma	2001	LV Volume Quantification via Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Real-Time 3D Echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Patient-Specific Models for Lung Nodule Detection and Survellience in CT Images.	Matthew S. Brown,Michael F. McNitt-Gray,Jonathan G. Goldin,Robert D. Suh,James W. Sayre,Denise R. Aberle	2001	Patient-Specific Models for Lung Nodule Detection and Survellience in CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Segmentation of Subcortical Brain Structure in MR Images Using Information Fusion.	Vincent Barra,Jean-Yves Boire	2001	Automatic Segmentation of Subcortical Brain Structure in MR Images Using Information Fusion.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Space-Time Segmentation Using Level Set Active Contours Applied to Myocardial Gated SPECT.	Eric Debreuve,Michel Barlaud,Gilles Aubert,Ivan Laurette,Jacques Darcourt	2001	Space-Time Segmentation Using Level Set Active Contours Applied to Myocardial Gated SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	BICAV: An Inherently Parallel Algorithm for Sparse Systems with Pixel-Dependent Weighting.	Yair Censor,Dan Gordon,Rachel Gordon	2001	BICAV: An Inherently Parallel Algorithm for Sparse Systems with Pixel-Dependent Weighting.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	ERS Transform for the Automated Detection of Bronchial Abnormalities on CT of the Lungs.	François Chabat,Xiao-Peng Hu,David M. Hansell,Guang-Zhong Yang	2001	ERS Transform for the Automated Detection of Bronchial Abnormalities on CT of the Lungs.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Algorithm Using Projection onto Subspace of Prior Distributions for Long Wavelength Sound Wave CT.	Juzhong Dong,Yuukou Horita,Tadakuni Murai	2001	An Algorithm Using Projection onto Subspace of Prior Distributions for Long Wavelength Sound Wave CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vessel Extraction in Medical Images by Wave Propagation and Traceback.	Francis K. H. Quek,Cemil Kirbas	2001	Vessel Extraction in Medical Images by Wave Propagation and Traceback.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Rapid Look-up Table Method for Reconstructing MR Images from Arbitrary K-space Trajectories.	Brian Dale,Michael Wendt,Jeffrey L. Duerk	2001	A Rapid Look-up Table Method for Reconstructing MR Images from Arbitrary K-space Trajectories.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3-D Bayesian Optical Image Reconstruction with Domain Decomposition.	Margaret J. Eppstein,David E. Dougherty,Daniel J. Hawrysz,Eva M. Sevick-Muraca	2001	3-D Bayesian Optical Image Reconstruction with Domain Decomposition.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Reconstruction using the Wavelet Transform for Positron Emission Tomography.	Yong Choi,Ja-Yong Koo,Nam-Yong Lee	2001	Image Reconstruction using the Wavelet Transform for Positron Emission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Framework for Predictive Modeling of Anatomical Deformations.	Christos Davatzikos,Dinggang Shen,Ashraf Mohamed,Stelios K. Kyriacou	2001	A Framework for Predictive Modeling of Anatomical Deformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Consistent Image Registration.	Gary E. Christensen,Hans J. Johnson	2001	Consistent Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Frequency Decomposition and Compounding of Ultrasound Medical Images wit Wavelet Packets.	Gabriella Cincotti,Giovanna Loi,Massimo Pappalardo	2001	Frequency Decomposition and Compounding of Ultrasound Medical Images wit Wavelet Packets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accuracy Assessment of Layer Decomposition Using Simulated Angiographic Image Sequences.	Robert A. Close,Craig K. Abbey,Craig A. Morioka,James S. Whiting	2001	Accuracy Assessment of Layer Decomposition Using Simulated Angiographic Image Sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of 3D Intraoperative MR Images of the Brain Using a Finite Element Biomechanical Model.	Matthieu Ferrant,Arya Nabavi,Benoit M. Macq,Ferenc A. Jolesz,Ron Kikinis,Simon K. Warfield	2001	Registration of 3D Intraoperative MR Images of the Brain Using a Finite Element Biomechanical Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Asymmetry in Mammograms via Directional Filtering with Gabor Wavelets.	Ricardo J. Ferrari,Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,J. E. Leo Desautels,Annie France Frère	2001	Analysis of Asymmetry in Mammograms via Directional Filtering with Gabor Wavelets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Enhancement of Contrast Echocardiography by Image Variability Analysis.	Barry J. Fetics,Eddy Y. Wong,Taizo Murabayashi,Gregory S. Nelson,Moshe-Meir Cohen,Carlos E. Rochitte,James L. Weiss,David A. Kass,Erez Nevo	2001	Enhancement of Contrast Echocardiography by Image Variability Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Manifold Surgery: Constructing Geometrically Accurate and Topologically Correct Models of the Human Cerebral Cortex.	Bruce Fischl,Arthur K. Liu,Anders M. Dale	2001	Automated Manifold Surgery: Constructing Geometrically Accurate and Topologically Correct Models of the Human Cerebral Cortex.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Distribution of Target Registration Error in Rigid-body, Point-based Registration.	J. Michael Fitzpatrick,Jay B. West	2001	The Distribution of Target Registration Error in Rigid-body, Point-based Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Modeling for Functional Analysis of Cardiac Images: A Review.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Wiro J. Niessen,Max A. Viergever	2001	Three-Dimensional Modeling for Functional Analysis of Cardiac Images: A Review.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Melanoma Recognition.	Harald Ganster,Axel Pinz,Reinhard Röhrer,Ernst Wildling,Michael Binder,Harald Kittler	2001	Automated Melanoma Recognition.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast k-Space Sample Selection in MRSI with a Limited Region of Support.	Yun Gao,Stanley J. Reeves	2001	Fast k-Space Sample Selection in MRSI with a Limited Region of Support.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medical Imaging.	Maryellen L. Giger,Nico Karssemeijer,Samuel G. Armato III	2001	Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiography: A Survey.	Bram van Ginneken,Bart M. ter Haar Romeny,Max A. Viergever	2001	Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiography: A Survey.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Estimator for Functional Data with Application to MRI.	Fred Godtliebsen,Chih-Kang Chu,Sigrunn Holbek Sørbye,Geir Torheim	2001	An Estimator for Functional Data with Application to MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Statistical 3D Pattern Processing Method for Computer Aided Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography.	Salih Burak Göktürk,Carlo Tomasi,Burak Acar,Christopher F. Beaulieu,David S. Paik,R. Brooke Jeffrey Jr.,Judy Yee,Sandy Napel	2001	A Statistical 3D Pattern Processing Method for Computer Aided Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of Center-line Extraction Algorithms in Quantitative Coronary Angiography.	Hayit Greenspan,Moshe Laifenfeld,Shmuel Einav,Ofer Barnea	2001	Evaluation of Center-line Extraction Algorithms in Quantitative Coronary Angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Multimodal Brain Warping using the Demons Algorithm and Adaptive Intensity Corrections.	Alexandre Guimond,Alexis Roche,Nicholas Ayache,Jean Meunier	2001	Three-Dimensional Multimodal Brain Warping using the Demons Algorithm and Adaptive Intensity Corrections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Development of an Automated Method for Detection Mammographic Masses with a Partial Loss of Region.	Yuji Hatanaka,Takeshi Hara,Hiroshi Fujita,Satoshi Kasai,Tokiko Endo,Takuji Iwase	2001	Development of an Automated Method for Detection Mammographic Masses with a Partial Loss of Region.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Videoendoscopic Distortion Correction and Its Application to Virtual Guidance of Endoscopy.	James P. Helferty,Chao Zhang,Geoffrey McLennan,William E. Higgins	2001	Videoendoscopic Distortion Correction and Its Application to Virtual Guidance of Endoscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Hierarchical Estimation of a Dense Deformation Field for 3D Robust Registration.	Pierre Hellier,Christian Barillot,Étienne Mémin,P. Perex	2001	Hierarchical Estimation of a Dense Deformation Field for 3D Robust Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Complete 3-D Reconstruction of Dental Cast Shape Using Perceptual Grouping Theory.	Yasushi Hirogaki,Taiji Sohmura,Junzo Takahashi,Kenji Takada,Hiroshi Satoh	2001	Complete 3-D Reconstruction of Dental Cast Shape Using Perceptual Grouping Theory.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Large Brain Lesions.	S. A. Hojjatoleslami,Frithjof Kruggel	2001	Segmentation of Large Brain Lesions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Lung Segmentation for Accurate Quantitation of Volumetric X-ray CT Images.	Shiying Hu,Eric A. Hoffman,Joseph M. Reinhardt	2001	Automatic Lung Segmentation for Accurate Quantitation of Volumetric X-ray CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computerized Analysis of Multiple-Mammographic Views: Potential Usefulness of Special View Mammograms in Computer-Aided Diagnosis.	Zhimin Huo,Maryellen L. Giger,Carl J. Vyborny	2001	Computerized Analysis of Multiple-Mammographic Views: Potential Usefulness of Special View Mammograms in Computer-Aided Diagnosis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fractal Analysis of Bone X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy Projections.	Rachid Jennane,William J. Ohley,Sharmila Majumdar,Gérald Lemineur	2001	Fractal Analysis of Bone X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy Projections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Optical Tomographic Imaging of Breast in a Human Subject.	Huabei Jiang,Yong Xu,Nicusor Iftimia,L. Baron,J. Eggert	2001	Three-Dimensional Optical Tomographic Imaging of Breast in a Human Subject.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Proposed Taxonomy for Nailfold Capillaries Based on their Morphology.	Bryan F. Jones,M. Oral,C. W. Morris,E. F. J. Ring	2001	A Proposed Taxonomy for Nailfold Capillaries Based on their Morphology.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extraction of Motion Strength and Motor Activity Signals from Video Recordings of Neonatal Seizures.	Nicolaos B. Karayiannis,Seshadri Srinivasan,Rishi Bhattacharya,Merrill S. Wise,James D. Frost Jr.,Eli M. Mizrahi	2001	Extraction of Motion Strength and Motor Activity Signals from Video Recordings of Neonatal Seizures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Automatic Scoliosis Detection Based on Local Centroids Evaluation on Moire' Topographic Images of Human Backs."	Hyoungseop Kim,Seiji Ishikawa,Yoshinori Otsuka,Hisashi Shimizu,Takashi Shinomiya,Max A. Viergever	2001	"Automatic Scoliosis Detection Based on Local Centroids Evaluation on Moire' Topographic Images of Human Backs."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Retinal Thickness Measurements from Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Markov Boundary Model.	Dara Koozekanani,Kim L. Boyer,Cynthia Roberts	2001	Retinal Thickness Measurements from Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Markov Boundary Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D Texture Analysis of MRI Brain Datasets.	Vassili A. Kovalev,Frithjof Kruggel,Hermann Josef Gertz,D. Yves von Cramon	2001	3D Texture Analysis of MRI Brain Datasets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An EM Algorithm for Estimating SPECT Emission and Transmission Parameters from Emission Data Only.	Andrzej Król,James E. Bowsher,Stephen H. Manglos,David H. Feiglin,Martin P. Tornai,F. Deaver Thomas	2001	An EM Algorithm for Estimating SPECT Emission and Transmission Parameters from Emission Data Only.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison of Algorithms for Combining X-ray Angiography Images.	Kenneth S. Kump,Gerald M. Saidel,David L. Wilson	2001	Comparison of Algorithms for Combining X-ray Angiography Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ideal Observer Approximation Using Bayesian Classification Neural Networks.	Matthew A. Kupinski,Darrin C. Edwards,Maryellen L. Giger,Charles E. Metz	2001	Ideal Observer Approximation Using Bayesian Classification Neural Networks.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Penalized Discriminant Analysis of [15O]-water PET Brain Images with Prediction Error Selection of Smoothness and Regularization.	Rafal Kustra,Stephen C. Strother	2001	Penalized Discriminant Analysis of [15O]-water PET Brain Images with Prediction Error Selection of Smoothness and Regularization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast and Robust Optic Disc Detection using Pyramidal Decomposition and Hausdorff-based Template Matching.	Marc Lalonde,Mario Beaulieu,Langis Gagnon	2001	Fast and Robust Optic Disc Detection using Pyramidal Decomposition and Hausdorff-based Template Matching.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Helical CT Images Based on an Improved Template-matching Technique.	Yongbum Lee,Takeshi Hara,Hiroshi Fujita	2001	Automated Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Helical CT Images Based on an Improved Template-matching Technique.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions by Model Outlier Detection.	Koen Van Leemput,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Alan C. F. Colchester,Paul Suetens	2001	Automated Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions by Model Outlier Detection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Addendum: Spline Interpolation in Medical Image Processing.	Thomas Martin Lehmann,Claudia Gönner,Klaus Spitzer	2001	Addendum: Spline Interpolation in Medical Image Processing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Artery-Vein Separation via MRA - An Image Processing Approach.	Tianhu Lei,Jayaram K. Udupa,Punam K. Saha,Dewey Odhner	2001	Artery-Vein Separation via MRA - An Image Processing Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Design and Implementation of COSEM, an Iterative Algorithm for Fully 3D Listmode Data.	Ron Lekkvkovitz,Dmitry Falikman,Michael Zibulevsky,Aharon Beh-Tal,Arkadi Nemirovs	2001	The Design and Implementation of COSEM, an Iterative Algorithm for Fully 3D Listmode Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computerized Radiographic Mass Detection - Part I: Lesion Site Selection by Morphological Enhancement and Contextual Segmentation.	Huai Li,Yue Wang,K. J. Ray Liu,Shih-Chung Ben Lo,Matthew T. Freedman	2001	Computerized Radiographic Mass Detection - Part I: Lesion Site Selection by Morphological Enhancement and Contextual Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computerized Radiographic Mass Detection - Part II: Decision Support by Featured Database Visualization and Modular Neural Networks.	Huai Li,Yue Wang,K. J. Ray Liu,Shih-Chung Ben Lo,Matthew T. Freedman	2001	Computerized Radiographic Mass Detection - Part II: Decision Support by Featured Database Visualization and Modular Neural Networks.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Retrospective Correction of MR Intensity Inhomogeneity by Information Minimization.	Bostjan Likar,Max A. Viergever,Franjo Pernus	2001	Retrospective Correction of MR Intensity Inhomogeneity by Information Minimization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Organ Motion Detection in CT Images using Opposite Rays in Fan Beam Projection Systems.	Norma C. Linney,Peter H. Gregson	2001	Organ Motion Detection in CT Images using Opposite Rays in Fan Beam Projection Systems.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison of 3D Reconstruction with OSEM and with FORE+OSEM for PET.	Xuan Liu,Claude Comtat,Christian Michael,Paul E. Kinahan,Michel Defrise,David W. Townsend	2001	Comparison of 3D Reconstruction with OSEM and with FORE+OSEM for PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust Midsagittal Plane Extraction from Normal and Pathological 3D Neuroradiology Images.	Yanxi Liu,Robert T. Collins,William E. Rothfus	2001	Robust Midsagittal Plane Extraction from Normal and Pathological 3D Neuroradiology Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Iterative Maximum-Likelihood Polychromatic Algorithm for CT.	Bruno De Man,Johan Nuyts,Patrick Dupont,Guy Marchal,Paul Suetens	2001	An Iterative Maximum-Likelihood Polychromatic Algorithm for CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Microwave Imaging Utilitizing Phase Unwrapping to Reduce Recovered Object Ambiguity.	Paul M. Meaney,Keith D. Paulsen,Brian W. Pogue,Michael I. Miga	2001	Microwave Imaging Utilitizing Phase Unwrapping to Reduce Recovered Object Ambiguity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analytic Determination of Pinhole Collimator Sensitivity with Penetration.	Scott D. Metzler,James E. Bowsher,M. F. Smith,Ronald J. Jaszczak	2001	Analytic Determination of Pinhole Collimator Sensitivity with Penetration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multistage Hybrid Active Appearance Model Matching: Segmentation of Left and Right Ventricles in Cardiac MR Images.	Steven C. Mitchell,Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt,Rob J. van der Geest,Johan G. Bosch,Johan H. C. Reiber,Milan Sonka	2001	Multistage Hybrid Active Appearance Model Matching: Segmentation of Left and Right Ventricles in Cardiac MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of Breast Masses in Mammograms by Density Slicing and Texture Flow-field Analysis.	Naga R. Mudigonda,Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,J. E. Leo Desautels	2001	Detection of Breast Masses in Mammograms by Density Slicing and Texture Flow-field Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Interior Point Iterative Maximum-Likelihood Reconstruction Algorithm Incorporating Upper and Lower Bounds with Application to SPECT Transmission Imaging.	Manoj V. Narayanan,Charles L. Byrne,Michael A. King	2001	An Interior Point Iterative Maximum-Likelihood Reconstruction Algorithm Incorporating Upper and Lower Bounds with Application to SPECT Transmission Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Geometric Partial Differential Equations and Image Analysis.	Wiro J. Niessen	2001	Geometric Partial Differential Equations and Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Physically-based Statistical Deformable Model for Brain Image Analysis.	Christophoros Nikou,Fabrice Heitz,Jean-Paul Armspach	2001	A Physically-based Statistical Deformable Model for Brain Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Diffuse Optical Tomography of Highly Heterogeneous Media.	Vasilis Ntziachristos,Andreas H. Hielscher,A. G. Yodh,Britton Chance	2001	Diffuse Optical Tomography of Highly Heterogeneous Media.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Reconstruction of Sinograms with Arbitrary Noise Distribution Using NEC-Transformations.	Johan Nuyts,Christian Michel,Patrick Dupont	2001	Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization Reconstruction of Sinograms with Arbitrary Noise Distribution Using NEC-Transformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Multi-stage Perceptual Quality Assessment for Compressed Digital Angiogram Images.	Joonmi Oh,Sandra I. Woolley,Theodoros N. Arvanitis,John N. Townsend	2001	A Multi-stage Perceptual Quality Assessment for Compressed Digital Angiogram Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Computational Approach for Cortical Imaging.	Jorma O. Ollikainen,Marko Vauhkonen,Pasi A. Karjalainen,Jari P. Kaipio	2001	A New Computational Approach for Cortical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Elastic Registration of fMRI Data Using Bezier-Spline Transformations.	Matthias Otte	2001	Elastic Registration of fMRI Data Using Bezier-Spline Transformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison of Low-Contrast Detail Perception on Storage Phosphor Radiographs and Digital Flat Panel Detector Images.	Siegfred Peer,Ulrich Neitzel,Salvatore M. Giacomuzzi,Regina Peer,Eva Gassner,Iris Steingruber,Werner Jaschke	2001	Comparison of Low-Contrast Detail Perception on Storage Phosphor Radiographs and Digital Flat Panel Detector Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of Motion in Hybrid PET/SPECT Imaging Based on Correlation of Partial Sinograms.	Claire Pellot-Barakat,Marija Ivanovic,Alain Herment,Kjell Erlandsson,David K. Shelton	2001	Detection of Motion in Hybrid PET/SPECT Imaging Based on Correlation of Partial Sinograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Fast EM-like Methods for Maximum 'A Posteriori' Estimates in Emission Tomography."	Alvaro R. De Pierro,Michel E. B. Yamagishi	2001	"Fast EM-like Methods for Maximum 'A Posteriori' Estimates in Emission Tomography."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer Assisted Bone Age Assessment: Image Preprocessing and Epiphyseal/Metaphyseal ROI Extraction.	Ewa Pietka,Arkadiusz Gertych,Sylwia Pospiech,Fei Cao,H. K. Huang,Vicente Gilsanz	2001	Computer Assisted Bone Age Assessment: Image Preprocessing and Epiphyseal/Metaphyseal ROI Extraction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D Registration and Fusion of Ultrasound and MRI Using Major Vessels as Fiducial Markers.	Brian C. Porter,Deborah J. Rubens,John G. Strang,Jason Smith,Saara Totterman,Kevin J. Parker	2001	3D Registration and Fusion of Ultrasound and MRI Using Major Vessels as Fiducial Markers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Landmark-Based Elastic Registration Using Approximating Thin-Plate Splines.	Karl Rohr,H. Siegfried Stiehl,Rainer Sprengel,Thorsten M. Buzug,Jürgen Weese,M. H. Kuhn	2001	Landmark-Based Elastic Registration Using Approximating Thin-Plate Splines.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Approach for Drusen Segmentation and Tracking in Angiographic Eye Fundus Images.	Zakaria Ben Sbeh,Laurent D. Cohen,Gerard Mimoun,Gabriel Coscas	2001	A New Approach for Drusen Segmentation and Tracking in Angiographic Eye Fundus Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Validation of Utrasonic Image Boundary Recognition in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.	R. Ravhon,D. Adam,L. Zelmanovitch	2001	Validation of Utrasonic Image Boundary Recognition in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Scale-based Diffusive Image Filtering Preserving Boundary Sharpness and Fine Structures.	Punam K. Saha,Jayaram K. Udupa	2001	Scale-based Diffusive Image Filtering Preserving Boundary Sharpness and Fine Structures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Breast Tissue Density Quantification via Digitized Mammograms.	Punam K. Saha,Jayaram K. Udupa,Emily F. Conant,Dev P. Chakraborty	2001	Breast Tissue Density Quantification via Digitized Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-Aided Characterization of Mammographic Masses: Accuracy of Mass Segmentation and Its Effect on Characterization.	Berkman Sahiner,Nicholas Petrick,Heang-Ping Chan,Lubomir M. Hadjiiski,Chintana Paramagul,Mark A. Helvie,Metin N. Gurcan	2001	Computer-Aided Characterization of Mammographic Masses: Accuracy of Mass Segmentation and Its Effect on Characterization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Contextual Clustering for Analysis of Functional MRI Data.	Eero Salli,Hannu J. Aronen,Sauli Savolainen,Antti Korvenoja,Ari Visa	2001	Contextual Clustering for Analysis of Functional MRI Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Constrained Modulus Reconstruction Technique for Breast Cancer Assessment.	Abbas Samani,Jonathan Bishop,Donald B. Plewes	2001	A Constrained Modulus Reconstruction Technique for Breast Cancer Assessment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Biomechanical 3D Finite Element Modeling of the Human Breast Using MRI Data.	Abbas Samani,Jonathan Bishop,Martin J. Yaffe,Donald B. Plewes	2001	Biomechanical 3D Finite Element Modeling of the Human Breast Using MRI Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Tracking of Coronary Arteries from Biplane Angiographic Sequences using Parametrically Deformable Models.	Laurent Sarry,Jean-Yves Boire	2001	Three-Dimensional Tracking of Coronary Arteries from Biplane Angiographic Sequences using Parametrically Deformable Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Biomedical Imaging Resource at Mayo Clinic.	Richard A. Robb	2001	The Biomedical Imaging Resource at Mayo Clinic.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rigid Registration of 3D Ultrasound with MR Images: A New Approach Combining Intensity and Gradient Information.	Alexis Roche,Xavier Pennec,Grégoire Malandain,Nicholas Ayache	2001	Rigid Registration of 3D Ultrasound with MR Images: A New Approach Combining Intensity and Gradient Information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Determining Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Heterogeneous Tissues by Position Emission Tomography.	Kathleen Schmidt,Louis Sokoloff	2001	A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Determining Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Heterogeneous Tissues by Position Emission Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Simultaneous Correction of Ghost and Geometric Distortion Artifacts in EPI Using a Multi-Echo Reference Scan.	Vincent Schmithorst,Bernard J. Dardzinski,Scott Holland	2001	Simultaneous Correction of Ghost and Geometric Distortion Artifacts in EPI Using a Multi-Echo Reference Scan.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Numerical Aspects of Spatio-Temporal Current Density Reconstruction from EEG-/MEG-Data.	Uwe Schmitt,Alfred K. Louis,Felix Darvas,Helmut Buchner,Manfred Fuchs	2001	Numerical Aspects of Spatio-Temporal Current Density Reconstruction from EEG-/MEG-Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Handbook of Medical Imaging - Processing and Analysis I.N..	Milan Sonka,J. Michael Fitzpatrick	2001	Handbook of Medical Imaging - Processing and Analysis I.N..
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Graph Based Analysis and Correction of Cortical Volume Topology.	David W. Shattuck,Richard M. Leahy	2001	Automated Graph Based Analysis and Correction of Cortical Volume Topology.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Adaptive-Focus Statistical Shape Model for Segmentation and Shape Modeling of 3D Brain Structures.	Dinggang Shen,Edward Herskovits,Christos Davatzikos	2001	An Adaptive-Focus Statistical Shape Model for Segmentation and Shape Modeling of 3D Brain Structures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Bound on Mutual Information for Image Registration.	Mark B. Skouson,Quji Guo,Zhi-Pei Liang	2001	A Bound on Mutual Information for Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Realizations of Fast 2D/3D Image Filtering and Enhancement.	H. Tang,T. Zhuang,Ed X. Wu	2001	Realizations of Fast 2D/3D Image Filtering and Enhancement.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Deblurring Subject to Nonnegativity Constraints when Known Functions are Present, with Application to Object-Constrained Computerized Tomography.	"Donald L. Snyder,Joseph A. O'Sullivan,Bruce R. Whiting,Ryan J. Murphy,Jasenka Benac,J. Adam Cataldo,Jeffrey F. Williamson"	2001	Deblurring Subject to Nonnegativity Constraints when Known Functions are Present, with Application to Object-Constrained Computerized Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anisotropic 2D and 3D Averaging of fMRI Signals.	Andres Fco. Solé,Shing-Chung Ngan,Guillermo Sapiro,Xiaoping Hu,Antonio López	2001	Anisotropic 2D and 3D Averaging of fMRI Signals.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Signal Estimation Approach to Functional MRI.	Victor Solo,Patrick L. Purdon,Emery N. Brown,Robert M. Weisskoff	2001	A Signal Estimation Approach to Functional MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Feature Extraction and Classification of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced T2-weighted Breast Image Data.	Geir Torheim,Fred Godtliebsen,David Axelson,Kjell Arne Kvistad,Olav Haraldseth,Peter A. Rinck	2001	Feature Extraction and Classification of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced T2-weighted Breast Image Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extension of Finite-support Extrapolation using the Generalized Series Model for MR Spectroscopic Imaging.	Jeffrey Tsao	2001	Extension of Finite-support Extrapolation using the Generalized Series Model for MR Spectroscopic Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Specified Resolution Wavelet Analysis of Activation Patterns from BOLD Contrast fMRI.	Vinzenz von Tscharner,Keith R. Thulborn	2001	Specified Resolution Wavelet Analysis of Activation Patterns from BOLD Contrast fMRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Analysis of Doppler Ultrasound Velocity Flow Diagrams.	Juerg Tschirren,Ronald M. Lauer,Milan Sonka	2001	Automated Analysis of Doppler Ultrasound Velocity Flow Diagrams.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	New Techniques for Efficient Sliding Thin-Slab Volume Visualization.	Janice Z. Turlington,William E. Higgins	2001	New Techniques for Efficient Sliding Thin-Slab Volume Visualization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Medical Imaging Research and Development Programs.	Michael W. Vannier	2001	Medical Imaging Research and Development Programs.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Manuscript Central.	Michael W. Vannier	2001	Manuscript Central.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Book Reviews, NIBIB, and IOM Breast Cancer Report.	Michael W. Vannier,Ge Wang	2001	Book Reviews, NIBIB, and IOM Breast Cancer Report.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume Delineation by Fusion of Fuzzy Sets Obtained from Multiplanar Tomographic Images.	Stéphane Vial,David Gibon,Christian Vasseur,Jean Rousseau	2001	Volume Delineation by Fusion of Fuzzy Sets Obtained from Multiplanar Tomographic Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast LV Motion Estimation Using Subspace Approximation Techniques.	Yu-Ping Wang,Yasheng Chen,Amir A. Amini	2001	Fast LV Motion Estimation Using Subspace Approximation Techniques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noninvasive Estimation of the Aorta Input Function for Measurement of Tumor Blood Flow with [15O] Water.	Hiroshi Watabe,Michael A. Channing,Cyril Riddell,Frederic Jousse,Stephen K. Libutti,Jorge A. Carrasquillo,Stephen L. Bacharach,Richard E. Carson	2001	Noninvasive Estimation of the Aorta Input Function for Measurement of Tumor Blood Flow with [15O] Water.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Localization of Intravascular Devices with Paramagnetic Markers in MR Images.	Remko van der Weide,Chris J. G. Bakker,Max A. Viergever	2001	Localization of Intravascular Devices with Paramagnetic Markers in MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmenting High Frequency Intracardiac Ultrasound Images of Myocardium into Infarcted, Ischemic and Normal Regions.	Hao Xiaohui,C. J. Bruce,Cristina Pislaru,James F. Greenleaf	2001	Segmenting High Frequency Intracardiac Ultrasound Images of Myocardium into Infarcted, Ischemic and Normal Regions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Microcalcification Clusters from Two Mammographic Views.	Margaret Yam,Michael Highnman,Christian P. Behrenbruch,Ruth E. English,Yasuyo Kita	2001	Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Microcalcification Clusters from Two Mammographic Views.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vessel Surface Reconstruction with a Tubular Deformable Model.	Peter J. Yim,Juan R. Cebral,Rakesh Mullick,Peter L. Choyke	2001	Vessel Surface Reconstruction with a Tubular Deformable Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Diagnosis Scheme for Detection of Colonic Polyps.	Hiroyuki Yoshida,Janne Näppi	2001	Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Diagnosis Scheme for Detection of Colonic Polyps.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	In-vivo Measurement of 3D Skeletal Kinematics from Sequences of Biplane Radiographs: Application to Knee Kinematics.	Byoung-moon You,Pepe Siy,William Anderst,Scott Tashman	2001	In-vivo Measurement of 3D Skeletal Kinematics from Sequences of Biplane Radiographs: Application to Knee Kinematics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Brain MR Images through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation Maximization Algorithm.	Yongyue Zhang,Michael Brady,Stephen M. Smith	2001	Segmentation of Brain MR Images through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation Maximization Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tumor Detection for Screening Mammograms Using Fractal Analysis and Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Markov Random Field Segmentation Algorithm.	Lie Zheng,Andrew K. Chan,Steve Liu	2001	Tumor Detection for Screening Mammograms Using Fractal Analysis and Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Markov Random Field Segmentation Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Authenticity and Integrity of Digital Mammography Images.	Xiaoqiang Zhou,H. K. Huang,Shieh-Liang Lou	2001	Authenticity and Integrity of Digital Mammography Images.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: Extending Unbiased Stereology of Brain Ultrastructure to Three-dimensional Volumes.	John C. Fiala,Kristen M. Harris	2001	Synthesis of Research: Extending Unbiased Stereology of Brain Ultrastructure to Three-dimensional Volumes.
JAMIA	Review: The HL7 Clinical Document Architecture.	Robert H. Dolin,Liora Alschuler,Calvin Beebe,Paul V. Biron,Sandra Lee Boyer,Daniel J. Essin,Eliot Kimber,Tom Lincoln,John E. Mattison	2001	Review: The HL7 Clinical Document Architecture.
JAMIA	Medical Informatics and Health Care in Oman.	Ashwani Dhar	2001	Medical Informatics and Health Care in Oman.
JAMIA	Case Report: Electronic Messaging Between Primary and Secondary Care: A Four-year Case Report.	Peter W. Moorman,Peter J. Branger,Wouter J. van der Kam,Johan van der Lei	2001	Case Report: Electronic Messaging Between Primary and Secondary Care: A Four-year Case Report.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Toward a New Culture for Biomedical Informatics: Report of the 2001 ACMI Symposium.	Charles P. Friedman,Judy G. Ozbolt,Daniel R. Masys,For the American College of Medical Informatics	2001	Viewpoint: Toward a New Culture for Biomedical Informatics: Report of the 2001 ACMI Symposium.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Use of Electronic Medical Records: Communication Patterns in Outpatient Encounters.	Gregory Makoul,Raymond H. Curry,Paul C. Tang	2001	Research Paper: The Use of Electronic Medical Records: Communication Patterns in Outpatient Encounters.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Record Linkage of Health Care Insurance Claims.	Timothy W. Victor,Robertino M. Mera	2001	Research Paper: Record Linkage of Health Care Insurance Claims.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A UMLS-based Knowledge Acquisition Tool for Rule-based Clinical Decision Support System Development.	Soumeya Achour,Michel Dojat,Claire Rieux,Philippe Bierling,Eric Lepage	2001	Application of Information Technology: A UMLS-based Knowledge Acquisition Tool for Rule-based Clinical Decision Support System Development.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: BrainImageJ: A Java-based Framework for Interoperability in Neuroscience, with Specific Application to Neuroimaging.	Yi-Ren Ng,Smadar Shiffman,Thomas J. Brosnan,Jonathan M. Links,Leu S. Beach,Nicholas S. Judge,Yirong Xu,Uma V. Kelkar,Allan L. Reiss	2001	Application of Information Technology: BrainImageJ: A Java-based Framework for Interoperability in Neuroscience, with Specific Application to Neuroimaging.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Using Computerized Data to Identify Adverse Drug Events in Outpatients.	Benjamin Honigman,Joshua Lee,Jeffrey M. Rothschild,Patrice Light,Russel M. Pulling,Tony Yu,David W. Bates	2001	Research Paper: Using Computerized Data to Identify Adverse Drug Events in Outpatients.
JAMIA	Information Systems Can Prevent Errors and Improve Quality.	E. Andrew Balas	2001	Information Systems Can Prevent Errors and Improve Quality.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Physician Satisfaction with Two Order Entry Systems.	Harvey J. Murff,Joseph L. Kannry	2001	Research Paper: Physician Satisfaction with Two Order Entry Systems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Studying the Human- Computer-Terminology Interface.	James J. Cimino,Vimla L. Patel,André Kushniruk	2001	Research Paper: Studying the Human- Computer-Terminology Interface.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Common Data Model for Neuroscience Data and Data Model Exchange.	Daniel Gardner,Kevin H. Knuth,Michael Abato,Steven M. Erde,Thomas White,Robert DeBellis,Esther P. Gardner	2001	Model Formulation: Common Data Model for Neuroscience Data and Data Model Exchange.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Searching for Clinical Prediction Rules in MEDLINE.	Bette Jean Ingui,Mary A. M. Rogers	2001	Research Paper: Searching for Clinical Prediction Rules in MEDLINE.
JAMIA	White Paper: Consumer Informatics Supporting Patients as Co-Producers of Quality.	Bonnie Kaplan,Patricia Flatley Brennan	2001	White Paper: Consumer Informatics Supporting Patients as Co-Producers of Quality.
JAMIA	Case Report: Computer-based Speech Recognition as an Alternative to Medical Transcription.	Stephen M. Borowitz	2001	Case Report: Computer-based Speech Recognition as an Alternative to Medical Transcription.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Controlled Trial of Direct Physician Order Entry: Effects on Physicians' Time Utilization in Ambulatory Primary Care Internal Medicine Practices."	J. Marc Overhage,Susan Perkins,William M. Tierney,Clement J. McDonald	2001	"Research Paper: Controlled Trial of Direct Physician Order Entry: Effects on Physicians' Time Utilization in Ambulatory Primary Care Internal Medicine Practices."
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Problem-oriented Prefetching for an Integrated Clinical Imaging Workstation.	Alex A. T. Bui,Michael F. McNitt-Gray,Jonathan G. Goldin,Alfonso F. Cardenas,Denise R. Aberle	2001	Application of Information Technology: Problem-oriented Prefetching for an Integrated Clinical Imaging Workstation.
JAMIA	White Paper: A National Agenda for Public Health Informatics: Summarized Recommendations from the 2001 AMIA Spring Congress.	William A. Yasnoff,J. Marc Overhage,Betsy L. Humphreys,Martin LaVenture	2001	White Paper: A National Agenda for Public Health Informatics: Summarized Recommendations from the 2001 AMIA Spring Congress.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Progress with Formalization in Medical Informatics?	Arnoud Van Der Maas,A. Johannes Ten Hoopen,Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede	2001	Viewpoint: Progress with Formalization in Medical Informatics?
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: How the Past Teaches the Future: ACMI Distinguished Lecture.	W. Ed Hammond	2001	Synthesis of Research: How the Past Teaches the Future: ACMI Distinguished Lecture.
JAMIA	Human Brain Program Research Progress in Biomedical Imaging/ Neuroscience, 2001.	Stephen T. C. Wong,Steven H. Koslow	2001	Human Brain Program Research Progress in Biomedical Imaging/ Neuroscience, 2001.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of General-purpose Negation Detection to Augment Concept Indexing of Medical Documents: A Quantitative Study Using the UMLS.	Pradeep Mutalik,Aniruddha M. Deshpande,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2001	Research Paper: Use of General-purpose Negation Detection to Augment Concept Indexing of Medical Documents: A Quantitative Study Using the UMLS.
JAMIA	Human Brain Program Research Progress in Bioinformatics/ Neuroinformatics.	Stephen T. C. Wong,Stephen H. Koslow	2001	Human Brain Program Research Progress in Bioinformatics/ Neuroinformatics.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: An Integrated Software Suite for Surface-based Analyses of Cerebral Cortex.	David C. Van Essen,Heather A. Drury,James Dickson,John W. Harwell,Donna Hanlon,Charles H. Anderson	2001	Application of Information Technology: An Integrated Software Suite for Surface-based Analyses of Cerebral Cortex.
JAMIA	The Expanding Informatics Community: Blessing or Curse?	Michael G. Kahn	2001	The Expanding Informatics Community: Blessing or Curse?
JAMIA	UMLS Concept Indexing for Production Databases: A Feasibility Study.	Furman S. McDonald,Peter L. Elkin	2001	UMLS Concept Indexing for Production Databases: A Feasibility Study.
JAMIA	Get Both the Medicine and the Informatics Right.	William W. Stead,Patty Flatley Brennan	2001	Get Both the Medicine and the Informatics Right.
JAMIA	"AMIA's New Statement Of Vision, Mission, and Strategic Goals."	Dennis Reynolds	2001	"AMIA's New Statement Of Vision, Mission, and Strategic Goals."
JAMIA	Case Report: Estimating Software Development Costs for a Patient Multimedia Education Project.	Arlene Caban,Christopher Cimino,Charles Swencionis,Mindy Ginsberg,Judith Wylie-Rosett	2001	Case Report: Estimating Software Development Costs for a Patient Multimedia Education Project.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Derivation and Evaluation of a Document-naming Nomenclature.	Steven H. Brown,Michael J. Lincoln,Shawn P. Hardenbrook,Olga N. Petukhova,S. Trent Rosenbloom,Paul Carpenter,Peter L. Elkin	2001	Research Paper: Derivation and Evaluation of a Document-naming Nomenclature.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Educational Instruction on a Hospital Information System for Medical Students During Their Surgical Rotations.	Robert Patterson,Peter Harasym	2001	Research Paper: Educational Instruction on a Hospital Information System for Medical Students During Their Surgical Rotations.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Review of Computer-generated Outpatient Health Behavior Interventions: Clinical Encounters ""in Absentia""."	Debra Revere,Peter J. Dunbar	2001	"Research Paper: Review of Computer-generated Outpatient Health Behavior Interventions: Clinical Encounters ""in Absentia""."
JAMIA	The Challenge of Bridging Between Disciplines.	William W. Stead	2001	The Challenge of Bridging Between Disciplines.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Implementation and Evaluation of a Medical Informatics Distance Education Program.	William R. Hersh,Katherine Junium,Mark Mailhot,Patricia Tidmarsh	2001	Application of Information Technology: Implementation and Evaluation of a Medical Informatics Distance Education Program.
JAMIA	White Paper: Toward an Informatics Research Agenda: Key People and Organizational Issues.	Bonnie Kaplan,Patricia Flatley Brennan,Alan F. Dowling,Charles P. Friedman,Victor Peel	2001	White Paper: Toward an Informatics Research Agenda: Key People and Organizational Issues.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Clinicians' Response to Computerized Detection of Infections."	Beatriz H. S. C. Rocha,John C. Christenson,R. Scott Evans,Reed M. Gardner	2001	"Research Paper: Clinicians' Response to Computerized Detection of Infections."
JAMIA	Research Paper: Comparison of Information Processing Technologies.	Joanne F. Piniewski-Bond,Germaine M. Buck,Roberta S. Horowitz,John H. R. Schuster,Douglas L. Weed,John M. Weiner	2001	Research Paper: Comparison of Information Processing Technologies.
JAMIA	Evidence-based Nursing Practice: A Call to Action for Nursing Informatics.	Suzanne Bakken,John McArthur	2001	Evidence-based Nursing Practice: A Call to Action for Nursing Informatics.
JAMIA	Publication Bias in Medical Informatics.	Charles P. Friedman,Jeremy C. Wyatt	2001	Publication Bias in Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Jean-Raoul Scherrer, MD.	Charles Safran	2001	Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Jean-Raoul Scherrer, MD.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: An Informatics Infrastructure Is Essential for Evidence-based Practice.	Suzanne Bakken	2001	Viewpoint: An Informatics Infrastructure Is Essential for Evidence-based Practice.
JAMIA	Review: Collaborative Efforts for Representing Nursing Concepts in Computer-based Systems: International Perspectives.	Amy Coenen,Heimar F. Marin,Hyeoun-Ae Park,Suzanne Bakken	2001	Review: Collaborative Efforts for Representing Nursing Concepts in Computer-based Systems: International Perspectives.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Four-Dimensional Probabilistic Atlas of the Human Brain.	John C. Mazziotta,Arthur W. Toga,Alan C. Evans,Peter T. Fox,Jack L. Lancaster,Karl Zilles,Roger Woods,Tomás Paus,Gregory Simpson,G. Bruce Pike,Colin J. Holmes,D. Louis Collins,Paul M. Thompson,David MacDonald,Marco Iacoboni,Thorsten Schormann,Katrin Amunts,Nicola Palomero-Gallagher,Stefan Geyer,Larry Parsons,Katherine Narr,Noor Kabani,Georges Le Goualher,Jordan Feidler,Kenneth P. Smith,Dorret I. Boomsma,Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol,Tyrone D. Cannon,Ryuta Kawashima,Bernard Mazoyer	2001	Application of Information Technology: A Four-Dimensional Probabilistic Atlas of the Human Brain.
JAMIA	Research Paper: UMLS Concept Indexing for Production Databases: A Feasibility Study.	Prakash M. Nadkarni,Roland Chen,Cynthia Brandt	2001	Research Paper: UMLS Concept Indexing for Production Databases: A Feasibility Study.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Expanding the Guidelines for Electronic Communication with Patients: Application to a Specific Tool.	Stephanie L. Prady,Deirdre Norris,John Lester,Daniel B. Hoch	2001	Implementation Brief: Expanding the Guidelines for Electronic Communication with Patients: Application to a Specific Tool.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluation of a Command-line Parser-based Order Entry Pathway for the Department of Veterans Affairs Electronic Patient Record.	Christian Lovis,Michael K. Chapko,Diane P. Martin,Thomas H. Payne,Robert H. Baud,Patricia J. Hoey,Stephan D. Fihn	2001	Research Paper: Evaluation of a Command-line Parser-based Order Entry Pathway for the Department of Veterans Affairs Electronic Patient Record.
JAMIA	White Paper: Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Practice of Evidence-based Medicine.	Ida Sim,Paul N. Gorman,Robert A. Greenes,R. Brian Haynes,Bonnie Kaplan,Harold Lehmann,Paul C. Tang	2001	White Paper: Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Practice of Evidence-based Medicine.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: A Manifesto on Telehealth and Telemedicine.	Francesco Pinciroli	2001	Viewpoint: A Manifesto on Telehealth and Telemedicine.
JAMIA	Technical Milestone: Medical Subject Headings Used to Search the Biomedical Literature.	Margaret H. Coletti,Howard L. Bleich	2001	Technical Milestone: Medical Subject Headings Used to Search the Biomedical Literature.
JAMIA	American College of Medical Informatics FELLOWS, 2000.	William W. Stead	2001	American College of Medical Informatics FELLOWS, 2000.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research: Integration of Multidisciplinary Sensory Data: A Pilot Model of the Human Brain Project Approach.	Perry L. Miller,Prakash M. Nadkarni,Michael S. Singer,Luis N. Marenco,Michael L. Hines,Gordon M. Shepherd	2001	Synthesis of Research: Integration of Multidisciplinary Sensory Data: A Pilot Model of the Human Brain Project Approach.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Impact of a Computer-assisted Education Program on Factors Related to Asthma Self-management Behavior.	Ross Shegog,Leona K. Bartholomew,Guy S. Parcel,Marianna M. Sockrider,Louise Mâsse,Stuart L. Abramson	2001	Research Paper: Impact of a Computer-assisted Education Program on Factors Related to Asthma Self-management Behavior.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Domain-constrained Generation of Clinical Condition Sets to Help Test Computer-based Clinical Guidelines.	Perry L. Miller	2001	Application of Information Technology: Domain-constrained Generation of Clinical Condition Sets to Help Test Computer-based Clinical Guidelines.
JAMIA	White Paper: Reducing the Frequency of Errors in Medicine Using Information Technology.	David W. Bates,Michael Cohen,Lucian Leape L,J. Marc Overhage,M. Michael Shabot,Thomas B. Sheridan	2001	White Paper: Reducing the Frequency of Errors in Medicine Using Information Technology.
JAMIA	Review: Public Health 101 for Informaticians.	"Denise Koo,Patrick O'Carroll,Martin LaVenture"	2001	Review: Public Health 101 for Informaticians.
JAMIA	"White Paper: Information Technology for Children's Health and Health Care: Report on the Information Technology in Children's Health Care Expert Meeting, September 21-22, 2000."	Richard N. Shiffman,S. Andrew Spooner,Kelly Kwiatkowski,Patricia Flatley Brennan	2001	"White Paper: Information Technology for Children's Health and Health Care: Report on the Information Technology in Children's Health Care Expert Meeting, September 21-22, 2000."
JAMIA	Methods Paper: Evaluation of a Computerized Diagnostic Decision Support System for Patients with Pneumonia: Study Design Considerations.	Dominik Aronsky,Karen J. Chan,Peter J. Haug	2001	Methods Paper: Evaluation of a Computerized Diagnostic Decision Support System for Patients with Pneumonia: Study Design Considerations.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Generation and Evaluation of Intraoperative Inferences for Automated Health Care Briefings on Patient Status After Bypass Surgery.	Desmond A. Jordan,Kathleen McKeown,Kristian J. Concepcion,Steven K. Feiner,Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou	2001	Research Paper: Generation and Evaluation of Intraoperative Inferences for Automated Health Care Briefings on Patient Status After Bypass Surgery.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Classifications in Routine Use: Lessons from ICD-9 and ICPM in Surgical Practice.	Jürgen Stausberg,Hauke Lang,Udo Obertacke,Friedhelm Rauhut	2001	Research Paper: Classifications in Routine Use: Lessons from ICD-9 and ICPM in Surgical Practice.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Requirements for Medical Modeling Languages.	Arnoud Van Der Maas,Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede,A. Johannes Ten Hoopen	2001	Model Formulation: Requirements for Medical Modeling Languages.
JAMIA	Review: A Primer on Aspects of Cognition for Medical Informatics.	Vimla L. Patel,José F. Arocha,David R. Kaufman	2001	Review: A Primer on Aspects of Cognition for Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Structural Validation of Nursing Terminologies.	Nicholas R. Hardiker,Alan L. Rector	2001	Research Paper: Structural Validation of Nursing Terminologies.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A DBMS-based Medical Teleconferencing System.	Jonghoon Chun,Han-joon Kim,Sang-goo Lee,Jinwook Choi,Hanik Cho	2001	Application of Information Technology: A DBMS-based Medical Teleconferencing System.
JAMIA	Review: Considerations for the Design of a Web-based Clinical Monitoring and Educational System for Elderly Patients.	George Demiris,Stanley M. Finkelstein,Stuart M. Speedie	2001	Review: Considerations for the Design of a Web-based Clinical Monitoring and Educational System for Elderly Patients.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Randomized Testing of Alternative Survey Formats Using Anonymous Volunteers on the World Wide Web.	Douglas S. Bell,Carol M. Mangione,Charles E. Kahn Jr.	2001	Research Paper: Randomized Testing of Alternative Survey Formats Using Anonymous Volunteers on the World Wide Web.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evolutionary artificial neural networks approach for breast cancer diagnosis.	Hussein A. Abbass	2002	An evolutionary artificial neural networks approach for breast cancer diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Survey on the use of smart and adaptive engineering systems in medicine.	Maysam F. Abbod,Derek A. Linkens,Mahdi Mahfouf,Georgios Dounias	2002	Survey on the use of smart and adaptive engineering systems in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial-intelligence-augmented systems (Editorial).	Klaus-Peter Adlassnig	2002	Artificial-intelligence-augmented systems (Editorial).
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bounded-depth threshold circuits for computer-assisted CT image classification.	Andreas Alexander Albrecht,Eike Hein,Kathleen Steinhöfel,Matthias Taupitz,C. K. Wong	2002	Bounded-depth threshold circuits for computer-assisted CT image classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Uniqueness of medical data mining.	Krzysztof J. Cios,G. William Moore	2002	Uniqueness of medical data mining.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic detection of distorted plethysmogram pulses in neonates and paediatric patients using an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system.	Suliman Yousef Belal,Azzam Fouad George Taktak,Andrew John Nevill,Stephen Andrew Spencer,David Roden,Sharon Bevan	2002	Automatic detection of distorted plethysmogram pulses in neonates and paediatric patients using an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Confidentiality issues for medical data miners.	Jules J. Berman	2002	Confidentiality issues for medical data miners.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	HepatoConsult: a knowledge-based second opinion and documentation system.	Hans-Peter Buscher,Ch. Engler,A. Führer,S. Kirschke,Frank Puppe	2002	HepatoConsult: a knowledge-based second opinion and documentation system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An interactive framework for an analysis of ECG signals.	Giovanni Bortolan,Witold Pedrycz	2002	An interactive framework for an analysis of ECG signals.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data mining a diabetic data warehouse.	Joseph L. Breault,Colin R. Goodall,Peter J. Fos	2002	Data mining a diabetic data warehouse.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Development and evaluation of VIE-PNN, a knowledge-based system for calculating the parenteral nutrition of newborn infants.	Werner Horn,Christian Popow,Silvia Miksch,Lieselotte Kirchner,Andreas Seyfang	2002	Development and evaluation of VIE-PNN, a knowledge-based system for calculating the parenteral nutrition of newborn infants.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy detection of EEG alpha without amplitude thresholding.	Eero Huupponen,Sari-Leena Himanen,Alpo Värri,Joel Hasan,Antti Saastamoinen,Mikko Lehtokangas,Jukka Saarinen	2002	Fuzzy detection of EEG alpha without amplitude thresholding.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Verification of temporal scheduling constraints in clinical practice guidelines.	Georg Duftschmid,Silvia Miksch,Walter Gall	2002	Verification of temporal scheduling constraints in clinical practice guidelines.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using dependency/association rules to find indications for computed tomography in a head trauma dataset.	Susan P. Imberman,Bernard Domanski,Hilary W. Thompson	2002	Using dependency/association rules to find indications for computed tomography in a head trauma dataset.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploring regions of interest with cluster analysis (EROICA) using a spectral peak statistic for selecting and testing the significance of fMRI activation time-series.	Mario Jarmasz,Ray L. Somorjai	2002	Exploring regions of interest with cluster analysis (EROICA) using a spectral peak statistic for selecting and testing the significance of fMRI activation time-series.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Abduction, Reason and Science: Processes of Discovery and Explanation - Lorenzo Magnani (Ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001, ISBN 0-306-46514-0.	John R. Josephson,Susan G. Josephson	2002	Abduction, Reason and Science: Processes of Discovery and Explanation - Lorenzo Magnani (Ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001, ISBN 0-306-46514-0.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Probabilities for a probabilistic network: a case study in oesophageal cancer.	Linda C. van der Gaag,Silja Renooij,C. L. M. Witteman,B. M. P. Aleman,B. G. Taal	2002	Probabilities for a probabilistic network: a case study in oesophageal cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	NasoNet, modeling the spread of nasopharyngeal cancer with networks of probabilistic events in discrete time.	Severino F. Galán,Francisco Aguado,Francisco Javier Díez,José Mira	2002	NasoNet, modeling the spread of nasopharyngeal cancer with networks of probabilistic events in discrete time.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploring fMRI data for periodic signal components.	Lars Kai Hansen,Finn Årup Nielsen,Jan Larsen	2002	Exploring fMRI data for periodic signal components.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Analysis of respiratory pressure-volume curves in intensive care medicine using inductive machine learning.	Steven Ganzert,Josef Guttmann,Kristian Kersting,Ralf Kuhlen,Christian Putensen,Michael Sydow,Stefan Kramer	2002	Analysis of respiratory pressure-volume curves in intensive care medicine using inductive machine learning.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An expert system for the evaluation of EDSS in multiple sclerosis.	Mauro Gaspari,Gianluigi Roveda,Cinzia Scandellari,Sergio Stecchi	2002	Multiple Sclerosis is still an unsolved disease and although several advances have been achieved in the last few years some problems such as the ethiology and the prognostic criteria are unknown or do still not have a satisfying solution. Several experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis are in course in order to discover a successful treatment. Most of these experiments use a clinical rating scale named EDSS as evaluation tool for the effects of drugs. This scale is defined by a set of rules written in english which provide a numerical quantification of the neurological examination. Althougth EDSS has been widely used for almost 20 years, its application still depends on the interpretation of the neurologist which performs the neurological examination, and many applications of the scale done by different neurologist on the same patient can give different results. This is a serious problem for international trials because they lack of a reliable measure of the effects of drugs. Here we present an expert system for the automatic evaluation of EDSS in multiple sclerosis which has been developed to overcome this problem. The expert system exploits an explicit representation of EDSS rules, it is able to explain its conclusions, and it provides a revision tool to support the user if no satifying solution can be reached. Using this expert system clinical trials based on EDSS can benefit of a more reliable evaluation tool providing more valuable results.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Efficiency and safety of chemotherapy plans for children: CATIPOa nationwide approach.	Petra Knaup,Timm Wiedemann,Andreas Bachert,Ursula Creutzig,Reinhold Haux,Freimut Schilling	2002	Efficiency and safety of chemotherapy plans for children: CATIPOa nationwide approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial neural network assessment of substitutive pharmacological treatments in hospitalised intravenous drug users.	M. C. Grassi,A. M. Caricati,M. Intraligi,Massimo Buscema,P. Nencini	2002	Artificial neural network assessment of substitutive pharmacological treatments in hospitalised intravenous drug users.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Empirical evaluation of a hybrid intelligent monitoring system using different measures of effectiveness.	Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas,Amparo Alonso-Betanzos	2002	Empirical evaluation of a hybrid intelligent monitoring system using different measures of effectiveness.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Model-based interpretation of cardiac beats by evolutionary algorithms: signal and model interaction.	Alfredo I. Hernández,Guy Carrault,Fernando Mora,Alain Bardou	2002	Model-based interpretation of cardiac beats by evolutionary algorithms: signal and model interaction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Case-based distance measurements for the selection of controls in case-matched studies: application in coronary interventions.	Mariann Gyöngyösi,Meinhard Ploner,Gerold Porenta,Wolfgang Sperker,Paul Wexberg,Christoph Strehblow,Dietmar Glogar	2002	Case-based distance measurements for the selection of controls in case-matched studies: application in coronary interventions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of two different models of semi-automatic knowledge acquisition for the medical consultant system CADIAG-II/RHEUMA.	Harald Leitich,Klaus-Peter Adlassnig,Gernot Kolarz	2002	Evaluation of two different models of semi-automatic knowledge acquisition for the medical consultant system CADIAG-II/RHEUMA.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evaluation of methods for detecting brain activations from functional neuroimages.	Ana S. Lukic,Miles N. Wernick,Stephen C. Strother	2002	An evaluation of methods for detecting brain activations from functional neuroimages.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The problem of bias in training data in regression problems in medical decision support.	Brian MacNamee,Padraig Cunningham,Stephen Byrne,O. I. Corrigan	2002	The problem of bias in training data in regression problems in medical decision support.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logistic-based patient grouping for multi-disciplinary treatment.	Laura Maruster,Ton Weijters,Geerhard de Vries,Antal van den Bosch,Walter Daelemans	2002	Logistic-based patient grouping for multi-disciplinary treatment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Logic of Knowledge Bases - Hector J. Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000, ISBN 0-262-12232-4.	John-Jules Ch. Meyer	2002	The Logic of Knowledge Bases - Hector J. Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000, ISBN 0-262-12232-4.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Combining biometric and symbolic models for customised, automated prosthesis design.	Sanjay Modgil,Tim J. Hutton,Peter Hammond,John C. Davenport	2002	Combining biometric and symbolic models for customised, automated prosthesis design.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Node merging in Kohonen's self-organizing mapping of fMRI data."	Shing-Chung Ngan,Essa Yacoub,William F. Auffermann,Xiaoping Hu	2002	"Node merging in Kohonen's self-organizing mapping of fMRI data."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Syntactic reasoning and pattern recognition for analysis of coronary artery images.	Marek R. Ogiela,Ryszard Tadeusiewicz	2002	Syntactic reasoning and pattern recognition for analysis of coronary artery images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An automatic microcalcification detection system based on a hybrid neural network classifier.	Athanasios Papadopoulos,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Aristidis Likas	2002	An automatic microcalcification detection system based on a hybrid neural network classifier.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An ischemia detection method based on artificial neural networks.	Costas Papaloukas,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Aristidis Likas,Lampros K. Michalis	2002	An ischemia detection method based on artificial neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Mining knowledge for HEp-2 cell image classification.	Petra Perner,Horst Perner,Bernd Müller	2002	Mining knowledge for HEp-2 cell image classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Visualization and simulation techniques for surgical simulators using actual patient's data."	Arne Radetzky,Andreas Nürnberger	2002	"Visualization and simulation techniques for surgical simulators using actual patient's data."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The Spoken Language Translator - M. Rayner, D. Carter, P. Bouillon, V. Digalakis, M. Wirn (Eds.), Studies in Natural Language Processing Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000, ISBN 0521770777.	Ehud Reiter	2002	The Spoken Language Translator - M. Rayner, D. Carter, P. Bouillon, V. Digalakis, M. Wirn (Eds.), Studies in Natural Language Processing Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000, ISBN 0521770777.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Qualitative Methods for Reasoning under Uncertainty - Simon Parsons (Ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, 2001, 514 pp., 50 illustrations, hardcover.	Silja Renooij	2002	Qualitative Methods for Reasoning under Uncertainty - Simon Parsons (Ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, 2001, 514 pp., 50 illustrations, hardcover.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian learning for cardiac SPECT image interpretation.	Jaroslaw P. Sacha,Lucy S. Goodenday,Krzysztof J. Cios	2002	Bayesian learning for cardiac SPECT image interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology - G. Schreiber, H. Akkermans, A. Anjewierden, R. de Hoog, N. Shadbolt, W. van de Velde, B. Wielinga, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000, ISBN: 0-262-19300-0.	Derek H. Sleeman	2002	Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology - G. Schreiber, H. Akkermans, A. Anjewierden, R. de Hoog, N. Shadbolt, W. van de Velde, B. Wielinga, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000, ISBN: 0-262-19300-0.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Principles of Data Mining - D. Hand, H. Mannila, P. Smyth (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001, 546 pp. + xxxii, ISBN: 0-262-08290-X.	Ann Smith	2002	Principles of Data Mining - D. Hand, H. Mannila, P. Smyth (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001, 546 pp. + xxxii, ISBN: 0-262-08290-X.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Exploratory data analysis in functional neuroimaging.	Ray L. Somorjai	2002	Exploratory data analysis in functional neuroimaging.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A novel, direct spatio-temporal approach for analyzing fMRI experiments.	Ray L. Somorjai,Rodrigo A. Vivanco,Nicolino J. Pizzi	2002	A novel, direct spatio-temporal approach for analyzing fMRI experiments.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predicting glaucomatous visual field deterioration through short multivariate time series modelling.	Stephen Swift,Xiaohui Liu	2002	Predicting glaucomatous visual field deterioration through short multivariate time series modelling.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Integrated decision support in a hospital cancer registry.	Ali Gerhard Tafazzoli,Udo Altmann,Thomas Bürkle,Simon Hölzer,Joachim Dudeck	2002	Integrated decision support in a hospital cancer registry.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automating the drug scheduling of cancer chemotherapy via evolutionary computation.	Kay Chen Tan,Eik Fun Khor,Ji Cai,C. M. Heng,Tong Heng Lee	2002	Automating the drug scheduling of cancer chemotherapy via evolutionary computation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Gene expression data analysis of human lymphoma using support vector machines and output coding ensembles.	Giorgio Valentini	2002	Gene expression data analysis of human lymphoma using support vector machines and output coding ensembles.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Objective detection of brainstem auditory evoked potentials with a priori information from higher presentation levels.	Edwige Vannier,Olivier Adam,Jean-François Motsch	2002	Objective detection of brainstem auditory evoked potentials with a priori information from higher presentation levels.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Shape Analysis and Classification. Theory and Practice - Luciano da Fontoura Costa and Roberto Marcondes Cesar Jr.; CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3493-4.	Remco C. Veltkamp	2002	Shape Analysis and Classification. Theory and Practice - Luciano da Fontoura Costa and Roberto Marcondes Cesar Jr.; CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3493-4.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Lessons learnt from bringing knowledge-based decision support into routine use.	Thomas Wetter	2002	Lessons learnt from bringing knowledge-based decision support into routine use.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial Neural Networks in Biomedicine - Paulo J.G. Lisboa, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor and Piotr S. Szczepaniak (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, London, 2000, ISBN 1-85233-005-8.	Zhi-Hua Zhou	2002	Artificial Neural Networks in Biomedicine - Paulo J.G. Lisboa, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor and Piotr S. Szczepaniak (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, London, 2000, ISBN 1-85233-005-8.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Lung cancer cell identification based on artificial neural network ensembles.	Zhi-Hua Zhou,Yuan Jiang,Yu-Bin Yang,Shifu Chen	2002	Lung cancer cell identification based on artificial neural network ensembles.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Neural network-based system for early keratoconus detection from corneal topography.	P. Agostino Accardo,Stefano Pensiero	2002	Some automatic methods have been proposed to identify keratoconus from corneal maps; among these methods, neural networks have proved to be useful. However, the identification of the early cases of this ocular disease remains a problem from both a diagnostic and a screening point of view. Another problem is whether a keratoconus screening must be performed taking into account both eyes of the same subject or each eye separately; hitherto, neural networks have only been used in the second alternative. In order to examine the differences of the two screening alternatives in terms of discriminative capability, several combinations of the number of input, hidden and output nodes and of learning rates have been examined in this study. The best results have been achieved by using as input the parameters of both eyes of the same subject and as output the three categories of clinical classification (normal, keratoconus, other alterations) for each subject, a low number of neurons in the hidden layer (lower than 10) and a learning rate of 0.1. In this case a global sensitivity of 94.1% (with a keratoconus sensitivity of 100%) in the test set as well as a global specificity of 97.6% (98.6% for keratoconus alone) have been reached.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Measuring agreement in medical informatics reliability studies.	George Hripcsak,Daniel F. Heitjan	2002	"Agreement measures are used frequently in reliability studies that involve categorical data. Simple measures like observed agreement and specific agreement can reveal a good deal about the sample. Chance-corrected agreement in the form of the kappa statistic is used frequently based on its correspondence to an intraclass correlation coefficient and the ease of calculating it, but its magnitude depends on the tasks and categories in the experiment. It is helpful to separate the components of disagreement when the goal is to improve the reliability of an instrument or of the raters. Approaches based on modeling the decision making process can be helpful here, including tetrachoric correlation, polychoric correlation, latent trait models, and latent class models. Decision making models can also be used to better understand the behavior of different agreement metrics. For example, if the observed prevalence of responses in one of two available categories is low, then there is insufficient information in the sample to judge raters' ability to discriminate cases, and kappa may underestimate the true agreement and observed agreement may overestimate it."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Reconstruction of the genetic regulatory dynamics of the rat spinal cord development: Local Invariants approach.	Yuriy Fofanov,B. Montgomery Pettitt	2002	Recently, many attempts have been made to describe the gene expression temporal dynamics by using systems of differential equations. This is fraught with difficulty, given the current experimental level of understanding. Another way to extract useful information regarding regulation in genetic networks can be provided by our method of Incomplete Modeling using Local Invariants, although at the price of not being able to construct a complete model of the whole system. In this approach we are looking for a set of simple models describing the algebraic or differential relations among just a few variables, genes in this case, which fit the experimental data with the required accuracy. In the present work, we apply this method to gene expression time profiles of 112 genes from rat spinal cord development experiments. We found that many different types of Local Invariants exist in this dataset. Moreover, some isolated self-contained subsystems, whose behavior can be described by closed systems of differential equations, were also found.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Revising regulatory networks: from expression data to linear causal models.	Stephen D. Bay,Jeff Shrager,Andrew Pohorille,Pat Langley	2002	Discovering the complex regulatory networks that govern mRNA expression is an important but difficult problem. Many current approaches use only expression data from microarrays to infer the likely network structure. However, this ignores much existing knowledge because for a given organism and system under study, a biologist may already have a partial model of gene regulation. We propose a method for revising and improving these initial models, which may be incomplete or partially incorrect, with expression data. We demonstrate our approach by revising a model of photosynthesis regulation proposed by a biologist for Cyanobacteria. Applied to wild type expression data, our system suggested several modifications consistent with biological knowledge. Applied to a mutant strain, our system correctly modified the disabled gene. Power experiments with synthetic data that indicate that reliable revision is feasible even with a small number of samples.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Information extraction for enhanced access to disease outbreak reports.	Ralph Grishman,Silja Huttunen,Roman Yangarber	2002	Document search is generally based on individual terms in the document. However, for collections within limited domains it is possible to provide more powerful access tools. This paper describes a system designed for collections of reports of infectious disease outbreaks. The system, Proteus-BIO, automatically creates a table of outbreaks, with each table entry linked to the document describing that outbreak; this makes it possible to use database operations such as selection and sorting to find relevant documents. Proteus-BIO consists of a Web crawler which gathers relevant documents; an information extraction engine which converts the individual outbreak events to a tabular database; and a database browser which provides access to the events and, through them, to the documents. The information extraction engine uses sets of patterns and word classes to extract the information about each event. Preparing these patterns and word classes has been a time-consuming manual operation in the past, but automated discovery tools now make this task significantly easier. A small study comparing the effectiveness of the tabular index with conventional Web search tools demonstrated that users can find substantially more documents in a given time period with Proteus-BIO.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Formal nursing terminology systems: a means to an end.	Nicholas R. Hardiker,Suzanne Bakken,Anne Casey,Derek Hoy	2002	In response to the need to support diverse and complex information requirements, nursing has developed a number of different terminology systems. The two main kinds of systems that have emerged are enumerative systems and combinatorial systems, although some systems have characteristics of both approaches. Differences in the structure and content of terminology systems, while useful at a local level, prevent effective wider communication, information sharing, integration of record systems, and comparison of nursing elements of healthcare information at a more global level. Formal nursing terminology systems present an alternative approach. This paper describes a number of recent initiatives and explains how these emerging approaches may help to augment existing nursing terminology systems and overcome their limitations through mediation. The development of formal nursing terminology systems is not an end in itself and there remains a great deal of work to be done before success can be claimed. This paper presents an overview of the key issues outstanding and provides recommendations for a way forward.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Visualization and evaluation of clusters for exploratory analysis of gene expression data.	Ju-Han Kim,Isaac S. Kohane,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2002	Clustering algorithms have been shown to be useful to explore large-scale gene expression profiles. Visualization and objective evaluation of clusters are two important considerations when users are selecting different clustering algorithms, but they are often overlooked. The developments of a framework and software tools that implement comprehensive data visualization and objective measures of cluster quality are crucial In this paper, we describe a theoretical framework and formalizations for consistently developing clustering algorithms. A new clustering algorithm was developed within the proposed framework. We demonstrate that a theoretically sound principle can be uniformly applied to the developments of cluster-optimization function, comprehensive data-visualization strategy, and objective cluster-evaluation measures as well as actual implementation of the principle. Cluster consistency and quality measures of the algorithm are rigorously evaluated against those of popular clustering algorithms for gene expression data analysis (K-means and self-organizing maps), in four data sets, yielding promising results.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The structure of science information.	Zellig S. Harris	2002	The organization of information within science can be investigated in a principled way through analysis of science language. The restricted use of language in science enables description of the informational structure of science and of particular subfields, with strong similarities to structures in mathematics and programming languages. This result rests on decades of research into the relation between form and content in language, based on an information-theoretic approach to the structure of information. Examples are provided from immunology and the social sciences. Practical applications include storage of science information in databases, indexing the literature, and identification and resolution of controversy.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The potential of latent semantic analysis for machine grading of clinical case summaries.	Walter Kintsch	2002	Objective: This paper introduces latent semantic analysis (LSA), a machine learning method for representing the meaning of words, sentences, and texts. LSA induces a high-dimensional semantic space from reading a very large amount of texts. The meaning of words and texts can be represented as vectors in this space and hence can be compared automatically and objectively. Psychological theory: A generative theory of the mental lexicon based on LSA is described. The word vectors LSA constructs are context free, and each word, irrespective of how many meanings or senses it has, is represented by a single vector. However, when a word is used in different contexts, context appropriate word senses emerge. Current applications: Several applications of LSA to educational software are described, involving the ability of LSA to quickly compare the content of texts, such as an essay written by a student and a target essay. Potential medical applications: An LSA-based software tool is sketched for machine grading of clinical case summaries written by medical students.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Computational selection of distinct class- and subclass-specific gene expression signatures.	Pierre R. Bushel,Hisham Hamadeh,Lee Bennett,James Green,Alan Ableson,Stephen Misener,Cynthia A. Afshari,Richard S. Paules	2002	In this investigation we used statistical methods to select genes with expression profiles that partition classes and subclasses of biological samples. Gene expression data corresponding to liver samples from rats treated for 24 h with an enzyme inducer (phenobarbital) or a peroxisome proliferator (clofibrate, gemfibrozil or Wyeth 14,643) were subjected to a modified Z-score test to identify gene outliers and a binomial distribution to reduce the probability of detecting genes as differentially expressed by chance. Hierarchical clustering of 238 statistically valid differentially expressed genes partitioned class-specific gene expression signatures into groups that clustered samples exposed to the enzyme inducer or to peroxisome proliferators. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis methods we identified single genes as well as coupled gene expression profiles that separated the phenobarbital from the peroxisome proliferator treated samples and discerned the fibrate (gemfibrozil and clofibrate) subclass of peroxisome proliferators. A comparison of genes ranked by ANOVA with genes assessed as significant by mixed linear models analysis [J. Comput. Biol. 8 (2001) 625] or ranked by information gain revealed good congruence with the top 10 genes from each statistical method in the contrast between phenobarbital and peroxisome proliferators expression profiles. We propose building upon a classification regimen comprised of analysis of replicate data, outlier diagnostics and gene selection procedures to utilize cDNA microarray data to categorize subclasses of samples exposed to pharmacologic agents.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Paraphrasing for condensation in journal abstracting.	Richard I. Kittredge	2002	"When authors of empirical science articles write abstracts, they employ a wide variety of distinct linguistic operations which interact to condense and rephrase a subset of sentences from the source text. An on-going comparison of biological and biomedical journal articles with their author-written abstracts is providing a basis for a more linguistically detailed model of abstract derivation using syntactic representations of selected source sentences. The description makes use of rich dictionary information to formulate paraphrasing rules of differing degrees of generality, including some which are sublanguage-specific, and others which appear valid in several languages when formulated using ""lexical functions"" to express important semantic relationships between lexical items. Some paraphrase operations may use both lexical functions and rhetorical relations between sentences to reformulate larger chunks of text in a concise abstract sentence. The descriptive framework is computable and utilizes existing linguistic resources."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A dynamic approach to mapping coordinates between microplates and microarrays.	Kei-Hoi Cheung,Janet Hager,Kenneth Nelson,Kevin White,Yuli Li,Michael Snyder,Kenneth R. Williams,Perry L. Miller	2002	The retrieval of useful data from spotted microarray slides requires keeping track of which microplate wells and DNA sample corresponds to each spot on each array slide. Existing approaches are closely coupled with the type of arrayer in use and are computer operating-system-specifc. To support the microarray researcher community at large who use different arrayers and computer platforms, increased flexibility, generality, and portability of these approaches are required. In this paper, we describe a general algorithm that correlates the well positions of DNA samples in each microplate to the positions of the spots on each array slide. Based on this algorithm, we have implemented a flexible and platform-independent program named MicroArray Convolutor (MAC) that provides a Web solution allowing the user to: (a) import a text file that identifies the DNA samples and their well locations, (b) select a transformation method that converts data in 96-well plate format into 384-well plate format, and (c) specify the output format of the array lists dependant on the configuration of the array platform as well as the downstream analysis software chosen for the array. MAC and its source code can be accessed via the following Web address: http://ymd.med.yale.edu/ kei-cgi/kc_mac_dev8.pl.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Electronic Medical Records: A Guide for Clinicians and Administrators..	Henry J. Lowe	2002	Electronic Medical Records: A Guide for Clinicians and Administrators..
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Rutabaga by any other name: extracting biological names.	Lynette Hirschman,Alexander A. Morgan,Alexander S. Yeh	2002	As the pace of biological research accelerates, biologists are becoming increasingly reliant on computers to manage the information explosion. Biologists communicate their research findings by relying on precise biological terms; these terms then provide indices into the literature and across the growing number of biological databases. This article examines emerging techniques to access biological resources through extraction of entity names and relations among them. Information extraction has been an active area of research in natural language processing and there are promising results for information extraction applied to news stories, e.g., balanced precision and recall in the 93-95% range for identifying person, organization and location names. But these results do not seem to transfer directly to biological names, where results remain in the 75-80% range. Multiple factors may be involved, including absence of shared training and test sets for rigorous measures of progress, lack of annotated training data specific to biological tasks, pervasive ambiguity of terms, frequent introduction of new terms, and a mismatch between evaluation tasks as defined for news and real biological problems. We present evidence from a simple lexical matching exercise that illustrates some specific problems encountered when identifying biological names. We conclude by outlining a research agenda to raise performance of named entity tagging to a level where it can be used to perform tasks of biological importance.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Information extraction from biomedical text.	Jerry R. Hobbs	2002	Information extraction is the process of scanning text for information relevant to some interest, including extracting entities, relations, and events. It requires deeper analysis than key word searches, but its aims fall short of the very hard and long-term problem of full text understanding. Information extraction represents a midpoint on this spectrum, where the aim is to capture structured information without sacrificing feasibility. One of the key ideas in this technology is to separate processing into several stages, in cascaded finite-state transducers. The earlier stages recognize smaller linguistic objects and work in a largely domain-independent fashion. The later stages take these linguistic objects as input and find domain-dependent patterns among them. There are now initial efforts to apply this technology to biomedical text. In other domains, the technology plateaued at about 60% recall and precision. Even if applications to biomedical text do no better than this, they could still prove to be of immense help to curatorial activities.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Logistic regression and artificial neural network classification models: a methodology review.	Stephan Dreiseitl,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2002	Logistic regression and artificial neural networks are the models of choice in many medical data classification tasks. In this review, we summarize the differences and similarities of these models from a technical point of view, and compare them with other machine learning algorithms. We provide considerations useful for critically assessing the quality of the models and the results based on these models. Finally, we summarize our findings on how quality criteria for logistic regression and artificial neural network models are met in a sample of papers from the medical literature.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Automated enhancement of description logic-defined terminologies to facilitate mapping to ICD9-CM.	Peter L. Elkin,Steven H. Brown	2002	Compositional (post-coordinated) terminologies are one potential solution to the problem of content completeness. However, they have the potential to render data incomparable. For computers to determine that compositional expressions are comparable, the relations between the composed components that are understood implicitly by human readers must be represented explicitly for computer manipulation. We discuss a technique for discovering and formalizing the implicit semantic relationships in two vocabularies: the International Classification of Disease Version 9 Clinical Modification (ICD9-CM), and SNOMED-Reference Terminology (SNOMED-RT). The results of this technique are used to augment the existing SNOMED-RT relation ontology [1], which is a necessary step in automated concept mapping between systems. The reference terminology must contain all the semantics implicit in the classification in order to map concepts between the two representations. We also provide an explicit representation of the implied semantics of ICD9-CM. This tabulation will be useful for other knowledge engineering efforts involving ICD9-CM.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Editorial.	Carol Friedman	2002	Editorial.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Two biomedical sublanguages: a description based on the theories of Zellig Harris.	Carol Friedman,Pauline Kra,Andrey Rzhetsky	2002	"Natural language processing (NLP) systems have been developed to provide access to the tremendous body of data and knowledge that is available in the biomedical domain in the form of natural language text. These NLP systems are valuable because they can encode and amass the information in the text so that it can be used by other automated processes to improve patient care and our understanding of disease processes and treatments. Zellig Harris proposed a theory of sublanguage that laid the foundation for natural language processing in specialized domains. He hypothesized that the informational content and structure form a specialized language that can be delineated in the form of a sublanguage grammar. The grammar can then be used by a language processor to capture and encode the salient information and relations in text. In this paper, we briefly summarize his language and sublanguage theories. In addition, we summarize our prior research, which is associated with the sublanguage grammars we developed for two different biomedical domains. These grammars illustrate how Harris' theories provide a basis for the development of language processing systems in the biomedical domain. The two domains and their associated sublanguages discussed are: the clinical domain, where the text consists of patient reports, and the biomolecular domain, where the text consists of complete journal articles."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Comparative genomics approaches to study organism similarities and differences.	Liping Wei,Yueyi Liu,Inna Dubchak,John Shon,John Park	2002	Comparative genomics is a large-scale, holistic approach that compares two or more genomes to discover the similarities and differences between the genomes and to study the biology of the individual genomes. Comparative studies can be performed at different levels of the genomes to obtain multiple perspectives about the organisms. We discuss in detail the type of analyses that offer significant biological insights in the comparisons of (1) genome structure including overall genome statistics, repeats, genome rearrangement at both DNA and gene level, synteny, and breakpoints; (2) coding regions including gene content, protein content, orthologs, and paralogs; and (3) noncoding regions including the prediction of regulatory elements. We also briefly review the currently available computational tools in comparative genomics such as algorithms for genome-scale sequence alignment, gene identification, and nonhomology-based function prediction.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Book Review: Computational inverse problems in electrocardiography.	Lawrence E. Widman	2002	Book Review: Computational inverse problems in electrocardiography.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The epidemiology of liver disease in Tayside database: a population-based record-linkage study.	Douglas T. Steinke,Tanya L. Weston,Andrew D. Morris,Thomas M. MacDonald,John F. Dillon	2002	Background. The true incidence and prevalence of liver disease is difficult to ascertain because there are few, if any, population-based registers of liver disease available to ensure proper case and comparator selection. The epidemiology of liver disease in Tayside (ELDIT) is a specially built register of liver disease for a well-defined geographical area of Scotland.Aims. This paper describes the electronic linkage of multiple data sources to form ELDIT and provides initial results from the database.Patients. All subjects resident in Tayside and registered with a general practitioner in the study period 1980-1999, approximately 400,000 people.Methods. Electronic record-linkage techniques were employed to include anonymised data from primary and secondary sources. Hospital admissions, dispensed medication, and laboratory results from immunology, virology, and biochemistry were used to identify cases of liver disease. Diagnostic algorithms were used to verify and classify subjects with liver disease. A validation of the algorithms against the clinical diagnosis was used to determine the measure of agreement (true positive rate) of ELDIT.Results. At present approximately 10,000 subjects have been identified with liver disease or abnormal liver function. The data set is nearing completion with cases of rarer liver disease being identified last. Incidence densities for the population were calculated. From the validation study, agreement between electronic and clinical diagnosis was 0.98 and positive predictive value was 0.83 showing electronic diagnostic algorithms are sensitive enough to identify liver disease using para-clinical data.Conclusions. ELDIT demonstrates how clinical information can be harnessed electronically to provide a better understanding of liver disease in a population.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Ethical issues in public health informatics: implications for system design when sharing geographic information.	Christina Ölvingson,Jonas Hallberg,Toomas Timpka,Kent Lindqvist	2002	Public health programs today constitute a multi-professional inter-organizational environment, where both health service and other organizations are involved. Developing information systems, including the IT security measures needed to suit this complex context, is a challenge. To ensure that all involved organizations work together towards a common goal, i.e., promotion of health, an intuitive strategy would be to share information freely in these programs. However, in practice it is seldom possible to realize this ideal scenario. One reason may be that ethical issues are often ignored in the system development process. This investigation uses case study methods to explore ethical obstacles originating in the shared use of geographic health information in public health programs and how this affects the design of information systems. Concerns involving confidentiality caused by geographically referenced health information and influences of professional and organizational codes are discussed. The experience presented shows that disregard of ethical issues can result in a prolonged development process for public health information systems. Finally, a theoretical model of design issues based on the case study results is presented.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Automatically identifying gene/protein terms in MEDLINE abstracts.	Hong Yu,Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou,Andrey Rzhetsky,W. John Wilbur	2002	"Motivation. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques are used to extract information automatically from computer-readable literature. In biology, the identification of terms corresponding to biological substances (e.g., genes and proteins) is a necessary step that precedes the application of other NLP systems that extract biological information (e.g., protein-protein interactions, gene regulation events, and biochemical pathways). We have developed GPmarkup (for ""gene/protein-full name mark up""), a software system that automatically identifies gene/protein terms (i.e., symbols or full names) in MEDLINE abstracts. As a part of marking up process, we also generated automatically a knowledge source of paired gene/protein symbols and full names (e.g., LARD for lymphocyte associated receptor of death) from MEDLINE. We found that many of the pairs in our knowledge source do not appear in the current GenBank database. Therefore our methods may also be used for automatic lexicon generation.Results. GPmarkup has 73% recall and 93% precision in identifying and marking up gene/protein terms in MEDLINE abstracts.Availability: A random sample of gene/protein symbols and full names and a sample set of marked up abstracts can be viewed at http://www.cpmc.columbia.edu/homepages/yuh9001/GPmarkup/. Contact. hy52@columbia.edu. Voice: 212-939-7028; fax: 212-666-0140."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Representations of health concepts: a cognitive perspective.	Jiajie Zhang	2002	"Objective: This paper studies the differences between controlled medical vocabularies that are designed as external artifacts and the mental concepts that are inside users' heads and used by users for reasoning, decision making, diagnosis, and treatment. Design: The major theories of concept representations developed in cognitive science were reviewed, analyzed, and compared with the major controlled medical vocabularies developed in medicine. Results: It was found that there are significant mismatches between controlled medical vocabularies that are designed as external artifacts and the mental concepts that are inside users' heads and used by users for reasoning, decision making, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: Controlled medical vocabularies should be designed with systematical considerations of the cognitive structures and processes of the users. Without such considerations, the designed vocabularies will not be appropriate for people. because they are hard to use, although they may or may not be appropriate for machine processing."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Evidence-based careflow management systems: the case of post-stroke rehabilitation.	Silvia Panzarasa,S. Maddè,Silvana Quaglini,Caterina Pistarini,Mario Stefanelli	2002	"The activities of a care providers' team need to be coordinated within a process properly designed on the basis of available best practice medical knowledge. It requires a rethinking of the management of care processes within health care organizations. The current workflow technology seems to offer the most convenient solution to build such cooperative systems. However, some of its present weaknesses still require an intense research effort to find solutions allowing its exploitation in real medical practice. This paper presents an approach to design and build evidence-based careflow management systems, which can be viewed as components of a knowledge management infrastructure each health care organization should be provided with to increase its performance in delivering high quality care by efficiently exploiting the available knowledge resources. The post-stroke rehabilitation process has been taken as a challenging care problem to assess our methodology for designing and developing careflow management systems. Then a system was co-developed with a team of rehabilitation professionals who will be committed to use it in their daily work. The system's main goal is to deliver a full array of rehabilitation services provided by an interdisciplinary team. They are related to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from rehabilitation, manage a rehabilitation treatment plan, and monitor progress both during rehabilitation and after return to a community residence. A model of the rehabilitation process was derived from an international guideline and adapted to the local organization of work. It involves different organizational units, such as wards, rehabilitation units, clinical laboratories, and imaging services. Several organizational agents work within them and play one or more roles. Each role is defined by the goals' set that she/he must fulfill. Special effort has been given to the design and development of a knowledge-based system for managing exceptions, which may occur in daily medical work as any deviation from the normal flow of activities. It allows either avoiding or recovering automatically from expected exceptions. When they are not expected, organizational agents, with enough power to do that, are allowed to modify the scheduled flow of activities for an individual patient under the only constraint of justifying their decision. After an intensive testing in a research laboratory, the system is now in the process of being transferred in a real working setting with the full support of its future users."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Patients' and physicians' understanding of health and biomedical concepts: relationship to the design of EMR systems."	Vimla L. Patel,José F. Arocha,André Kushniruk	2002	"Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine knowledge organization and reasoning strategies involved in physician-patient communication and to consider how these are affected by the use of computer tools, in particular, electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Design: In the first part of the paper, we summarize results from a study in which patients were interviewed before their interactions with physicians and where physician-patient interactions were recorded and analyzed to evaluate patients' and physicians' understanding of the patient problem. We give a detailed presentation of one of such interaction, with characterizations of physician and patient models. In a second set of studies, the contents of both paper and EMRs were compared and in addition, physician-patient interactions (involving the use of EMR technology) were video recorded and analyzed to assess physicians' information gathering and knowledge organization for medical decision-making. Results: Physicians explained the patient problems in terms of causal pathophysiological knowledge underlying the disease (disease model), whereas patients explained them in terms of narrative structures of illness (illness model). The data-driven nature of the traditional physician-patient interaction allows physicians to capture the temporal flow of events and to document key aspects of the patients' narratives. Use of electronic medical records was found to influence the way patient data were gathered, resulting in information loss and disruption of temporal sequence of events in assessing patient problem. Conclusions: The physician-patient interview allows physicians to capture crucial aspects of the patient's illness model, which are necessary for understanding the problem from the patients' perspective. Use of computer-based patient record technology may lead to a loss of this relevant information. As a consequence, designers of such systems should take into account information relevant to the patient comprehension of medical problems, which will influence their compliance."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Emerging paradigms of cognition in medical decision-making.	Vimla L. Patel,David R. Kaufman,José F. Arocha	2002	"The limitations of the classical or traditional paradigm of decision research are increasingly apparent, even though there has been a substantial body of empirical research on medical decision-making over the past 40 years. As decision-support technology continues to proliferate in medical settings, it is imperative that ""basic science"" decision research develop a broader-based and more valid foundation for the study of medical decision-making as it occurs in the natural setting. This paper critically reviews both traditional and recent approaches to medical decision making, considering the integration of problem-solving and decision-making research paradigms, the role of conceptual knowledge in decision-making, and the emerging paradigm of naturalistic decision-making. We also provide an examination of technology-mediated decision-making. Expanding the scope of decision research will better enable us to understand optimal decision processes, suitable coping mechanisms under suboptimal conditions, the development of expertise in decision-making, and ways in which decision-support technology can successfully mediate decision processes."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Hierarchical data security in a Query-By-Example interface for a shared database.	Merwyn G. Taylor	2002	Whenever a shared database resource, containing critical patient data, is created, protecting the contents of the database is a high priority goal. This goal can be achieved by developing a Query-By-Example (QBE) interface, designed to access a shared database, and embedding within the QBE a hierarchical security module that limits access to the data. The security module ensures that researchers working in one clinic do not get access to data from another clinic. The security can be based on a flexible taxonomy structure that allows ordinary users to access data from individual clinics and super users to access data from all clinics [1]. All researchers submit queries through the same interface and the security module processes the taxonomy and user identifiers to limit access. Using this system, two different users with different access rights can submit the same query and get different results thus reducing the need to create different interfaces for different clinics and access rights.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The cohesive metaschema: a higher-level abstraction of the UMLS Semantic Network.	Yehoshua Perl,Zong Chen,Michael Halper,James Geller,Li Zhang,Yi Peng	2002	The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) joins together a group of established medical terminologies in a unified knowledge representation framework. Two major resources of the UMLS are its Metathesaurus, containing a large number of concepts, and the Semantic Network (SN), containing semantic types and forming an abstraction of the Metathesaurus. However, the SN itself is large and complex and may still be difficult to view and comprehend. Our structural partitioning technique partitions the SN into structurally uniform sets of semantic types based on the distribution of the relationships within the SN. An enhancement of the structural partition results in cohesive, singly rooted sets of semantic types. Each such set is named after its root which represents the common nature of the group. These sets of semantic types are represented by higher-level components called meta-semantic types. A network, called a metaschema, which consists of the meta-semantic types connected by hierarchical and semantic relationships is obtained and provides an abstract view supporting orientation to the SN. The metaschema is utilized to audit the UMLS classifications. We present a set of graphical views of the SN based on the metaschema to help in user orientation to the SN. A study compares the cohesive metaschema to metaschemas derived semantically by UMLS experts.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A variance-based measure of inter-rater agreement in medical databases.	Håkan Petersson,Hans Gill,Hans Åhlfeldt	2002	The increasing use of encoded medical data requires flexible tools for data quality assessment. Existing methods are not always adequate, and this paper proposes a new metric for inter-rater agreement of aggregated diagnostic data. The metric, which is applicable in prospective as well as retrospective coding studies, quantifies the variability in the coding scheme, and the variation can be differentiated in categories and in coders. Five alternative definitions were compared in a set of simulated coding situations and in the context of mortality statistics. Two of them were more effective, and the choice between them must be made according to the situation. The metric is more powerful for larger numbers of coded cases, and Type I errors are frequent when coding situations include different numbers of cases. We also show that it is difficult to interpret the meaning of variation when the structures of the compared coding schemes differ.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Developing, implementing, and evaluating decision support systems for shared decision making in patient care: a conceptual model and case illustration.	Cornelia M. Ruland,Suzanne Bakken	2002	"The importance of including patient preferences in decisions regarding their care has received increased emphasis over recent years. Medical informatics can play an important role in improving patient-centered care by developing decision support systems to support the inclusion of patient preferences in clinical decision making. However, development of such systems is a complex task that requires the integration of knowledge from four major research areas: (1) the clinical domain, for understanding of the decision problem, (2) decision science and research on shared decision making, to provide the theoretical underpinnings and techniques for eliciting patient preferences; (3) medical informatics, to provide the technology and algorithms for the collection, processing, structure, presentation and integration of patient preferences into patient care; and (4) organizational kuowledge, to adapt the decision support system to the practices and work flows of clinicians and the organizational and professional context of the clinical practice settings. This paper describes a conceptual model comprising eight key components that are important to be considered in the development, implementation, and evaluation of decision support systems for shared decision making in patient care. The example of CHOICE, a decision support system to assist nurses in eliciting and integrating rehabilitation patients' preferences for functional performance in patient care is used to illustrate the eight components."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cancerous nuclei detection on digitized pathological lung color images.	Mohamed Sammouda,Rachid Sammouda,Noboru Niki,Naohito Yamaguchi,Noriyuki Moriyama	2002	"In this paper, we propose a methodology (in the form of a software package) for automatic extraction of the cancerous nuclei in lung pathological color images. We first segment the images using an unsupervised Hopfield artificial neural network classifier and we label the segmented image based on chromaticity features and histogram analysis of the RGB color space components of the raw image. Then, we fill the holes inside the extracted nuclei regions based on the maximum drawable circle algorithm. All corrected nuclei regions are then classified into normal and cancerous using diagnostic rules formulated with respect to the rules used by experimented pathologist. The proposed method provides quantitative results in diagnosing a lung pathological image set of 16 cases that are comparable to an expert's diagnosis."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Characteristic attributes in cancer microarrays.	Indra Neil Sarkar,Paul J. Planet,T. E. Bael,S. E. Stanley,Mark Siddall,Robert DeSalle,David H. Figurski	2002	"Rapid advances in genome sequencing and gene expression microarray technologies are providing unprecedented opportunities to identify specific genes involved in complex biological processes, such as development, signal transduction, and disease. The vast amount of data generated by these technologies has presented new challenges in bioinformatics. To help organize and interpret microarray data, new and efficient computational methods are needed to: (1) distinguish accurately between different biological or clinical categories (e.g., malignant vs. benign), and (2) identify specific genes that play a role in determining those categories. Here we present a novel and simple method that exhaustively scans microarray data for unambiguous gene expression patterns. Such patterns of data can be used as the basis for classification into biological or clinical categories. The method, termed the Characteristic Attribute Organization System (CAOS), is derived from fundamental precepts in systematic biology. In CAOS we define two types of characteristic attributes ('pure' and 'private') that may exist in gene expression microarray data. We also consider additional attributes ('compound') that are composed of expression states of more than one gene that are not characteristic on their own. CAOS was tested on three well-known cancer DNA microarray data sets for its ability to classify new microarray samples. We found CAOS to be a highly accurate and robust class prediction technique. In addition, CAOS identified specific genes, not emphasized in other analyses, that may be crucial to the biology of certain types of cancer. The success of CAOS in this study has significant implications for basic research and the future development of reliable methods for clinical diagnostic tools."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Evolutionary partial differential equations for biomedical image processing.	Alessandro Sarti,Karol Mikula,Fiorella Sgallari,Claudio Lamberti	2002	We are presenting here a model for processing space-time image sequences and applying them to 3D echo-cardiography. The non-linear evolutionary equations filter the sequence with keeping space-time coherent structures. They have been developed using ideas of regularized Perona-Malik an-isotropic diffusion and geometrical diffusion of mean curvature flow type (Malladi-Sethian), combined with Galilean invariant movie multi-scale analysis of Alvarez et al. A discretization of space-time filtering equations by means of finite volume method is discussed in detail. Computational results in processing of 3D echo-cardiographic sequences obtained by rotational acquisition technique and by real-time 3D echo volumetrics acquisition technique are presented. Quantitative error estimation is also provided.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Archimedes: a new model for simulating health care systems--the mathematical formulation.	Leonard Schlessinger,David M. Eddy	2002	"This paper designs an object-oriented, continuous-time, full simulation model for addressing a wide range of clinical, procedural, administrative, and financial decisions in health care at a high level of biological, clinical, and administrative detail. The full model has two main parts, which with some simplification can be designated ""physiology models"" and ""models of care processes."" The models of care processes, although highly detailed, are mathematically straightforward. However, the mathematics that describes human biology, diseases, and the effects of interventions are more difficult. This paper describes the mathematical formulation and methods for deriving equations, for a variety of different sources of data. Although Archimedes was originally designed for health care applications, the formulation, and equations are general and can be applied to many natural systems."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Editorial.	Edward H. Shortliffe	2002	Editorial.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	JBI status report.	Edward H. Shortliffe	2002	JBI status report.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial.	Terence Critchlow	2002	Guest editorial.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Rapid automated three-dimensional tracing of neurons from confocal image stacks.	Khalid A. Al-Kofahi,Sharie Lasek,Donald H. Szarowski,Christopher J. Pace,George Nagy,James N. Turner,Badrinath Roysam	2002	Rapid automated three-dimensional tracing of neurons from confocal image stacks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Auditory stimulus optimization with feedback from fuzzy clustering of neuronal responses.	Michael J. Anderson,Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou	2002	Auditory stimulus optimization with feedback from fuzzy clustering of neuronal responses.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Quantitative comparison and analysis of brain image registration using frequency-adaptive wavelet shrinkage.	Ivo D. Dinov,Michael S. Mega,Paul M. Thompson,Roger P. Woods,De Witt L. Sumners,Elizabeth L. Sowell,Arthur W. Toga	2002	Quantitative comparison and analysis of brain image registration using frequency-adaptive wavelet shrinkage.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual reality treatment of flying phobia.	Rosa María Baños,Cristina Botella,C. Perpina,Mariano Alcañiz Raya,José Antonio Lozano,Jorge Osma,M. Gallardo	2002	Virtual reality treatment of flying phobia.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Fractal analysis in the detection of colonic cancer images.	A. Nasser Esgiar,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib,Bayan S. Sharif,Mark K. Bennett,A. Murray	2002	Fractal analysis in the detection of colonic cancer images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Dynamic image data compression in the spatial and temporal domains: clinical issues and assessment.	David Dagan Feng,Weidong Cai,Roger Fulton	2002	Dynamic image data compression in the spatial and temporal domains: clinical issues and assessment.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automatic control of arterial carbon dioxide tension in mechanically ventilated patients.	Tyrone Fernando,J. Cade,J. Packer	2002	Automatic control of arterial carbon dioxide tension in mechanically ventilated patients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Medical image compression by sampling DCT coefficients.	Yung-Gi Wu	2002	Medical image compression by sampling DCT coefficients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Technology improvements for image-guided and minimally invasive spine procedures.	Kevin Cleary,Mark Clifford,Dan Stoianovici,Matthew T. Freedman,Seong K. Mun,Vance Watson	2002	Technology improvements for image-guided and minimally invasive spine procedures.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Remote processing server for ECG-based clinical diagnosis support.	José García,Ignacio Martínez Ruiz,Leif Sörnmo,Salvador Olmos,Angel Mur,Pablo Laguna	2002	Remote processing server for ECG-based clinical diagnosis support.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Evaluation and application of a semantic network partition.	James Geller,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,Zong Chen,Huanying Gu	2002	Evaluation and application of a semantic network partition.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A data-hiding technique with authentication, integration, and confidentiality for electronic patient records.	Hui-Mei Chao,Chin-Ming Hsu,Shaou-Gang Miaou	2002	A data-hiding technique with authentication, integration, and confidentiality for electronic patient records.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A discrete curvature-based deformable surface model with application to segmentation of volumetric images.	A. Ghanei,Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh	2002	A discrete curvature-based deformable surface model with application to segmentation of volumetric images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Partitioning the UMLS semantic network.	Zong Chen,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,James Geller,Huanying Gu	2002	Partitioning the UMLS semantic network.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The development of virtual reality therapy (VRT) system for the treatment of acrophobia and therapeutic case.	Dong Pyo Jang,Jeonghun Ku,Young H. Choi,Brenda K. Wiederhold,San W. Nam,In-Young Kim,Sun I. Kim	2002	The development of virtual reality therapy (VRT) system for the treatment of acrophobia and therapeutic case.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Architecture of a mediator for a bioinformatics database federation.	Graham J. L. Kemp,Nicos Angelopoulos,Peter M. D. Gray	2002	Architecture of a mediator for a bioinformatics database federation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Biological data integration: wrapping data and tools.	Zoé Lacroix	2002	Biological data integration: wrapping data and tools.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial: information technology in biomedicine: maturational insights.	Swamy Laxminarayan	2002	Editorial: information technology in biomedicine: maturational insights.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A computational skin model: fold and wrinkle formation.	Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann,Prem Kalra,Jean Luc Lévêque,Roland Bazin,Dominique Batisse,Bernard Querleux	2002	A computational skin model: fold and wrinkle formation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Extending ventilation duration estimations approach from adult to neonatal intensive care patients using artificial neural networks.	Yanling Tong,Monique Frize,Robin C. Walker	2002	Extending ventilation duration estimations approach from adult to neonatal intensive care patients using artificial neural networks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Fetal lung maturity analysis using ultrasound image features.	K. N. Bhanu Prakash,A. G. Ramakrishnan,S. Suresh,T. W. P. Chow	2002	Fetal lung maturity analysis using ultrasound image features.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Three-dimensional object-oriented modeling of the stomach for the purpose of microprocessor-controlled functional stimulation.	P. Z. Rashev,K. L. Bowes,Martin P. Mintchev	2002	Three-dimensional object-oriented modeling of the stomach for the purpose of microprocessor-controlled functional stimulation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Iterative normalization of cDNA microarray data.	Yue Wang,Jianping Lu,Richard Lee,Zhiping Gu,Robert Clarke	2002	Iterative normalization of cDNA microarray data.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Behavioral avoidance dynamics in the presence of a virtual spider.	Patrice Renaud,Stéphane Bouchard,Robert Proulx	2002	Behavioral avoidance dynamics in the presence of a virtual spider.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual-reality-based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image disturbances in binge eating disorders: a preliminary controlled study.	Giuseppe Riva,Monica Bacchetta,Margherita Baruffi,Enrico Molinari	2002	Virtual-reality-based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image disturbances in binge eating disorders: a preliminary controlled study.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Interaction and presence in the clinical relationship: virtual reality (VR) as communicative medium between patient and therapist.	Giuseppe Riva,Enrico Molinari,Francesco Vincelli	2002	Interaction and presence in the clinical relationship: virtual reality (VR) as communicative medium between patient and therapist.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest editorial: introduction to the special issue on virtual reality environments in behavioral sciences.	Giuseppe Riva,Brenda K. Wiederhold	2002	Guest editorial: introduction to the special issue on virtual reality environments in behavioral sciences.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The treatment of fear of flying: a controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy.	Brenda K. Wiederhold,Dong Pyo Jang,R. G. Gevirtz,Sun I. Kim,In-Young Kim,Mark D. Wiederhold	2002	The treatment of fear of flying: a controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Robust region of interest coding for improved sign language telecommunication.	David M. Saxe,Richard A. Foulds	2002	Robust region of interest coding for improved sign language telecommunication.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An open architecture patient monitoring system using standard technologies.	Péter Várady,Zoltán Benyó,B. Benyo	2002	An open architecture patient monitoring system using standard technologies.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Model-based processing scheme for quantitative 4-D cardiac MRI analysis.	George Stalidis,Nikolaos Maglaveras,Serafim N. Efstratiadis,Athanasios S. Dimitriadis,Costas Pappas	2002	Model-based processing scheme for quantitative 4-D cardiac MRI analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	OILing the way to machine understandable bioinformatics resources.	Robert Stevens,Carole A. Goble,Ian Horrocks,Sean Bechhofer	2002	OILing the way to machine understandable bioinformatics resources.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Building a bioinformatics ontology using OIL.	Robert Stevens,Carole A. Goble,Ian Horrocks,Sean Bechhofer	2002	Building a bioinformatics ontology using OIL.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	White and black blood volumetric angiographic filtering: ellipsoidal scale-space approach.	Jasjit S. Suri,Kecheng Liu,Laura Reden,Swamy Laxminarayan	2002	White and black blood volumetric angiographic filtering: ellipsoidal scale-space approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A review on MR vascular image processing algorithms: acquisition and prefiltering: part I.	Jasjit S. Suri,Kecheng Liu,Laura Reden,Swamy Laxminarayan	2002	A review on MR vascular image processing algorithms: acquisition and prefiltering: part I.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A review on MR vascular image processing: skeleton versus nonskeleton approaches: part II.	Jasjit S. Suri,Kecheng Liu,Laura Reden,Swamy Laxminarayan	2002	A review on MR vascular image processing: skeleton versus nonskeleton approaches: part II.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Shape recovery algorithms using level sets in 2-D/3-D medical imagery: a state-of-the-art review.	Jasjit S. Suri,Kecheng Liu,Sameer Singh,Swamy Laxminarayan,Xiaolan Zeng,Laura Reden	2002	Shape recovery algorithms using level sets in 2-D/3-D medical imagery: a state-of-the-art review.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Efficient Fully 3D Iterative SPECT Reconstruction with Monte Carlo Based Scatter Compensation.	Freek J. Beekman,Hugo W. A. M. de Jong,Sander van Geloven	2002	Efficient Fully 3D Iterative SPECT Reconstruction with Monte Carlo Based Scatter Compensation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimal shifted estimates of human-observer templates in two-alternative forced-choice experiments.	Craig K. Abbey,Miguel P. Eckstein	2002	Optimal shifted estimates of human-observer templates in two-alternative forced-choice experiments.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computation and visualization of three-dimensional motion in the orbit.	Michael Abramoff,Max A. Viergever	2002	Computation and visualization of three-dimensional motion in the orbit.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Proof of the Spherical Homeomorphism Conjecture for Surfaces.	Lowell Abrams,Donniell E. Fishkind,Carey E. Priebe	2002	A Proof of the Spherical Homeomorphism Conjecture for Surfaces.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Edge Displacement Field-Based Classification for Improved Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography.	Burak Acar,Christopher F. Beaulieu,Salih Burak Göktürk,Carlo Tomasi,David S. Paik,R. Brooke Jeffrey Jr.,Judy Yee,Sandy Napel	2002	Edge Displacement Field-Based Classification for Improved Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Frequency Decomposition and Computing of Ultrasound Medical Images with Wavelets Packets.	Elena Biagi,Luca Breschi,Simona Granchi,Leonardo Masotti	2002	Frequency Decomposition and Computing of Ultrasound Medical Images with Wavelets Packets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A modified fuzzy c-means algorithm for bias field estimation and segmentation of MRI data.	Mohamed N. Ahmed,Sameh M. Yamany,Nevin Mohamed,Aly A. Farag,Thomas Moriarty	2002	A modified fuzzy c-means algorithm for bias field estimation and segmentation of MRI data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Initialization, Noise, Singularities and Scale in Height Ridge Traversal for Tubular Object Centerline Extraction.	Stephen R. Aylward,Elizabeth Bullitt	2002	Initialization, Noise, Singularities and Scale in Height Ridge Traversal for Tubular Object Centerline Extraction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generalization of Median Root Prior Reconstruction.	Sakari Alenius,Ulla Ruotsalainen	2002	Generalization of Median Root Prior Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Binary Morphological Shape-Based Interpolation Applied to 3D Tooth Reconstruction.	Adrian G. Bors,Lefteris Kechagias,Ioannis Pitas	2002	Binary Morphological Shape-Based Interpolation Applied to 3D Tooth Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generation of Anisotropic-Smoothness Regularization Filters for EIT.	Andrea Borsic,William R. B. Lionheart,Christoher N. McLeod	2002	Generation of Anisotropic-Smoothness Regularization Filters for EIT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Segmentation of Echocardiographic Sequences by Active Appearance Motion Models.	Johan G. Bosch,Steven C. Mitchell,Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt,Francisca Nijland,Otto Kamp,Milan Sonka,Johan H. C. Reiber	2002	Automatic Segmentation of Echocardiographic Sequences by Active Appearance Motion Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Modeling the axial extension of a transmission line source within iterative reconstruction via multiple transmission sources.	James E. Bowsher,Martin P. Tornai,J. Peter,D. E. Gonzalez Trotter,Andrzej Król,David R. Gilland,Ronald J. Jaszczak	2002	Modeling the axial extension of a transmission line source within iterative reconstruction via multiple transmission sources.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	O (N3logN) Backprojection Algorithm for the 3D Radon Transform.	Samit Basu,Yoram Bresler	2002	O (N3logN) Backprojection Algorithm for the 3D Radon Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measures of Folding Applied to the Development of the Human Fetal Brain.	Philipp G. Batchelor,Andy D. Castellano-Smith,Derek L. G. Hill,David J. Hawkes,Tim C. S. Cox,A. F. Dean	2002	Measures of Folding Applied to the Development of the Human Fetal Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A method to reduce the Gibbs ringing artifact in MRI scans while keeping tissue boundary integrity.	Rick Archibald,Anne Gelb	2002	A method to reduce the Gibbs ringing artifact in MRI scans while keeping tissue boundary integrity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction in Diffraction Ultrasound Tomography Using Non-Uniform FFT.	Michael M. Bronstein,Alexander M. Bronstein,Michael Zibulevsky,Haim Azhari	2002	Reconstruction in Diffraction Ultrasound Tomography Using Non-Uniform FFT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Knowledge-Based Approach to Automatic Detection of the Spinal Cord in CT Images.	Neculai Archip,Pierre-Jean Erard,Michael Egmont-Petersen,Jean-Marie Haefliger,Jean-Francois Germond	2002	A Knowledge-Based Approach to Automatic Detection of the Spinal Cord in CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Head-Mounted Operating Binocular for Augmented Reality Visualization in Medicine - Design and Initial Evaluation.	Wolfgang Birkfellner,Michael Figl,Klaus Huber,Franz Watzinger,Felix Wanschitz,Johann Hummel,Rudolf Hanel,Wolfgang Greimel,Peter Homolka,Rolf Ewers,Helmar Bergmann	2002	A Head-Mounted Operating Binocular for Augmented Reality Visualization in Medicine - Design and Initial Evaluation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume Rendering of Segmented Image Objects.	Elizabeth Bullitt,Stephen R. Aylward	2002	Volume Rendering of Segmented Image Objects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Digital Stereo Image Analyzer for Generating Automated 3-D Measures of Optic Disc Deformation in Glaucoma.	Enrique Corona,Sunanda Mitra,Mark Wilson,Peter Soliz,Thomas Krile,Young H. Kwon	2002	Digital Stereo Image Analyzer for Generating Automated 3-D Measures of Optic Disc Deformation in Glaucoma.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Encoding with frames in MRI and analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio.	Zhihua Xu,Andrew K. Chan	2002	Encoding with frames in MRI and analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Left Ventricular Volume Estimation for Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography.	Cristiana Corsi,Giuseppe Saracino,Alessandro Sarti,Claudio Lamberti	2002	Left Ventricular Volume Estimation for Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Time-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography in a Spherical Geometry.	Minghua Xu,Lihong V. Wang	2002	Time-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography in a Spherical Geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Edge-Preserving Tomographic Reconstruction with Nonlocal Regularization.	Daniel F. Yu,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2002	Edge-Preserving Tomographic Reconstruction with Nonlocal Regularization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Classification of disease subgroup and correlation of disease severity using magnetic resonance imaging whole-brain histograms: Application to magnetization transfer ratios and multiple sclerosis.	J. Dehmeshki,Gareth J. Barker,Paul S. Tofts	2002	Classification of disease subgroup and correlation of disease severity using magnetic resonance imaging whole-brain histograms: Application to magnetization transfer ratios and multiple sclerosis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The use of visual search for knowledge gathering in image decision support.	Laura Dempere-Marco,Xiao-Peng Hu,Sharyn L. S. MacDonald,Stephen M. Ellis,David M. Hansell,Guang-Zhong Yang	2002	The use of visual search for knowledge gathering in image decision support.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Functional MRI Activity Characterization Using Response Time Shift Estimates from Curve Evolution.	Mukund Desai,Rami Mangoubi,Jayant Shah,William Clement Karl,David N. Kennedy,Homer H. Pien,Andrew J. Worth	2002	Functional MRI Activity Characterization Using Response Time Shift Estimates from Curve Evolution.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume Image Registration by Cross-Entropy Optimization.	Yang-Ming Zhu	2002	Volume Image Registration by Cross-Entropy Optimization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Fusion of Freehand Endoscopic Brain Images to Three-Dimensional Surfaces: Creating Stereoscopic Panoramas.	Damini Dey,David G. Gobbi,Piotr J. Slomka,Kathleen J. M. Surry,Terry M. Peters	2002	Automatic Fusion of Freehand Endoscopic Brain Images to Three-Dimensional Surfaces: Creating Stereoscopic Panoramas.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Echocardiographic Strain and Strain-rate Imaging: A New Tool to Study Regional Myocardial Function.	"Jan D'hooge,Bart Bijnens,Jan Thoen,Frans Van de Werf,George R. Sutherland,Paul Suetens"	2002	Echocardiographic Strain and Strain-rate Imaging: A New Tool to Study Regional Myocardial Function.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multiscale contrast enhancement for radiographies: Laplacian pyramid vs. fast wavelet transform.	Sabine Dippel,Martin Stahl,Rafael Wiemker,Thomas Blaffert	2002	Multiscale contrast enhancement for radiographies: Laplacian pyramid vs. fast wavelet transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Understanding Phase Maps in MRI: Improved Phase Unwrapping.	Sofia Chavez,Qing-San Xiang,Li An	2002	Understanding Phase Maps in MRI: Improved Phase Unwrapping.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A MAP Framework for Tag Line Detection in SPAMM Data Using Markov Random Fields on the B-Spline Solid.	Yasheng Chen,Amir A. Amini	2002	Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging is a technique for measuringheart deformations through creation of a stripe grid pattern on cardiac images. Typically, sets of tag surfaces are encoded in the tissue appearing as dark lines on 2D images.The B-spline solid model for tagged MRI has the ad-vantage of tracking myocardial tissue with material coordinates. This makes it an effective model in the analysis of heart deformation. In this paper, we present a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) framework for detecting tags with a markov random field (MRF) defined on a sampled B-spline solid model. We formulate the tag tracking problem as MAP estimation, finding the optimal solid for the tag features present in the current image set given an initial solid for the previous frame. The framework also allows the parameters of the solid model, number of knots, and spline order to be adjusted. In this approach, fitting can start with a solid withless knots and lower spline order, and proceed to one with more knots and/or higher order to achieve more accuracy. The approach has been validated on two sets of in-vivo heart data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative analysis of reconstructed 3-D coronary arterial tree and intracoronary devices.	S.-Y. James Chen,John D. Carroll,John C. Messenger	2002	Quantitative analysis of reconstructed 3-D coronary arterial tree and intracoronary devices.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Support Vector Machine Approach for Detection of Microcalcifications.	Issam El-Naqa,Yongyi Yang,Miles N. Wernick,Nikolas P. Galatsanos,Robert M. Nishikawa	2002	A Support Vector Machine Approach for Detection of Microcalcifications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical Image Reconstruction for Polyenergetic X-ray Computer Tomography.	Idris A. Elbakri,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2002	Statistical Image Reconstruction for Polyenergetic X-ray Computer Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of cancellous bone from high resolution computed tomography images: Influence on trabecular bone measurements.	A. Elmooutaouakkil,Françoise Peyrin,J. Elkafi,A. M. Laval-Jeantet	2002	Segmentation of cancellous bone from high resolution computed tomography images: Influence on trabecular bone measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D EIT Imaging of Breast Tissues: System Design and Clinical Testing.	Vladimir A. Cherepenin,Alexander Y. Karpov,Alexander V. Korjenevsky,Valdimir N. Kornienko,Yury S. Kultiasov,Mikhail B. Ochapkin,Olga V. Trochanova,J. David Meister	2002	3D EIT Imaging of Breast Tissues: System Design and Clinical Testing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A minimum description length approach to statistical shape modeling.	Rhodri H. Davies,Carole J. Twining,Timothy F. Cootes,John C. Waterton,Christopher J. Taylor	2002	A minimum description length approach to statistical shape modeling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Frequency Decomposition and Computing of Ultrasound Medical Images with Wavelet Packets.	Gabriella Cincotti,Giovanna Loi,Massimo Pappalardo	2002	Frequency Decomposition and Computing of Ultrasound Medical Images with Wavelet Packets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volumetric Segmentation of Brain Images Using Parallel Genetic Algorithms.	Yong Fan,Tianzi Jiang,David J. Evans	2002	Volumetric Segmentation of Brain Images Using Parallel Genetic Algorithms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vibro-acoustic Tissue Mammography.	Mostafa Fatemi,Lester E. Wold,Azra Alizad,James F. Greenleaf	2002	Vibro-acoustic Tissue Mammography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Weighted Regularization in Electrical Impedance Tomography with Applications to Acute Cerebral Stroke.	M. T. Clay,T. C. Ferree	2002	Weighted Regularization in Electrical Impedance Tomography with Applications to Acute Cerebral Stroke.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Comparison of Techniques to Optimize Measurement of Voltage Changes in Electrical Impedance Tomography by Minimizing Phase Shift Errors.	A. J. Fitzgerald,D. S. Holder,Leila Eadie,C. Hare,R. H. Bayford	2002	A Comparison of Techniques to Optimize Measurement of Voltage Changes in Electrical Impedance Tomography by Minimizing Phase Shift Errors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-dimensional Cardiovascular Image Analysis.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Daniel Rueckert,James S. Duncan	2002	Three-dimensional Cardiovascular Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Propagation of Measurement Noise through Backprojection Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Pere J. Riu,Javier Rosell,Max A. Viergever	2002	Propagation of Measurement Noise through Backprojection Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Construction of Multiple-object Three-dimensional Statistical Shape Models: Application to Cardiac Modelling.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Daniel Rueckert,Julia A. Schnabel,Wiro J. Niessen	2002	Automatic Construction of Multiple-object Three-dimensional Statistical Shape Models: Application to Cardiac Modelling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series?	Luis Freire,Alexis Roche,Jean-Francois Mangin	2002	What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series?
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regional Lung Perfusion as Determined by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Comparison with Electron Beam CT Imaging.	Inéz Frerichs,Jose Hinz,Peter Herrmann,Gerald Weisser,Günter Hahn,Michael Quintel,Gerhard Hellige	2002	Regional Lung Perfusion as Determined by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Comparison with Electron Beam CT Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Application of Task-Based Measures of Image Quality to Optimization and Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction-Based Compensation Methods in Myocardial Perfusion SPECT.	Eric C. Frey,Karen L. Gilland,Benjamin M. W. Tsui	2002	Application of Task-Based Measures of Image Quality to Optimization and Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction-Based Compensation Methods in Myocardial Perfusion SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Efficient Model-based Quantification of Left Ventricle Function in 3D Echography .	Olivier Gérard,Antoine Collet Billon,Jean-Michel Rouet,Miarie Jacob,Maxim Fradkin,Cyril F. Allouche	2002	Efficient Model-based Quantification of Left Ventricle Function in 3D Echography .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Active Shape Model Segmentation with Optimal Features.	Bram van Ginneken,Alejandro F. Frangi,Joes Staal,Bart M. ter Haar Romeny,Max A. Viergever	2002	Active Shape Model Segmentation with Optimal Features.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Detection of Abnormalities in Chest Radiographs Using Local Texture Analysis.	Bram van Ginneken,Shigehiko Katsuragawa,Bart M. ter Haar Romeny,Kunio Doi,Max A. Viergever	2002	Automatic Detection of Abnormalities in Chest Radiographs Using Local Texture Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Deformable Model for Analysis of X-ray CT Images in Pre-clinical Studies of Mice for Polycystic Kidney Disease.	Shaun S. Gleason,Hamed Sari-Sarraf,Mongi A. Abidi,O. Karakashian,F. Morandi	2002	A New Deformable Model for Analysis of X-ray CT Images in Pre-clinical Studies of Mice for Polycystic Kidney Disease.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Novel EIS Post-Processing Algorithm for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.	Yael A. Glickman,Orna Filo,Udi Nachaliel,Sarah Lenington,Sigal Amin-Spector,Gad Kenan,Ron Ginor	2002	Novel EIS Post-Processing Algorithm for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Cortex Segmentation - A Fast Variational Geometric Approach.	Roman Goldenberg,Ron Kimmel,Ehud Rivlin,Michael Rudzsky	2002	Cortex Segmentation - A Fast Variational Geometric Approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging of spatiotemporal coincident states by DC optical tomography.	Harry L. Graber,Yaling Pei,Randall L. Barbour	2002	Imaging of spatiotemporal coincident states by DC optical tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Topology Correction in Brain Cortex Segmentation Using a Multi-Scale, Graph-Based Algorithm.	Xiao Han,Chenyang Xu,Ulisses Braga-Neto,Jerry L. Prince	2002	Topology Correction in Brain Cortex Segmentation Using a Multi-Scale, Graph-Based Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Phase-Based Multidimensional Volume Registration.	Magnus Hemmendorff,Mats T. Andersson,Torbjörn Kronander,Hans Knutsson	2002	We present a method for accurate image registration and motion estimation in multidimensional volumes, such as 3D CT and MR images. The method is based on phase from quadrature filters, which makes it insensitive to variations in luminance and other disturbance in the images. The theory is not restricted to any particular kind of motion model or number of dimensions. Experimental results for affine motions in 3D show high accuracy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Medical Image Computing at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science in Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf.	Karl Heinz Hoehne	2002	Medical Image Computing at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science in Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging of Thoracic Blood Volume Changes during the Heart Cycle with Electrical Impedance using a Linear Spot-Electrode Array.	A. E. Hoetink,Theo J. C. Faes,J. T. Marcus,H. J. J. Kerkkamp,R. M. Heethar	2002	Imaging of Thoracic Blood Volume Changes during the Heart Cycle with Electrical Impedance using a Linear Spot-Electrode Array.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantification of Small Cerebral Ventricular Volume Changes in Treated Growth Hormone Patients using Non-Rigid Registration.	Mark Holden,Julia A. Schnabel,Derek L. G. Hill	2002	Quantification of Small Cerebral Ventricular Volume Changes in Treated Growth Hormone Patients using Non-Rigid Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Objective Comparison of Quantitative Imaging Modalities Without the Use of a Gold Standard.	John W. Hoppin,Matthew A. Kupinski,George A. Kastis,Eric Clarkson,Harrison H. Barrett	2002	Objective Comparison of Quantitative Imaging Modalities Without the Use of a Gold Standard.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Discretization of the Radon transform and of its inverse by spline convolutions.	Stefan Horbelt,Michael Liebling,Michael Unser	2002	Discretization of the Radon transform and of its inverse by spline convolutions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A shape-space based approach to tracking myocardial borders and quantifying regional left ventricular function applied in echocardiography.	Gary Jacob,J. Alison Noble,Christian P. Behrenbruch,Andrew D. Kelion,Adrian P. Banning	2002	A shape-space based approach to tracking myocardial borders and quantifying regional left ventricular function applied in echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Validation of Medical Image Processing in Image-Guided Therapy.	Pierre Jannin,J. Michael Fitzpatrick,David J. Hawkes,Xavier Pennec,Ramin Shahidi,Michael W. Vannier	2002	Validation of Medical Image Processing in Image-Guided Therapy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatiotemporal forward solution of the EEG and MEG using network modelling.	Viktor K. Jirsa,Kelly J. Jantzen,Armin Fuchs,J. A. Scott Kelso	2002	Spatiotemporal forward solution of the EEG and MEG using network modelling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Consistent Landmark and Intensity-based Image Registration.	Hans J. Johnson,Gary E. Christensen	2002	Consistent Landmark and Intensity-based Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-scale Deformable Model Segmentation and Statistical Shape Analysis Using Medial Descriptions.	Sarang C. Joshi,Stephen M. Pizer,P. Thomas Fletcher,Paul A. Yushkevich,Andrew Thall,J. S. Marron	2002	Multi-scale Deformable Model Segmentation and Statistical Shape Analysis Using Medial Descriptions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Inverse Impedance Tomography: Imaging Tissue from Inside.	Jacques Jossinet,Emmanuel Marry,Amalric Montalibet	2002	Inverse Impedance Tomography: Imaging Tissue from Inside.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Whitaker Foundation: The end will be just the beginning.	Peter G. Katona	2002	The Whitaker Foundation: The end will be just the beginning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Breast: Clinical Imaging Results in 26 Subjects.	Todd E. Kerner,Keith D. Paulsen,Alex Hartov,Sandra K. Soho,Steven P. Poplack	2002	Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Breast: Clinical Imaging Results in 26 Subjects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	J-Substitution Algorithm in Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT): Phantom Experiments for Static Resistivity Images.	Hyan Soo Khang,Byung Il Lee,Suk Hoon Oh,Eung Je Woo,Soo Yeol Lee,Min Hyoung Cho,Ohin Kwon,Jeong-Rock Yoon,Jin Keun Seo	2002	J-Substitution Algorithm in Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT): Phantom Experiments for Static Resistivity Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Quasi-Static Analysis for a Class of Induced-Current EIT Systems using Discrete Coils.	Adnan Koksal,B. Murat Eyuboglu,Mehmet Demirbilek	2002	A Quasi-Static Analysis for a Class of Induced-Current EIT Systems using Discrete Coils.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Novel Measurement Technique to Assess the Effects of Coronary Brachytherapy in Clinical Trials.	Gerhard Koning,Joan C. Tuinenburg,Ellen Hekking,Janny Peelen,Anton van Weert,Danny Bergkamp,Bob Goedhart,Johan H. C. Reiber	2002	A Novel Measurement Technique to Assess the Effects of Coronary Brachytherapy in Clinical Trials.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Flux-Based Anisotropic Diffusion Applied to Enhancement of 3-D Angiogram.	Karl Krissian	2002	Flux-Based Anisotropic Diffusion Applied to Enhancement of 3-D Angiogram.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rapid Elastic Image Registration for 3D Ultrasound.	Jochen F. Krucker,Gerald L. LeCarpentier,J. Brian Fowlkes,Paul L. Carson	2002	Rapid Elastic Image Registration for 3D Ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	.	Richard M. Leahy,Michael F. Insana	2002	.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	PET Imaging-based Evaluation of Aerosol Drugs and Their Delivery Devices: Nasal and Pulmonary Studies.	Zhenghong Lee,Marc S. Berridge	2002	PET Imaging-based Evaluation of Aerosol Drugs and Their Delivery Devices: Nasal and Pulmonary Studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Feature-Guided Shape-Based Image Interpolation.	Tong-Yee Lee,Chao-Hung Lin	2002	Feature-Guided Shape-Based Image Interpolation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electro-magnetic Impedance Tomography (EMIT): A New Method for Impedance Imaging.	Shai Levy,Dan Adams,Yoram Bresler	2002	Electro-magnetic Impedance Tomography (EMIT): A New Method for Impedance Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Smoothing low SNR molecular images via anisotropic median-diffusion.	Jian Ling,Alan C. Bovik	2002	Smoothing low SNR molecular images via anisotropic median-diffusion.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Local Frequency Representations for Robust Multimodal Image Registration.	Jundong Liu,Baba C. Vemuri,José L. Marroquín	2002	Local Frequency Representations for Robust Multimodal Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Multiple Circular Paths Convolution Neural Network System for Detection of Mammographic Masses.	Shih-Chung Ben Lo,Huai Li,Yue Wang,Lisa Kinnard,Matthew T. Freedman	2002	A Multiple Circular Paths Convolution Neural Network System for Detection of Mammographic Masses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Using replicator dynamics for analyzing fMRI data of the human brain.	Gabriele Lohmann,Stefan Bohn	2002	Using replicator dynamics for analyzing fMRI data of the human brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Review of Cardiac Image Registration Methods.	Timo Mäkelä,Patrick Clarysse,Outi Sipilä,Nicoleta Pauna,Quoc-Cuong Pham,Toivo Katila,Isabelle E. Magnin	2002	A Review of Cardiac Image Registration Methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model Evaluation and Calibration for Prospective Respiratory Motion Correction in Coronary MR Angiography Based on 3D Image Registration.	Dirk Manke,Peter Rösch,Kay Nehrke,Peter Bornert,Olaf Dössel	2002	Model Evaluation and Calibration for Prospective Respiratory Motion Correction in Coronary MR Angiography Based on 3D Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Accurate and Efficient Bayesian Method for Automatic Segmentation of Brain MRI.	José L. Marroquín,Baba C. Vemuri,Salvador Botello,Félix Calderón,Antonio Fernández-Bouzas	2002	An Accurate and Efficient Bayesian Method for Automatic Segmentation of Brain MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Virtual Tagging: Numerical Considerations and Phantom Validation.	Sharmeen Masood,Jianxin Gao,Guang-Zhong Yang	2002	Virtual Tagging: Numerical Considerations and Phantom Validation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computerized Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Spiral CT Angiography Based on Volumetric Image Analysis.	Yoshitaka Masutani,Heber MacMahon,Kunio Doi	2002	Computerized Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Spiral CT Angiography Based on Volumetric Image Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Study of the Motion and Deformation of the Heart due to Respiration.	Kate McLeish,Derek L. G. Hill,David Atkinson,Jane M. Blackall,Reza Razavi	2002	A Study of the Motion and Deformation of the Heart due to Respiration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Parameter Space Warping: Shape-Based Correspondence Between Morphologically Different Objects.	Dominik Meier,Elizabeth Fisher	2002	Parameter Space Warping: Shape-Based Correspondence Between Morphologically Different Objects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Analytic Determination of the Pinhole Collimator's Point-Spread Function and RMS Resolution with Penetration."	Scott D. Metzler,James E. Bowsher,Kim L. Greer,Ronald J. Jaszczak	2002	"Analytic Determination of the Pinhole Collimator's Point-Spread Function and RMS Resolution with Penetration."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A High-Resolution Technique for Ultrasound Harmonic Imaging Using Sparse Representation in Gabor Frames.	Oleg V. Michailovich,Dan Adam	2002	A High-Resolution Technique for Ultrasound Harmonic Imaging Using Sparse Representation in Gabor Frames.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3-D Active Appearance Models: Segmentation of Cardiac MR and Ultrasound Images.	Steven C. Mitchell,Johan G. Bosch,Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt,Rob J. van der Geest,Johan H. C. Reiber,Milan Sonka	2002	3-D Active Appearance Models: Segmentation of Cardiac MR and Ultrasound Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Experimental validation of a linear model for data reduction in Chirp-Pulse microwave CT.	M. Miyakawa,K. Orikasa,M. Bertero,P. Boccacci,F. Conte,M. Piana	2002	Experimental validation of a linear model for data reduction in Chirp-Pulse microwave CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Predicitive (un)distortion Model and 3D Reconstruction by Biplane Snakes.	Cristina Cañero Morales,Fernando Vilariño,Josefina Mauri,Petia Radeva	2002	Predicitive (un)distortion Model and 3D Reconstruction by Biplane Snakes.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction of time-varying 3D left ventricular shape from multiview x-ray cineangiocardiograms.	Masamitsu Moriyama,Yoshinobu Sato,Hiroaki Naito,Masayuki Hanayama,Takashi Ueguchi,Toshinobu Harada,Fujiichi Yoshimoto,Shinichi Tamura	2002	Reconstruction of time-varying 3D left ventricular shape from multiview x-ray cineangiocardiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A direct reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography .	Jennifer L. Mueller,Samuli Siltanen,David Isaacson	2002	A direct reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography .
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mathematical Generation of Normal Data for Evaluating Myocardial Perfusion Studies.	Marianna Dudasne Nagy,Eörs Máté,Bela Kari	2002	Mathematical Generation of Normal Data for Evaluating Myocardial Perfusion Studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical Impedance Tomography.	Jonathan C. Newell,David Isaacson,Jennifer L. Mueller	2002	Electrical Impedance Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatiotemporal reconstruction of list mode PET data.	Thomas E. Nichols,Jinyi Qi,Evren Asma,Richard M. Leahy	2002	Spatiotemporal reconstruction of list mode PET data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	On a limited-view reconstruction problem in wavefield tomography.	Xiaochuan Pan,Mark A. Anastasio	2002	On a limited-view reconstruction problem in wavefield tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatial Statistics: Methodological Aspects and Applications, Marc Moore, editor.	Xiaochuan Pan,Chien-Min Kao	2002	Spatial Statistics: Methodological Aspects and Applications, Marc Moore, editor.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation of 3D left ventricular deformation from medical images using biomechanical models.	Xenophon Papademetris,Albert J. Sinusas,Donald P. Dione,R. Todd Constable,James S. Duncan	2002	Estimation of 3D left ventricular deformation from medical images using biomechanical models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating Distributed Anatomical Brain Connectivity Using Fast Marching Methods and Diffusion Tensor Imaging.	Geoffrey J. M. Parker,Claudia A. M. Wheeler-Kingshott,Gareth J. Barker	2002	Estimating Distributed Anatomical Brain Connectivity Using Fast Marching Methods and Diffusion Tensor Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computation of unmeasured 3rd generation VCT views from measured views.	S. K. Patch	2002	Computation of unmeasured 3rd generation VCT views from measured views.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive Elastic Segmentation of Brain MRI via Shape Model Guided Evolutionary Programming.	Alain Pitiot,Arthur W. Toga,Paul M. Thompson	2002	Adaptive Elastic Segmentation of Brain MRI via Shape Model Guided Evolutionary Programming.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical analysis of non-linearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images: Part I - Theory and simulations.	Brian W. Pogue,Xiaomei Song,Tor D. Tosteson,Troy O. McBride,Shudong Jiang,Keith D. Paulsen	2002	Statistical analysis of non-linearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images: Part I - Theory and simulations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Krylov Subspace Iterative Techniques: On the Detection of Brain Activity with Electrical Impedance Tomography.	Nicholas Polydorides,William R. B. Lionheart,H. McCann	2002	Krylov Subspace Iterative Techniques: On the Detection of Brain Activity with Electrical Impedance Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computation of the Mid-Sagittal Plane in 3D Brain Images.	Sylvain Prima,Sébastien Ourselin,Nicholas Ayache	2002	Computation of the Mid-Sagittal Plane in 3D Brain Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Immunofluorescence Imaging as a Tool for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of a Human Monoclonal Single Chain Fragment Antibody.	Bram Ramjiawan,Robert E. Ariano,Henry H. Mantsch,Pradip Maiti,Michael Jackson	2002	Immunofluorescence Imaging as a Tool for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of a Human Monoclonal Single Chain Fragment Antibody.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Neural Networks Method for Identification of the Objects Behind the Screen.	Elzbieta Ratajewicz-Mikolajczak,Jan Sikora	2002	Neural Networks Method for Identification of the Objects Behind the Screen.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Scale-Based Diffusive Image Filtering Preserving Boundary Sharpness and Fine Structures.	Punam K. Saha,Jayaram K. Udupa	2002	Scale-Based Diffusive Image Filtering Preserving Boundary Sharpness and Fine Structures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracking Leukocytes In Vivo with Shape and Size Constrained Active Contours.	Nilanjan Ray,Scott T. Acton,Klaus Ley	2002	Tracking Leukocytes In Vivo with Shape and Size Constrained Active Contours.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Learning contextual relationships in mammograms using a pyramid neural network.	Paul Sajda,Clay Spence,John C. Pearson	2002	Learning contextual relationships in mammograms using a pyramid neural network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	X-Ray Computed Tomography Methods for In Vivo Evaluation of Local Drug Release Systems.	Kyle A. Salem,Agata Szymanski-Exner,Roee S. Lazebnik,Michael S. Breen,Jinming Gao,David L. Wilson	2002	X-Ray Computed Tomography Methods for In Vivo Evaluation of Local Drug Release Systems.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Harmonic Analysis of Low-Frequency Bio-Electrode Behavior.	A. Richardot,E. T. McAdams	2002	Harmonic Analysis of Low-Frequency Bio-Electrode Behavior.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated 3D Echocardiography Analysis Compared with Manual Delineations and SPECT MUGA.	Gerardo I. Sanchez-Ortiz,Gabriel J. T. Wright,Nigel J. Clarke,Jérôme Declerck,Adrian P. Banning,J. Alison Noble	2002	Automated 3D Echocardiography Analysis Compared with Manual Delineations and SPECT MUGA.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anti-Aliasing Weighting Functions for Single-Slice Helical CT.	Patrick J. La Rivière,Xiaochuan Pan	2002	Anti-Aliasing Weighting Functions for Single-Slice Helical CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Longitudinal aliasing in Multi-slice Helical Computed Tomography: Sampling and Cone-beam Effects.	Patrick J. La Rivière,Xiaochuan Pan	2002	Longitudinal aliasing in Multi-slice Helical Computed Tomography: Sampling and Cone-beam Effects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Integrated Surface Optimization for 3-D Freehand Echocardiography.	Mingzhou Song,Robert M. Haralick,Florence H. Sheehan,Richard K. Johnson	2002	Integrated Surface Optimization for 3-D Freehand Echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical analysis of non-linearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images: Part II - Experimental studies.	Xiaomei Song,Brian W. Pogue,Tor D. Tosteson,Troy O. McBride,Shudong Jiang,Keith D. Paulsen	2002	Statistical analysis of non-linearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images: Part II - Experimental studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An x-ray based method for the determination of the contrast agent propagation in 3D vessel structures.	Holger Schmitt,Michael Grass,Volker Rasche,Oliver Schramm,S. Hähnel,K. Sartor	2002	An x-ray based method for the determination of the contrast agent propagation in 3D vessel structures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Towards Virtual Electrical Breast Biopsy: Space-frequency MUSIC for Trans-Admittance Data.	Bernhard Scholz	2002	Towards Virtual Electrical Breast Biopsy: Space-frequency MUSIC for Trans-Admittance Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Processing and Analysis in Drug Discovery and Clinical Trials.	Milan Sonka,Michael Grunkin	2002	Image Processing and Analysis in Drug Discovery and Clinical Trials.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Characterization of Tomographic Sampling in Hybrid PET Using the Fourier Crosstalk Matrix.	Robert Z. Stodilka,Edward J. Soares,Stephen J. Glick	2002	Characterization of Tomographic Sampling in Hybrid PET Using the Fourier Crosstalk Matrix.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated Analysis of Brachial Ultrasound Image Sequences: Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease via Surrogates of Endothelial Function.	Milan Sonka,Weidong Liang,Ronald M. Lauer	2002	Automated Analysis of Brachial Ultrasound Image Sequences: Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease via Surrogates of Endothelial Function.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Vasculature for Liver Surgery Planning.	Dirk Selle,Bernhard Preim,Andrea Schenk,Heinz-Otto Peitgen	2002	Analysis of Vasculature for Liver Surgery Planning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Vasculature for Liver Surgical Planning.	Dirk Selle,Bernhard Preim,Andrea Schenk,Heinz-Otto Peitgen	2002	Analysis of Vasculature for Liver Surgical Planning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Kinematics of the Heart: Strain Rate Imaging from Time-Resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI.	Pernilla Selskog,Einar Heiberg,Tino Ebbers,Lars Wigström,Matts Karlsson	2002	Kinematics of the Heart: Strain Rate Imaging from Time-Resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spiral CT based assessment of laryngotrachealstenoses with 3D image processing using a Skeletonisation algorithm.	Erich Sorantin,Csongor Halmai,Balázs Erdöhelyi,Kálmán Palágyi,Bernhard Geiger,Gerhard Friedrich,Karl Kiesel,Sven Loncaric	2002	Spiral CT based assessment of laryngotrachealstenoses with 3D image processing using a Skeletonisation algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Dielectrical Spectroscopy of Canine Myocardium during Acute Ischemia.	Serguei Y. Semenov,Robert H. Svenson,Vitaly G. Posukh,Alexei G. Nazarov,Yuri E. Sizov,Alexander E. Bulyshev,Alexander E. Souvorov,Wendy Chen,Jackie Kasell,George P. Tatsis	2002	Dielectrical Spectroscopy of Canine Myocardium during Acute Ischemia.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Implementation, Calibration and Accuracy Testing of an Image-Enhanced Endoscopy System.	Ramin Shahidi,Michael R. Bax,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Jeremy A. Johnson,Eric P. Wilkinson,Bai Wang,Jay B. West,Martin J. Citardi,Kim H. Manwaring,Rasool Khadem	2002	Implementation, Calibration and Accuracy Testing of an Image-Enhanced Endoscopy System.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Method for Three Dimensional Data Registration from Disparate Imaging Modalities.	Florence H. Sheehan,Edward L. Bolson,John Alan McDonald,Mark Reisman,Karl-Christian Kock,Athena Poppas	2002	Method for Three Dimensional Data Registration from Disparate Imaging Modalities.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mutual Information-Based Rigid and Nonrigid Registration of Ultrasound Volumes.	Raj Shekhar,Vladimir Zagrodsky	2002	Mutual Information-Based Rigid and Nonrigid Registration of Ultrasound Volumes.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	HAMMER: Heirarchical Attribute Matching Mechanism for Elastic Registration.	Dinggang Shen,Christos Davatzikos	2002	A new approach is presented for elastic registration of medical images, and is applied to magnetic resonance images of the brain. Experimental results demonstrate remarkably high accuracy in superposition of images from different subjects, thus enabling very precise localization of morphological characteristics in population studies. There are two major novelties in the proposed algorithm. First, it uses an attribute vector, i.e. a set of geometric moment invariants that is defined on each voxel in an image, to reflect the underlying anatomy at different scales. The attribute vector, if rich enough, can distinguish between different parts of an image, which helps establishanatomical correspondences in the deformation procedure. This is a fundamental deviation of our method, referred to as HAMMER, from other volumetric deformation methods, which are typically based on maximizing image similarity. Second, in order to avoid being trapped by local minima, i.e. suboptimal poor matches, HAMMER uses a successive approximation ofthe energy function being optimized by lower dimensional energy functions, which are constructed to have significantly fewer local minima. This is achieved by hierarchically selecting features that have distinct attribute vectors, thus drastically reducing ambiguity in finding correspondence. A number of experiments in this paper have demonstrated excellent performance.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	HAMMER: Heirarchical Attribute Matching Mechanism for Elastic Registration.	Dinggang Shen,Christos Davatzikos	2002	HAMMER: Heirarchical Attribute Matching Mechanism for Elastic Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Correction for ambiguous solutions in factor analysis using a penalized least squares objective.	Arkadiusz Sitek,Grant T. Gullberg,Ronald H. Huesman	2002	Correction for ambiguous solutions in factor analysis using a penalized least squares objective.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Effects of Incompatible Boundary Information in EIT on the Convergence Behavior of an Iterative Algorithm.	Mengxing Tang,Wei Wang,James Wheeler,Malcolm McCormick,Xiuzhen Dong	2002	Effects of Incompatible Boundary Information in EIT on the Convergence Behavior of an Iterative Algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) Analysis of Optical Pulse Responses in Biological Tissues for Spectroscopic Diffused Optical Tomography.	Tadatoshi Tanifuji,Masanori Hijikata	2002	FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) Analysis of Optical Pulse Responses in Biological Tissues for Spectroscopic Diffused Optical Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Using a Statistical Shape Model to Extract Sulcal Curves on the Outer Cortex of the Human Brain.	Xiaodong Tao,Jerry L. Prince,Christos Davatzikos	2002	Using a Statistical Shape Model to Extract Sulcal Curves on the Outer Cortex of the Human Brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the Urinary Bladder: The Effect of Inflammation and Edema on Identification of Malignancy.	Rod H. Smallwood,Ahmad Keshtkar,Bev A. Wilkinson,John A. Lee,Freddie C. Hamdy	2002	Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the Urinary Bladder: The Effect of Inflammation and Edema on Identification of Malignancy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Deformable Triangular Surfaces Using Fast 1-D Lagrangian Dynamics - Segmentation of 3-D MR and CT Images of the Wrist.	Jeroen G. Snel,Henk W. Venema,Cornelis A. Grimbergen	2002	Deformable Triangular Surfaces Using Fast 1-D Lagrangian Dynamics - Segmentation of 3-D MR and CT Images of the Wrist.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-Based Imaging of Cardiac Electrical Excitation in Humans.	Bernhard Tilg,Gerald Fischer,Robert Modre,Friedrich Hanser,Bernd Messnarz,Michael Schocke,Christian Kremser,Thomas Berger,Florian Hintringer,Franz Xaver Roithinger	2002	Model-Based Imaging of Cardiac Electrical Excitation in Humans.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Laboratory of Neuro Imaging; What it is; Why it is; and How it Came to Be.	Arthur W. Toga	2002	The Laboratory of Neuro Imaging; What it is; Why it is; and How it Came to Be.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Medical image reconstruction, processing, visualization and analysis: The MIPG perspective.	Jayaram K. Udupa,Gabor T. Herman	2002	Medical image reconstruction, processing, visualization and analysis: The MIPG perspective.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	First IEEE Symposium on Biomedical Imaging.	Michael Unser,Zhi-Pei Liang	2002	First IEEE Symposium on Biomedical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Contribution of Image Processing to the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy - Detection of Exudates in Color Fundus Images of the Human Retina.	Thomas Walter,Jean-Claude Klein,Pascale Massin,Ali Erginay	2002	A Contribution of Image Processing to the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy - Detection of Exudates in Color Fundus Images of the Human Retina.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Centerline Extraction for Virtual Colonoscopy.	Ming Wan,Zhengrong Liang,Qi Ke,Lichan Hong,Ingmar Bitter,Arie E. Kaufman	2002	Automatic Centerline Extraction for Virtual Colonoscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Independent Component Analysis by Aapo Hyva""rinen, Juha Karhunen, Erkki Oja."	Yue Wang	2002	"Independent Component Analysis by Aapo Hyva""rinen, Juha Karhunen, Erkki Oja."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Semi-automated Segmentation Methods for Accelerated Analysis of Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Data.	Ivo Wolf,Mark Hastenteufel,Raffaele De Simone,Marcus Vetter,Gerald-P. Glombitza,Sibylle Mottl-Link,Christian-Friedrich Vahl,Hans-Peter Meinzer	2002	Semi-automated Segmentation Methods for Accelerated Analysis of Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computational Cost of Non-Rigid Registration Algorithms Based on Fluid Dynamics.	Gert Wollny,Frithjof Kruggel	2002	Computational Cost of Non-Rigid Registration Algorithms Based on Fluid Dynamics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Non-rigid registration of 3-D free-hand ultrasound images of the breast.	Guofang Xiao,J. Michael Brady,J. Alison Noble,Michael Burcher,Ruth E. English	2002	Non-rigid registration of 3-D free-hand ultrasound images of the breast.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Ultrasound B-mode Images with Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction.	Guofang Xiao,Michael Brady,J. Alison Noble,Yongyue Zhang	2002	Segmentation of Ultrasound B-mode Images with Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact Frequency-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography: I. Planar Geometry.	Yuan Xu,Dazi Feng,Lihong V. Wang	2002	Exact Frequency-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography: I. Planar Geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Exact Frequency-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography: II. Cylindrical Geometry.	Yuan Xu,Minghua Xu,Lihong V. Wang	2002	Exact Frequency-Domain Reconstruction for Thermoacoustic Tomography: II. Cylindrical Geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D Freehand Echocardiography for Automatic Left Ventricle Reconstruction and Analysis based on Multiple Acoustic Windows.	Xujiong Ye,J. Alison Noble,David Atkinson	2002	3D Freehand Echocardiography for Automatic Left Ventricle Reconstruction and Analysis based on Multiple Acoustic Windows.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet compression of Four-Dimensional Arbitrarily Size Echocardiographic Data.	Li Zeng,Christian P. Jansen,Stephan Marsch,Michael Unser,Patrick R. Hunziker	2002	Wavelet compression of Four-Dimensional Arbitrarily Size Echocardiographic Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Automatic 'Pipeline' Analysis of 3D MRI Data for Clinical Trials: Application to Multiple Sclerosis."	Alex P. Zijdenbos,Reza Foghani,Alan C. Evans	2002	"Automatic 'Pipeline' Analysis of 3D MRI Data for Clinical Trials: Application to Multiple Sclerosis."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation and Tracking of Migrating Cells in Videomicroscopy with Parametric Active Contours: A Tool for Cell-Based Drug Testing.	Christophe Zimmer,Elisabeth Labruyere,Vannary Meas-Yedid,Nancy Guillen,Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin	2002	Segmentation and Tracking of Migrating Cells in Videomicroscopy with Parametric Active Contours: A Tool for Cell-Based Drug Testing.
JAMIA	Physician Satisfaction with Order Entry Systems.	Robert Patterson	2002	Physician Satisfaction with Order Entry Systems.
JAMIA	A Discipline by Any Other Name...	Patricia Flatley Brennan	2002	A Discipline by Any Other Name...
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Metadata-driven Ad Hoc Query of Patient Data: Meeting the Needs of Clinical Studies.	Aniruddha M. Deshpande,Cynthia Brandt,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2002	Application of Information Technology: Metadata-driven Ad Hoc Query of Patient Data: Meeting the Needs of Clinical Studies.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Desiderata for Personal Electronic Communication in Clinical Systems.	Indra Neil Sarkar,Justin Starren	2002	Implementation Brief: Desiderata for Personal Electronic Communication in Clinical Systems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Giving Patients Access to Their Medical Records via the Internet: The PCASSO Experience.	Daniel R. Masys,Dixie Baker,Amy Butros,Kevin E. Cowles	2002	Research Paper: Giving Patients Access to Their Medical Records via the Internet: The PCASSO Experience.
JAMIA	White Paper: Military Research Needs in Biomedical Informatics.	Jaques Reifman,Gary R. Gilbert,Lawrence M. Fagan,Richard M. Satava	2002	White Paper: Military Research Needs in Biomedical Informatics.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Defining and Improving Data Quality in Medical Registries: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Generic Framework.	Danielle G. T. Arts,Nicolette de Keizer,Gert Jan Scheffer	2002	Model Formulation: Defining and Improving Data Quality in Medical Registries: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Generic Framework.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Methods for Semi-automated Indexing for High Precision Information Retrieval.	Daniel C. Berrios,Russell J. Cucina,Lawrence M. Fagan	2002	Research Paper: Methods for Semi-automated Indexing for High Precision Information Retrieval.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Mapping Abbreviations to Full Forms in Biomedical Articles.	Hong Yu,George Hripcsak,Carol Friedman	2002	Research Paper: Mapping Abbreviations to Full Forms in Biomedical Articles.
JAMIA	Brief Review: The Contributions of Biomedical Informatics to the Fight Against Bioterrorism.	Isaac S. Kohane	2002	Brief Review: The Contributions of Biomedical Informatics to the Fight Against Bioterrorism.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: Integrating Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: The Need for Dual Training at the Clinical Health Systems and Policy Levels.	Kenneth D. Mandl,Thomas H. Lee	2002	Viewpoint: Integrating Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: The Need for Dual Training at the Clinical Health Systems and Policy Levels.
JAMIA	Forum Paper: Does National Regulatory Mandate of Provider Order Entry Portend Greater Benefit Than Risk for Health Care Delivery?: The 2001 ACMI Debate.	J. Marc Overhage,Blackford Middleton,Randolph A. Miller,Rita D. Zielstorff,William R. Hersh	2002	Forum Paper: Does National Regulatory Mandate of Provider Order Entry Portend Greater Benefit Than Risk for Health Care Delivery?: The 2001 ACMI Debate.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automatic Resolution of Ambiguous Terms Based on Machine Learning and Conceptual Relations in the UMLS.	Hongfang Liu,Stephen B. Johnson,Carol Friedman	2002	Research Paper: Automatic Resolution of Ambiguous Terms Based on Machine Learning and Conceptual Relations in the UMLS.
JAMIA	Review: Computer-generated Patient Education Materials: Do They Affect Professional Practice?: A Systematic Review.	Shaun P. Treweek,Claire Glenton,Andrew D. Oxman,Alister Penrose	2002	Review: Computer-generated Patient Education Materials: Do They Affect Professional Practice?: A Systematic Review.
JAMIA	Medical Informatics and Preparedness.	Patricia Flatley Brennan,William A. Yasnoff	2002	Medical Informatics and Preparedness.
JAMIA	Case Study: Exploring Issues of Quality of Service in a Next Generation Internet Testbed: A Case Study Using PathMaster.	Mark A. Shifman,Frederick G. Sayward,Mark E. Mattie,Perry L. Miller	2002	Case Study: Exploring Issues of Quality of Service in a Next Generation Internet Testbed: A Case Study Using PathMaster.
JAMIA	American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2001.	William W. Stead	2002	American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2001.
JAMIA	Reference Standards in Evaluating System Performance.	Randolph A. Miller	2002	Reference Standards in Evaluating System Performance.
JAMIA	Viewpoint: The Space Race and Biodefense: Lessons from NASA about Big Science and the Role of Medical Informatics.	Michael M. Wagner	2002	Viewpoint: The Space Race and Biodefense: Lessons from NASA about Big Science and the Role of Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Design and Analysis of Controlled Trials in Naturally Clustered Environments: Implications for Medical Informatics.	Jen-Hsiang Chuang,George Hripcsak,Daniel F. Heitjan	2002	Review Paper: Design and Analysis of Controlled Trials in Naturally Clustered Environments: Implications for Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Brief Review: The Informatics Response in Disaster, Terrorism, and War.	Jonathan M. Teich,Michael M. Wagner,Colin F. Mackenzie,Klaus O. Schafer	2002	Brief Review: The Informatics Response in Disaster, Terrorism, and War.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Design and Applications of a Multimodality Image Data Warehouse Framework.	Stephen T. C. Wong,Kent Soo Hoo,Robert C. Knowlton,Kenneth D. Laxer,Xinhua Cao,Randall A. Hawkins,William Dillon,Ronald L. Arenson	2002	Application of Information Technology: Design and Applications of a Multimodality Image Data Warehouse Framework.
JAMIA	Review Paper: The Evolution of Definitions for Nursing Informatics: A Critical Analysis and Revised Definition.	Nancy Staggers,Cheryl Bagley Thompson	2002	Review Paper: The Evolution of Definitions for Nursing Informatics: A Critical Analysis and Revised Definition.
JAMIA	Model Formation: Extending the LOINC Conceptual Schema to Support Standardized Assessment Instruments.	Thomas M. White,Michael J. Hauan	2002	Model Formation: Extending the LOINC Conceptual Schema to Support Standardized Assessment Instruments.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection: Information System-based Surveillance.	William B. Lober,Bryant Thomas Karras,Michael M. Wagner,J. Marc Overhage,Arthur J. Davidson,Hamish Fraser,Lisa J. Trigg,Kenneth D. Mandl,Jeremy U. Espino,Fu-Chiang Tsui	2002	Review Paper: Roundtable on Bioterrorism Detection: Information System-based Surveillance.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Creating an Online Dictionary of Abbreviations from MEDLINE.	Jeffrey T. Chang,Hinrich Schütze,Russ B. Altman	2002	Research Paper: Creating an Online Dictionary of Abbreviations from MEDLINE.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Effects of a Multimedia Project on Users' Knowledge about Normal Forgetting and Serious Memory Loss."	Diane F. Mahoney,Barbara J. Tarlow,Richard N. Jones,Johnny Sandaire	2002	"Research Paper: Effects of a Multimedia Project on Users' Knowledge about Normal Forgetting and Serious Memory Loss."
JAMIA	Research Paper: Recognition of Critical Situations from Time Series of Laboratory Results by Case-Based Reasoning.	Lutz Fritsche,Alexander Schlaefer,Klemens Budde,Kay Schröter,Hans-H. Neumayer	2002	Research Paper: Recognition of Critical Situations from Time Series of Laboratory Results by Case-Based Reasoning.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Immediate Benefits Realized Following Implementation of Physician Order Entry at an Academic Medical Center.	Hagop S. Mekhjian,Rajee R. Kumar,Lynn Kuehn,Thomas D. Bentley,Phyllis Teater,Andrew Thomas,Beth Payne,Asif Ahmad	2002	Research Paper: Immediate Benefits Realized Following Implementation of Physician Order Entry at an Academic Medical Center.
JAMIA	Telehealth: The Need for Evaluation Redux.	William R. Hersh,Patricia K. Patterson,Dale Kraemer	2002	Telehealth: The Need for Evaluation Redux.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Creating a Pediatric Digital Library for Pediatric Health Care Providers and Families: Using Literature and Data to Define Common Pediatric Problems.	"Donna M. D'Alessandro,Peggy Kingsley"	2002	Application of Information Technology: Creating a Pediatric Digital Library for Pediatric Health Care Providers and Families: Using Literature and Data to Define Common Pediatric Problems.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Reference Standards, Judges, and Comparison Subjects: Roles for Experts in Evaluating System Performance.	George Hripcsak,Adam B. Wilcox	2002	Review Paper: Reference Standards, Judges, and Comparison Subjects: Roles for Experts in Evaluating System Performance.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Development and Validation of Assessment Measures for a Newly Developed Physical Examination Simulator.	Carla M. Pugh,Patricia Youngblood	2002	Research Paper: Development and Validation of Assessment Measures for a Newly Developed Physical Examination Simulator.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Plug-and-Play XML: A Health Care Perspective.	Ralf Schweiger,Simon Hölzer,Udo Altmann,Joerg Rieger,Joachim Dudeck	2002	Application of Information Technology: Plug-and-Play XML: A Health Care Perspective.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Factors Associated with Success in Searching MEDLINE and Applying Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions.	William R. Hersh,M. Katherine Crabtree,David H. Hickam,Lynetta Sacherek,Charles P. Friedman,Patricia Tidmarsh,Craig Mosbaek,Dale Kraemer	2002	Research Paper: Factors Associated with Success in Searching MEDLINE and Applying Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Web-based Three-dimensional Virtual Body Structures: W3D-VBS.	Bharti Temkin,Eric Acosta,Paul Hatfield,Erhan Onal,Alex Tong	2002	Application of Information Technology: Web-based Three-dimensional Virtual Body Structures: W3D-VBS.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Real-time Notification of Laboratory Data Requested by Users through Alphanumeric Pagers.	Eric G. Poon,Gilad J. Kuperman,Julie M. Fiskio,David W. Bates	2002	Implementation Brief: Real-time Notification of Laboratory Data Requested by Users through Alphanumeric Pagers.
JAMIA	Drs. Murff and Kannry reply.	Harvey J. Murff,Joseph L. Kannry	2002	Drs. Murff and Kannry reply.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Indicators of Accuracy of Consumer Health Information on the Internet: A Study of Indicators Relating to Information for Managing Fever in Children in the Home.	Don Fallis,Martin Frické	2002	Research Paper: Indicators of Accuracy of Consumer Health Information on the Internet: A Study of Indicators Relating to Information for Managing Fever in Children in the Home.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Personal Health Records: Evaluation of Functionality and Utility.	Matthew I. Kim,Kevin B. Johnson	2002	Research Paper: Personal Health Records: Evaluation of Functionality and Utility.
JAMIA	Analysis of a Case: Training Synergies Between Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: Successes and Challenges.	Edward H. Shortliffe,Alan M. Garber	2002	Analysis of a Case: Training Synergies Between Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: Successes and Challenges.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Handheld Computer Use in U.S. Family Practice Residency Programs.	Dan F. Criswell,Michael L. Parchman	2002	Research Paper: Handheld Computer Use in U.S. Family Practice Residency Programs.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Does Feedback Improve the Quality of Computerized Medical Records in Primary Care?	Simon de Lusignan,Peter N. Stephens,Naeema Adal,Azeem Majeed	2002	Research Paper: Does Feedback Improve the Quality of Computerized Medical Records in Primary Care?
JAMIA	"Research Methods: Columbia University's Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) Project: Rationale and Design."	Steven Shea,Justin Starren,Ruth S. Weinstock,Paul E. Knudson,Jeanne A. Teresi,Douglas Holmes,Walter Palmas,Lesley Field,Robin Goland,Catherine Tuck,George Hripcsak,Linnea Capps,David Liss	2002	"Research Methods: Columbia University's Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) Project: Rationale and Design."
JAMIA	Editorial: Hitting a Moving Target: Toward a Compliance-driven Patient Record.	C. Frank Starmer	2002	Editorial: Hitting a Moving Target: Toward a Compliance-driven Patient Record.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Practical Approach to Process Support in Health Information Systems.	Richard Lenz,Thomas Elstner,Hannes Siegele,Klaus A. Kuhn	2002	Application of Information Technology: A Practical Approach to Process Support in Health Information Systems.
JAMIA	Introductory Paper: Bridging the Gap in Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: An Introduction.	Betsy L. Humphreys,Kenneth D. Mandl,Marjorie A. Cahn	2002	Introductory Paper: Bridging the Gap in Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: An Introduction.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Providing Concept-oriented Views for Clinical Data Using a Knowledge-based System: An Evaluation.	Qing Zeng,James J. Cimino,Kelly H. Zou	2002	Research Paper: Providing Concept-oriented Views for Clinical Data Using a Knowledge-based System: An Evaluation.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Arden/J: An Architecture for MLM Execution on the Java Platform.	Harry C. Karadimas,Christophe Chailloleau,François Hemery,Julien Simonnet,Eric Lepage	2002	Application of Information Technology: Arden/J: An Architecture for MLM Execution on the Java Platform.
JAMIA	Presentation of Morris F. Collen Award to Professors Howard Bleich and Warner Slack.	Charles Safran	2002	Presentation of Morris F. Collen Award to Professors Howard Bleich and Warner Slack.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Information Object Definition-based Unified Modeling Language Representation of DICOM Structured Reporting: A Case Study of Transcoding DICOM to XML.	Alfredo Tirado-Ramos,Jingkun Hu,Kwok Pun Lee	2002	Model Formulation: Information Object Definition-based Unified Modeling Language Representation of DICOM Structured Reporting: A Case Study of Transcoding DICOM to XML.
JAMIA	Introductory Comment: Focus on a Medical Informatics Odyssey.	Suzanne Bakken	2002	Introductory Comment: Focus on a Medical Informatics Odyssey.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Identifying Diagnostic Studies in MEDLINE: Reducing the Number Needed to Read.	Lucas M. Bachmann,Reto Coray,Pius Estermann,Gerben ter Riet	2002	Research Paper: Identifying Diagnostic Studies in MEDLINE: Reducing the Number Needed to Read.
JAMIA	Consumer Health Information on the Internet.	Aaron E. Carroll,Sunil Saluja,Peter Tarczy-Hornoch	2002	Consumer Health Information on the Internet.
JAMIA	AMIA Recommendations for National Health Threat Surveillance and Response.	Patricia Flatley Brennan	2002	AMIA Recommendations for National Health Threat Surveillance and Response.
JAMIA	Case Report: Optimization of a Research Web Environment for Academic Internal Medicine Faculty.	Peter L. Elkin,Barb Sorensen,Diane De Palo,Greg Poland,Kent R. Bailey,Douglas L. Wood,Nicholas F. LaRusso	2002	Case Report: Optimization of a Research Web Environment for Academic Internal Medicine Faculty.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluating the Capability of Information Technology to Prevent Adverse Drug Events: A Computer Simulation Approach.	James G. Anderson,Stephen J. Jay,Marilyn M. Anderson,Thaddeus J. Hunt	2002	Research Paper: Evaluating the Capability of Information Technology to Prevent Adverse Drug Events: A Computer Simulation Approach.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Clinician Use of a Palmtop Drug Reference Guide.	Jeffrey M. Rothschild,Thomas H. Lee,Taran Bae,David W. Bates	2002	Research Paper: Clinician Use of a Palmtop Drug Reference Guide.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Investigating Users' Requirements: Computer-based Anatomy Learning Modules for Multiple User Test Beds."	Deborah S. Walker,Wen-Yu Lee,Neil M. Skov,Carl F. Berger,Brian D. Athley	2002	"Research Paper: Investigating Users' Requirements: Computer-based Anatomy Learning Modules for Multiple User Test Beds."
JAMIA	In reply.	Don Fallis,Martin Frické	2002	In reply.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Basic Microbiologic and Infection Control Information to Reduce the Potential Transmission of Pathogens to Patients via Computer Hardware.	Alice N. Neely,Dean F. Sittig	2002	Review Paper: Basic Microbiologic and Infection Control Information to Reduce the Potential Transmission of Pathogens to Patients via Computer Hardware.
JAMIA	A Focus on Simulation in Medical Informatics.	James G. Anderson	2002	A Focus on Simulation in Medical Informatics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Handheld Technology to Improve Patient Care: Evaluating a Support System for Preference-based Care Planning at the Bedside.	Cornelia M. Ruland	2002	Research Paper: Handheld Technology to Improve Patient Care: Evaluating a Support System for Preference-based Care Planning at the Bedside.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Simulated Medical Learning Environments on the Internet.	Parvati Dev,Kevin Montgomery,Steven Senger,Wm. LeRoy Heinrichs,Sakti Srivastava,Kenneth J. Waldron	2002	Application of Information Technology: Simulated Medical Learning Environments on the Internet.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Modeling and Simulation of Pathways in Menopause.	Dimitra Tsavachidou,Michael N. Liebman	2002	Model Formulation: Modeling and Simulation of Pathways in Menopause.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Three Decades of Research on Computer Applications in Health Care: Medical Informatics Support at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.	J. Michael Fitzmaurice,Karen Adams,John M. Eisenberg	2002	Review Paper: Three Decades of Research on Computer Applications in Health Care: Medical Informatics Support at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: WIRM: An Open Source Toolkit for Building Biomedical Web Applications.	Rex M. Jakobovits,Cornelius Rosse,James F. Brinkley	2002	Application of Information Technology: WIRM: An Open Source Toolkit for Building Biomedical Web Applications.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Combining Geometric and Probabilistic Reasoning for Computer-based Penetrating-Trauma Assessment.	Omolola Ogunyemi,John R. Clarke,Nachman Ash,Bonnie L. Webber	2002	Research Paper: Combining Geometric and Probabilistic Reasoning for Computer-based Penetrating-Trauma Assessment.
JAMIA	Position Paper: AMIA Advocates National Health Information System in Fight Against National Health Threats.	Paul C. Tang	2002	Position Paper: AMIA Advocates National Health Information System in Fight Against National Health Threats.
JAMIA	"Review: ""You Have To Be There"": Twenty-five Years of SCAMC/AMIA Symposia."	Donald A. B. Lindberg,Betsy L. Humphreys	2002	"Review: ""You Have To Be There"": Twenty-five Years of SCAMC/AMIA Symposia."
JAMIA	White Paper: Bridging the Gap in Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: Workshop Results and Next Steps.	Milton Corn,Karen A. Rudzinski,Marjorie A. Cahn	2002	White Paper: Bridging the Gap in Medical Informatics and Health Services Research: Workshop Results and Next Steps.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: A User-centered Model for Web Site Design: Needs Assessment, User Interface Design, and Rapid Prototyping.	Mable B. Kinzie,Wendy F. Cohn,Marti F. Julian,William A. Knaus	2002	Implementation Brief: A User-centered Model for Web Site Design: Needs Assessment, User Interface Design, and Rapid Prototyping.
JAMIA	"Application of Information Technology: Columbia University's Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) Project: Technical Implementation."	Justin Starren,George Hripcsak,Soumitra Sengupta,C. R. Abbruscato,Paul E. Knudson,Ruth S. Weinstock,Steven Shea	2002	"Application of Information Technology: Columbia University's Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) Project: Technical Implementation."
JAMIA	Research Paper: Improving Patient Safety by Identifying Side Effects from Introducing Bar Coding in Medication Administration.	Emily S. Patterson,Richard I. Cook,Marta L. Render	2002	Research Paper: Improving Patient Safety by Identifying Side Effects from Introducing Bar Coding in Medication Administration.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Key Attributes of a Successful Physician Order Entry System Implementation in a Multi-hospital Environment.	Asif Ahmad,Phyllis Teater,Thomas D. Bentley,Lynn Kuehn,Rajee R. Kumar,Andrew Thomas,Hagop S. Mekhjian	2002	Implementation Brief: Key Attributes of a Successful Physician Order Entry System Implementation in a Multi-hospital Environment.
JAMIA	Value of ICD-9-Coded Chief Complaints for Detection of Epidemics.	Fu-Chiang Tsui,Michael M. Wagner,Virginia M. Dato,Chung-Chou Ho Chang	2002	Value of ICD-9-Coded Chief Complaints for Detection of Epidemics.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Use of Wireless Technology for Reducing Medical Errors.	Elizabeth S. Chen,James J. Cimino	2002	Poster Abstract: Use of Wireless Technology for Reducing Medical Errors.
JAMIA	Editorial Introduction.	Leslie A. Lenert,Suzanne Bakken	2002	Editorial Introduction.
JAMIA	The Era of Patient Safety: Implications for Nursing Informatics Curricula.	Judith A. Effken,Barbara Carty	2002	The Era of Patient Safety: Implications for Nursing Informatics Curricula.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Electronically Screening Discharge Summaries for Adverse Medical Events.	Harvey J. Murff,Alan J. Forster,Josh F. Peterson,Julie M. Fiskio,Heather L. Heiman,David W. Bates	2002	Poster Abstract: Electronically Screening Discharge Summaries for Adverse Medical Events.
JAMIA	Continuing Medical Education and Patient Safety: An Agenda for Lifelong Learning.	Peter L. Elkin,Paul N. Gorman	2002	Continuing Medical Education and Patient Safety: An Agenda for Lifelong Learning.
JAMIA	Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and Nurses.	Lawrence K. McKnight,Peter D. Stetson,Suzanne Bakken,Christine Curran,James J. Cimino	2002	Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and Nurses.
JAMIA	Human Factors Research in Anesthesia Patient Safety: Techniques to Elucidate Factors Affecting Clinical Task Performance and Decision Making.	Matthew B. Weinger,Jason Slagle	2002	Human Factors Research in Anesthesia Patient Safety: Techniques to Elucidate Factors Affecting Clinical Task Performance and Decision Making.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: A New Metaphor to Display Critical Pulmonary Events during Anesthesia.	S. Blake Wachter,James Agutter,Noah Syroid,Frank A. Drews,Dwayne R. Westenskow	2002	Poster Abstract: A New Metaphor to Display Critical Pulmonary Events during Anesthesia.
JAMIA	A Guide for Developing Patient Safety Curricula for Undergraduate Medical Education.	John H. Holmes,E. Andrew Balas,Suzanne Austin Boren	2002	A Guide for Developing Patient Safety Curricula for Undergraduate Medical Education.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Patient Safety - Incorporating Drawing Software into Root Cause Analysis Software.	Linda Williams,Diana Grayson,John Gosbee	2002	Poster Abstract: Patient Safety - Incorporating Drawing Software into Root Cause Analysis Software.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Drug-Lab Triggers Have Potential to Prevent Adverse Drug Events in Outpatients.	Josh F. Peterson,Deborah H. Williams,Andrew C. Seger,Tejal K. Gandhi,David W. Bates	2002	Poster Abstract: Drug-Lab Triggers Have Potential to Prevent Adverse Drug Events in Outpatients.
JAMIA	An Integrated System for Significant Anaesthetic Events Monitoring.	Pierre-Yves Boëlle,F. Bonnet,Alain-Jacques Valleron	2002	An Integrated System for Significant Anaesthetic Events Monitoring.
JAMIA	Developing a Taxonomy for Research in Adverse Drug Events: Potholes and Signposts.	Jonathan R. Nebeker,John F. Hurdle,Jennifer M. Hoffman,Beverly Roth,Charlene R. Weir,Matthew H. Samore	2002	Developing a Taxonomy for Research in Adverse Drug Events: Potholes and Signposts.
JAMIA	Challenges in Using the Arden Syntax for Computer-Based Nosocomial Infection Surveillance.	Robert A. Jenders,Anuj Shah	2002	Challenges in Using the Arden Syntax for Computer-Based Nosocomial Infection Surveillance.
JAMIA	Disambiguation Data: Extracting Information from Anonymized Sources.	Stephan Dreiseitl,Staal A. Vinterbo,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2002	Disambiguation Data: Extracting Information from Anonymized Sources.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Automated Medical Algorithms: Issues for Medical Errors.	Kathy A. Johnson,John R. Svirbely,M. G. Sriram,Jack W. Smith,Gareth Kantor,Jorge R. Rodriguez	2002	Poster Abstract: Automated Medical Algorithms: Issues for Medical Errors.
JAMIA	Generation of Dynamically Configured Check Lists for Intra-Operative Problems: Using a Set Covering Algorithm.	Tomohiro Sawa,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2002	Generation of Dynamically Configured Check Lists for Intra-Operative Problems: Using a Set Covering Algorithm.
JAMIA	Panel Discussion: Federal Patient Safety Initiatives Panel Summary.	Leslie A. Lenert,Helen Burstin,L. Connell,John Gosbee,G. Phillips	2002	Panel Discussion: Federal Patient Safety Initiatives Panel Summary.
JAMIA	Development of an Ontology to Model Medical Errors, Information Needs, and the Clinical Communication Space.	Peter D. Stetson,Lawrence K. McKnight,Suzanne Bakken,Christine Curran,Tate T. Kubose,James J. Cimino	2002	Development of an Ontology to Model Medical Errors, Information Needs, and the Clinical Communication Space.
JAMIA	Effects of Data Anonymization by Cell Suppression on Descriptive Statistics and Predictive Modeling Performance.	Lucila Ohno-Machado,Staal A. Vinterbo,Stephan Dreiseitl	2002	Effects of Data Anonymization by Cell Suppression on Descriptive Statistics and Predictive Modeling Performance.
JAMIA	Clinical Informatics and Patient Safety at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.	Eduardo Ortiz,Gregg Meyer,Helen Burstin	2002	Clinical Informatics and Patient Safety at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
JAMIA	Patient Safety in Guideline-Based Decision Support for Hypertension Management: ATHENA DSS.	"Mary K. Goldstein,Brian B. Hoffman,Robert W. Coleman,Samson W. Tu,Ravi D. Shankar,Martin J. O'Connor,Susana B. Martins,Aneel A. Advani,Mark A. Musen"	2002	Patient Safety in Guideline-Based Decision Support for Hypertension Management: ATHENA DSS.
JAMIA	Modeling the Effects of Epidemics on Routinely Collected Data.	Xiaoming Zeng,Michael Wagner	2002	Modeling the Effects of Epidemics on Routinely Collected Data.
JAMIA	Using a Clinical Data Repository to Estimate the Frequency and Costs of Adverse Drug Events.	Jonathan S. Einbinder,Kenneth Scully	2002	Using a Clinical Data Repository to Estimate the Frequency and Costs of Adverse Drug Events.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Impact of Basic Computerized Prescribing on Outpatient Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events.	Tejal K. Gandhi,Saul N. Weingart,Andrew C. Seger,Diane L. Seger,Joshua Borus,Elisabeth Burdick,Lucian Leape,David W. Bates	2002	Poster Abstract: Impact of Basic Computerized Prescribing on Outpatient Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events.
JAMIA	Poster Abstract: Identification of Special Patterns of Numerical Typographic Errors Increases the Likelihood of Finding a Misplaced Patient File.	Ying-Chou Sun,Dah-Dian Tang,Qing Zeng,Robert A. Greenes	2002	Poster Abstract: Identification of Special Patterns of Numerical Typographic Errors Increases the Likelihood of Finding a Misplaced Patient File.
JAMIA	Panel Discussion: Medical Error: Is the Solution Medical or Cognitive?	Jiajie Zhang,Vimla L. Patel,Todd R. Johnson	2002	Panel Discussion: Medical Error: Is the Solution Medical or Cognitive?
JAMIA	Closing the Loop in ICU Decision Support: Physiologic Event Detection, Alerts, and Documentation.	Patrick R. Norris,Benoit M. Dawant	2002	Closing the Loop in ICU Decision Support: Physiologic Event Detection, Alerts, and Documentation.
JAMIA	The Operating Room Charge Nurse: Coordinator and Communicator.	Jacqueline A. Moss,Yan Xiao,Siti Zubaidah	2002	The Operating Room Charge Nurse: Coordinator and Communicator.
JAMIA	Medical Quality Assessment by Scoring Adherence to Guideline Intentions.	Aneel A. Advani,Yuval Shahar,Mark A. Musen	2002	Medical Quality Assessment by Scoring Adherence to Guideline Intentions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Integrating classification trees with local logistic regression in Intensive Care prognosis.	Ameen Abu-Hanna,Nicolette de Keizer	2003	Integrating classification trees with local logistic regression in Intensive Care prognosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal abstraction and inductive logic programming for arrhythmia recognition from electrocardiograms.	Guy Carrault,Marie-Odile Cordier,Rene Quiniou,Feng Wang	2003	Temporal abstraction and inductive logic programming for arrhythmia recognition from electrocardiograms.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An Epicurean learning approach to gene-expression data classification.	Andreas Alexander Albrecht,Staal A. Vinterbo,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2003	An Epicurean learning approach to gene-expression data classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automated monitoring of medical protocols: a secure and distributed architecture.	Teresa Alsinet,Carlos Ansótegui,Ramón Béjar,Cèsar Fernández,Felip Manyà	2003	Automated monitoring of medical protocols: a secure and distributed architecture.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Anthropic agency: a multiagent system for physiological processes.	Francesco Amigoni,Marco Dini,Nicola Gatti,Marco Somalvico	2003	Anthropic agency: a multiagent system for physiological processes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian applications of belief networks and multilayer perceptrons for ovarian tumor classification with rejection.	Peter Antal,Geert Fannes,Dirk Timmerman,Yves Moreau,Bart De Moor	2003	Bayesian applications of belief networks and multilayer perceptrons for ovarian tumor classification with rejection.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A model for single and multiple knowledge based networks.	Guido Bologna	2003	A model for single and multiple knowledge based networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The application of fuzzy-based methods to central nerve fiber imaging.	Hubertus Axer,Jan Jantzen,Diedrich Graf v. Keyserlingk,Georg Berks	2003	The application of fuzzy-based methods to central nerve fiber imaging.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Brain volumes characterisation using hierarchical neural networks.	Sergio Di Bona,Heinrich Niemann,Gabriele Pieri,Ovidio Salvetti	2003	Brain volumes characterisation using hierarchical neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based neurocomputing in medicine.	Ian Cloete,Karl Rohr	2003	Knowledge-based neurocomputing in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Erratum to ""Data mining a diabetic data warehouse"" [Artif. Intell. Med. 2002;26: 37-54]."	Joseph L. Breault,Colin R. Goodall,Peter J. Fos	2003	"Erratum to ""Data mining a diabetic data warehouse"" [Artif. Intell. Med. 2002;26: 37-54]."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Urinary nucleosides as potential tumor markers evaluated by learning vector quantization.	Frank Dieterle,Silvia Müller-Hagedorn,Hartmut M. Liebich,Günter Gauglitz	2003	Urinary nucleosides as potential tumor markers evaluated by learning vector quantization.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bagging tree classifiers for laser scanning images: a data- and simulation-based strategy.	Torsten Hothorn,Berthold Lausen	2003	Bagging tree classifiers for laser scanning images: a data- and simulation-based strategy.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Extracting multisource brain activity from a single electromagnetic channel.	Christopher J. James,David Lowe	2003	Extracting multisource brain activity from a single electromagnetic channel.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A combined neural network and decision trees model for prognosis of breast cancer relapse.	José M. Jerez-Aragonés,José Antonio Gómez-Ruiz,Gonzalo Ramos-Jiménez,José Muñoz-Pérez,Emilio Alba-Conejo	2003	A combined neural network and decision trees model for prognosis of breast cancer relapse.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolving connectionist systems for knowledge discovery from gene expression data of cancer tissue.	Matthias E. Futschik,Anthony Reeve,Nikola Kasabov	2003	Evolving connectionist systems for knowledge discovery from gene expression data of cancer tissue.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Active subgroup mining: a case study in coronary heart disease risk group detection.	Dragan Gamberger,Nada Lavrac	2003	Active subgroup mining: a case study in coronary heart disease risk group detection.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A fuzzy cognitive map approach to differential diagnosis of specific language impairment.	Voula C. Georgopoulos,Georgia A. Malandraki,Chrysostomos D. Stylios	2003	A fuzzy cognitive map approach to differential diagnosis of specific language impairment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Building a case-based diet recommendation system without a knowledge engineer.	Abdus Salam Khan,Achim G. Hoffmann	2003	Building a case-based diet recommendation system without a knowledge engineer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A multi-agent system approach for monitoring the prescription of restricted use antibiotics.	Lluis Godo,Josep Puyol-Gruart,Jordi Sabater,Vicenç Torra,P. Barrufet,X. Fàbregas	2003	A multi-agent system approach for monitoring the prescription of restricted use antibiotics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Transductive reliability estimation for medical diagnosis.	Matjaz Kukar	2003	Transductive reliability estimation for medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Rule-base derivation for intensive care ventilator control using ANFIS.	H.-F. Kwok,Derek A. Linkens,Mahdi Mahfouf,Gary H. Mills	2003	Rule-base derivation for intensive care ventilator control using ANFIS.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A Bayesian neural network approach for modelling censored data with an application to prognosis after surgery for breast cancer.	Paulo J. G. Lisboa,H. Wong,P. Harris,R. Swindell	2003	A Bayesian neural network approach for modelling censored data with an application to prognosis after surgery for breast cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Preoperative prediction of malignancy of ovarian tumors using least squares support vector machines.	Chuan Lu,Tony Van Gestel,Johan A. K. Suykens,Sabine Van Huffel,Ignace Vergote,Dirk Timmerman	2003	Preoperative prediction of malignancy of ovarian tumors using least squares support vector machines.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Safe and Sound: Artificial Intelligence in Hazardous Applications - John Fox, Subrata Das, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, and MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, UK, 2000, 326 pp., References, Index, Illus., ISBN 0-262-06211-9.	Mar Marcos	2003	Safe and Sound: Artificial Intelligence in Hazardous Applications - John Fox, Subrata Das, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, and MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, UK, 2000, 326 pp., References, Index, Illus., ISBN 0-262-06211-9.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Self-organizing map for cluster analysis of a breast cancer database.	Mia K. Markey,Joseph Y. Lo,Georgia D. Tourassi,Carey E. Floyd Jr.	2003	Self-organizing map for cluster analysis of a breast cancer database.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy epidemics.	Eduardo Massad,Neli Regina Siqueira Ortega,Cláudio José Struchiner,Marcelo Nascimento Burattini	2003	Fuzzy epidemics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Decision support tools for clinical trial design.	Sanjay Modgil,Peter Hammond	2003	Decision support tools for clinical trial design.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Integrating model-based decision support in a multi-modal reasoning system for managing type 1 diabetic patients.	Stefania Montani,Paolo Magni,Riccardo Bellazzi,Cristiana Larizza,Abdul V. Roudsari,Ewart R. Carson	2003	Integrating model-based decision support in a multi-modal reasoning system for managing type 1 diabetic patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Software agents in health care.	A. Moreno,Catherine Garbay	2003	Software agents in health care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Midpoints for fuzzy sets and their application in medicine.	Juan J. Nieto,Angela Torres	2003	Midpoints for fuzzy sets and their application in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Inductive bias strength in knowledge-based neural networks: application to magnetic resonance spectroscopy of breast tissues.	Christian W. Omlin,Sean Snyders	2003	Inductive bias strength in knowledge-based neural networks: application to magnetic resonance spectroscopy of breast tissues.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-based approach to septic shock patient data using a neural network with trapezoidal activation functions.	Jürgen Paetz	2003	Knowledge-based approach to septic shock patient data using a neural network with trapezoidal activation functions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Analyzing tumor gene expression profiles.	Carsten Peterson,Markus Ringnér	2003	Analyzing tumor gene expression profiles.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Workflow Management - Models, Methods and Systems: Wil van der Aalst, Kees van Hee, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, England, 2002.	Silvana Quaglini	2003	Workflow Management - Models, Methods and Systems: Wil van der Aalst, Kees van Hee, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, England, 2002.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe AIME '01."	Silvana Quaglini	2003	"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe AIME '01."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Comparison of tree-based methods for prognostic stratification of survival data.	Martin Radespiel-Tröger,Thomas Rabenstein,H. T. Schneider,Berthold Lausen	2003	Comparison of tree-based methods for prognostic stratification of survival data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Comprehensible evaluation of prognostic factors and prediction of wound healing.	Marko Robnik-Sikonja,David Cukjati,Igor Kononenko	2003	Comprehensible evaluation of prognostic factors and prediction of wound healing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using lexical disambiguation and named-entity recognition to improve spelling correction in the electronic patient record.	Patrick Ruch,Robert H. Baud,Antoine Geissbühler	2003	Using lexical disambiguation and named-entity recognition to improve spelling correction in the electronic patient record.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Characterization of medical time series using fuzzy similarity-based fractal dimensions.	Manish Sarkar,Tze-Yun Leong	2003	Characterization of medical time series using fuzzy similarity-based fractal dimensions.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A multiple classifier system for early melanoma diagnosis.	Andrea Sboner,Claudio Eccher,Enrico Blanzieri,Paolo Bauer,Mario Cristofolini,Giuseppe Zumiani,Stefano Forti	2003	A multiple classifier system for early melanoma diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Linking clinical data using XML topic maps.	Ralf Schweiger,Simon Hölzer,Dirk Rudolf,Joerg Rieger,Joachim Dudeck	2003	Linking clinical data using XML topic maps.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using OncoDoc as a computer-based eligibility screening system to improve accrual onto breast cancer clinical trials.	Brigitte Séroussi,Jacques Bouaud	2003	Using OncoDoc as a computer-based eligibility screening system to improve accrual onto breast cancer clinical trials.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of inherent performance of intelligent medical decision support systems: utilising neural networks as an example.	A. E. Smith,Chris D. Nugent,Sally I. McClean	2003	Evaluation of inherent performance of intelligent medical decision support systems: utilising neural networks as an example.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolutionary computing for knowledge discovery in medical diagnosis.	Kay Chen Tan,Q. Yu,C. M. Heng,Tong Heng Lee	2003	Evolutionary computing for knowledge discovery in medical diagnosis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Formalizing an electronic institution for the distribution of human tissues.	Javier Vázquez-Salceda,Julian A. Padget,Ulises Cortés,Antonio López-Navidad,Francisco Caballero	2003	Formalizing an electronic institution for the distribution of human tissues.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A multi-agent intelligent environment for medical knowledge.	Rosa Maria Vicari,Cecilia Dias Flores,André M. Silvestre,Louise J. Seixas,Marcelo Ladeira,Helder Coelho	2003	A multi-agent intelligent environment for medical knowledge.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Explaining the output of ensembles in medical decision support on a case by case basis.	Robert Wall,Padraig Cunningham,Paul Walsh,Stephen Byrne	2003	Explaining the output of ensembles in medical decision support on a case by case basis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Clinical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks: Richard Dybowski, Vanya Gant (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, Oakleigh, Madrid, Cape Town, 2001, 378 pp., 55 figures, 25 tables, Hardcover, ISBN 0521662710.	Wim Wiegerinck	2003	Clinical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks: Richard Dybowski, Vanya Gant (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, Oakleigh, Madrid, Cape Town, 2001, 378 pp., 55 figures, 25 tables, Hardcover, ISBN 0521662710.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Fuzzy cluster analysis of high-field functional MRI data.	Christian Windischberger,Markus Barth,Claus Lamm,Lee Schroeder,Herbert Bauer,Ruben C. Gur,Ewald Moser	2003	Fuzzy cluster analysis of high-field functional MRI data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Component-based mediation services for the integration of medical applications.	Y. Xu,D. Sauquet,Patrice Degoulet,Marie-Christine Jaulent	2003	Component-based mediation services for the integration of medical applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Reliable diagnoses of dementia by the naive credal classifier inferred from incomplete cognitive data.	Marco Zaffalon,Keith Wesnes,Orlando Petrini	2003	"Dementia is a serious personal, medical and social problem. Recent research indicates early and accurate diagnoses as the key to effectively cope with it. No definitive cure is available but in some cases when the impairment is still mild the disease can be contained. This paper describes a diagnostic tool that jointly uses the naive credal classifier and the most widely used computerized system of cognitive tests in dementia research, the Cognitive Drug Research system. The naive credal classifier extends the discrete naive Bayes classifier to imprecise probabilities. The naive credal classifier models both prior ignorance and ignorance about the likelihood by sets of probability distributions. This is a new way to deal with small or incomplete data sets that departs significantly from most established classification methods. In the empirical study presented here the naive credal classifier provides reliability and unmatched predictive performance. It delivers up to 95% correct predictions while being very robust with respect to the partial ignorance due to the largely incomplete data. The diagnostic tool also proves to be very effective in discriminating between Alzheimer''s disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	GenePath: a system for inference of genetic networks and proposal of genetic experiments.	Blaz Zupan,Ivan Bratko,Janez Demsar,Peter Juvan,Tomaz Curk,Urban Borstnik,J. Robert Beck,John A. Halter,Adam Kuspa,Gad Shaulsky	2003	GenePath: a system for inference of genetic networks and proposal of genetic experiments.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Marginalization and health geomatics.	Gregory L. Alexander,Edward L. Kinman,Louise C. Miller,Timothy B. Patrick	2003	Marginalized groups have been defined as groups that have been peripheralized from the center of society. Increasing nursing knowledge of marginalized groups and the dynamics of population diversity will enable nurses to better recognize shifting health patterns, plan for utilization of health services, and determine ethnic and cultural differences that exist in marginalized populations. The authors of this article review theoretical models responsible for defining the concept marginalization, describe geographical information systems as a recommended tool to evaluate marginalized groups, and provide a case study utilizing tools and maps as a means of assessing marginal situations.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Mining complex clinical data for patient safety research: a framework for event discovery.	George Hripcsak,Suzanne Bakken,Peter D. Stetson,Vimla L. Patel	2003	Successfully addressing patient safety requires detecting medical events effectively. Given the volume of patients seen at medical centers, detecting events automatically from data that are already available electronically would greatly facilitate patient safety work. We have created a framework for electronic detection. Key steps include: selecting target events, assessing what information is available electronically, transforming raw data such as narrative notes into a coded format, querying the transformed data, verifying the accuracy of event detection, characterizing the events using systems and cognitive approaches, and using what is learned to improve detection.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Toward national comparable nurse practitioner data: proposed data elements, rationale, and methods.	Melinda L. Jenkins	2003	Federal funds have supported Nurse Practitioner (NP) education and the establishment of nurse-managed centers. Yet, important questions are raised about the quality and appropriate scope of NP care. Few NP-patient encounters are documented in the largest national surveys of ambulatory care, sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics, due to sampling frames that are based on physician practices. In addition, these national surveys lack essential outcome indicators, therefore limiting their data to descriptions of patient demographics and practice patterns. Informatics principles are applied to a proposed expansion of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Its sample would include nurse-managed centers and its variables would include quality outcome and process indicators in standardized language that are nurse-sensitive and that reflect national priorities for action on health care quality. Variables for inclusion in a draft pilot instrument are identified.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Building nursing knowledge through informatics: from concept representation to data mining.	Suzanne Bakken,Nicholas R. Hardiker	2003	Building nursing knowledge through informatics: from concept representation to data mining.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A declarative implementation of the DICOM-3 network protocol.	Ira J. Kalet,Robert S. Giansiracusa,Jonathan Jacky,Drora Avitan	2003	We describe a new design for programs using the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) protocol, which we have implemented in a DICOM image storage server and a radiation treatment plan transfer facility for our locally developed radiation treatment planning system, Prism. This design is declarative, representing DICOM as a language for describing messages and sequencing of messages. The coding involved implementing an interpreter for this language. The DICOM protocol specifies messages, message formats, and sequencing. In our design, the specification translates almost directly into computer-readable declarative expressions that closely resemble the relevant tabulated DICOM specifications. The resulting programs are small, simple, and extensible, because most of the details of the DICOM protocol are not coded in the procedural control statements but are in the expressions and state table that the interpreter uses to perform all its functions. This approach provides a way to validate the consistency of a specification and the correctness of the implementation. The same method can be generalized to other such protocols. It may also be used to assist the design of new protocols.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Usability in the real world: assessing medical information technologies in patients' homes."	David R. Kaufman,Vimla L. Patel,Charlyn Hilliman,Philip C. Morin,Jenia Pevzner,Ruth S. Weinstock,Robin Goland,Steven Shea,Justin Starren	2003	"Usability in the real world: assessing medical information technologies in patients' homes."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Institutional decision-making to select patient care devices: identifying venues to promote patient safety.	Alla Keselman,Vimla L. Patel,Todd R. Johnson,Jiajie Zhang	2003	Many medical errors that involve drug infusion devices are related to classic interface problems. Although manufacturers are becoming increasingly aware of human factors design considerations, many devices that are currently on the market are still sub-optimal for human use. This places significant responsibility for device selection on institutional purchasing groups. Theories of naturalistic decision-making point to many potential strengths and pitfalls of group decision-making processes that may affect the final outcome. This paper describes a retrospective analysis of decision-making process for infusion pump selection in a large hospital and focuses on factors related to patient safety. Through a series of detailed interviews and a study of relevant documentation we characterized the nature of the decision-making, patterns of communication, and the roles of different participants. Findings show that although the process involves a number of different professional groups and committees, the information flow among them is restricted. This results in inadequate representation of critical device usability considerations in the decision-making process. While all participants view device safety as an important consideration in the selection process, administrators (who are the final decision-makers) tend to equate safety with technical accuracy and reliability, paying less attention to the role of human factors in safe device use. Findings suggest that collaborative communication technology and automated evidence-based guidelines could provide support to institutional decision-making, ensuring that the process is efficient, effective, and ultimately safe for the patients.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Determining sources for formal nursing terminology systems.	Nicholas R. Hardiker	2003	Objective. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative merits of aspects labels or informal definitions--of traditional nursing terminology systems as the foundational sources for target formal nursing terminology systems.Design. This study builds upon and compares the findings of two previous experiments in which formal terminology systems, one based on informal defnitions, the other based on labels, were developed under the GALEN approach and used to generate hierarchies of nursing interventions drawn from the Nursing Interventions Classification.Measurements. The two generated hierarchies were compared to see whether, and to what extent, they captured a test set of hierarchical relationships implicit within and derived from the Nursing Interventions Classification. An analysis of the relevant conceptual representations was carried out in those cases where a hierarchical relationship from the test set was absent from either of the generated hierarchies.Results. The hierarchy generated from the formal terminology system based on informal definitions contained none of the test set of hierarchical relationships. Reasons included structural differences between conceptual representations; different levels of specificity; and deficiencies within the formal terminology system itself. The hierarchy generated from the formal terminology system based on labels contained all but one of the test set. The reason for the one absence was inconsistent usage witt in source and target.Conclusions. While it may be possible to derive formal terminology systems from informal definitions for nursing interventions, the inherent complexity within those informal definitions brings into question the utility of such systems. This study demonstrates that it may be more productive to base formal nursing terminology systems on labels, simpler sources with limited discursive content and a higher degree of consistency.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Exploring semantic groups through visual approaches.	Olivier Bodenreider,Alexa T. McCray	2003	Objectives. We investigate several visual approaches for exploring semantic groups, a grouping of semantic types from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic network. We are particularly interested in the semantic coherence of the groups, and we use the semantic relationships as important indicators of that coherence.Methods. First, we create a radial representation of the number of relationships among the groups, generating a profile for each semantic group. Second, we show that, in our partition, the relationships are organized around a limited number of pivot groups and that partitions created at random do not exhibit this property. Finally, we use correspondence analysis to visualize groupings resulting from the association between semantic types and the relationships.Results. The three approaches provide different views on the semantic groups and help detect potential inconsistencies. They make outliers immediately apparent, and, thus, serve as a tool for auditing and validating both the semantic network and the semantic groups.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Towards linking patients and clinical information: detecting UMLS concepts in e-mail.	Patricia Flatley Brennan,Alan R. Aronson	2003	"The purpose of this project is to explore the feasibility of detecting terms within the electronic messages of patients that could be used to effectively search electronic knowledge resources and bring health information resources into the hands of patients. Our team is exploring the application of the natural language processing (NLP) tools built within the Lister Hill Center at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to the challenge of detecting relevant concepts from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) within the free text of lay people's electronic messages (e-mail). We obtained a sample of electronic messages sent by patients participating in a randomized field evaluation of an internet-based home care support service to the project nurse, and we subjected elements of these messages to a series of analyses using several vocabularies from the UMLS Metathesaurus and the selected NLP tools. The nursing vocabularies provide an excellent starting point for this exercise because their domain encompasses patient's responses to health challenges. In successive runs we augmented six nursing vocabularies (NANDA Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Interventions Classification, Nursing Outcomes Classification, Home Health Classification, Omaha System, and the Patient Care Data Set) with selected sets of clinical terminologies (International Classification of Primary Care; International Classification of Primary Care- American English; Micromedex DRUGDEX; National Drug Data File; Thesaurus of Psychological Terms; WHO Adverse Drug Reaction Terminology) and then additionally with either Medical Subject Heading (MESH) or SNOMED International terms. The best performance was obtained when the nursing vocabularies were complemented with selected clinical terminologies. These findings have implications not only for facilitating lay people's access to electronic knowledge resources but may also be of assistance in developing new tools to aid in linking free text (e.g., clinical notes) to lexically complex knowledge resources such as those emerging from the Human Genome Project."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A term extraction tool for expanding content in the domain of functioning, disability, and health: proof of concept.	Marcelline R. Harris,Guergana K. Savova,Thomas M. Johnson,Christopher G. Chute	2003	Among the challenges in developing terminology systems is providing complete content coverage of specialized subject fields. This paper reports on a term extraction tool designed for the development and expansion of terminology systems concerned with functioning, disability, and health. Content relevant to this domain is the emphasis of the foci and targets of many nursing terminologies. We extend previously published term extraction algorithms by applying two filters. The first filter is based on the raw frequency of the content words in the lexical string under consideration. The second filter applies the notion of a complete syntactic node to discover relevant noun or verb phrases. While we report on a limited corpus (30,607 words comprising 4103 terms from 60 dismissal note summaries), the recall, precision, and F-measures we observed are encouraging and suggest continued development and testing of the tool is merited.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Assessing explicit error reporting in the narrative electronic medical record using keyword searching.	Hui Cao,Peter D. Stetson,George Hripcsak	2003	"Background. Many types of medical errors occur in and outside of hospitals, some of which have very serious consequences and increase cost. Identifying errors is a critical step for managing and preventing them. In this study, we assessed the explicit reporting of medical errors in the electronic record.Method. We used five search terms ""mistake,"" ""error,"" ""incorrect,"" ""inadvertent,"" and ""iatrogenic"" to survey several sets of narrative reports including discharge summaries, signout notes, and outpatient notes from 1991 to 2000. We manually reviewed all the positive cases and identified them based on the reporting of physicians.Result. We identified 222 explicitly reported medical errors. The positive predictive value varied with different keywords. In general, the positive predictive value for each keyword was low, ranging from 3.4 to 24.4%. Therapeutic-related errors were the most common reported errors and these reported therapeutic-related errors were mainly medication errors.Conclusion. Keyword searches combined with manual review indicated some medical errors that were reported in medical records. It had a low sensitivity and a moderate positive predictive value, which varied by search term. Physicians were most likely to record errors in the Hospital Course and History of Present Illness sections of discharge summaries. The reported errors in medical records covered a broad range and were related to several types of care providers as well as non-health care professionals."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Grounding a new information technology implementation framework in behavioral science: a systematic analysis of the literature on IT use.	Rita Kukafka,Stephen B. Johnson,Allison Linfante,John P. Allegrante	2003	Many interventions to improve the success of information technology (IT) implementations are grounded in behavioral science, using theories, and models to identify conditions and determinants of successful use. However, each model in the IT literature has evolved to address specific theoretical problems of particular disciplinary concerns, and each model has been tested and has evolved using, in most cases, a more or less restricted set of IT implementation procedures. Functionally, this limits the perspective for taking into account the multiple factors at the individual, group, and organizational levels that influence use behavior. While a rich body of literature has emerged, employing prominent models such as the Technology Adoption Model, Social-Cognitive Theory, and Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the complexity of defining a suitable multi-level intervention has largely been overlooked. A gap exists between the implementation of IT and the integration of theories and models that can be utilized to develop multi-level approaches to identify factors that impede usage behavior. We present a novel framework that is intended to guide synthesis of more than one theoretical perspective for the purpose of planning multi-level interventions to enhance IT use. This integrative framework is adapted from PRECEDE/PROCEDE, a conceptual framework used by health planners in hundreds of published studies to direct interventions that account for the multiple determinants of behavior. Since we claim that the literature on IT use behavior does not now include a multi-level approach, we undertook a systematic literature analysis to confirm this assertion. Our framework facilitated organizing this literature synthesis and our analysis was aimed at determining if the IT implementation approaches in the published literature were characterized by an approach that considered at least two levels of IT usage determinants. We found that while 61% of studies mentioned or referred to theory, none considered two or more levels. In other words, although the researchers employ behavioral theory, they omit two fundamental propositions: (1) IT usage is influenced by multiple factors and (2) interventions must be multi-dimensional. Our literature synthesis may provide additional insight into the reason for high failure rates associated with underutilized systems, and underscores the need to move beyond the current dominant approach that employs a single model to guide IT implementation plans that aim to address factors associated with IT acceptance and subsequent positive use behavior.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Effective drug-allergy checking: methodological and operational issues.	Gilad J. Kuperman,Tejal K. Gandhi,David W. Bates	2003	Adverse drug events cause a large number of injuries, and adverse events caused by medications administered in the face of known allergies represent an important preventable cause of patient harm. Computerized systems can effectively prevent reactions due to known allergies, but building an effective allergy prevention feature is challenging and presents many interesting informatics issues that have both methodological and operational implications. In this paper, we present the experiences from one large delivery system in delivering allergy-related decision support, discuss some of the different approaches that we have used, and then propose a future approach. We also discuss the methodological, behavioral, and operational issues that have arisen which have a major impact on success. Key factors in drug-allergy checking include storing patient allergy data in a single common repository, representing allergy data using suitable terminologies and creating groups of allergies for inferencing purposes, being judicious about which allergy warnings to display, conveying the reaction that the patient has experienced when exposed to the drug to inform the provider of the importance of the warning, and perhaps most important, implementing strategies to optimize the likelihood that allergy information will be entered.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Medical errors as a result of specialization.	Ahmad Hashem,Michelene T. H. Chi,Charles P. Friedman	2003	"Errors in medicine result in over 44,000 preventable deaths annually. Some of these errors are made by specialized physicians at the time of diagnosis. Building on error frameworks proposed in the literature, we tested the experimental hypothesis that physicians within a given specialty have a bias in diagnosing cases outside their own domain as being within that domain. Thirty-two board-certified physicians from four internal medicine subspecialties worked four patient cases each. Verbal protocol analysis and general linear modeling of the numerical data seem to confirm the experimental hypothesis, indicating that specialists try to ""pull"" cases toward their specialty. Specialists generate more diagnostic hypotheses within their domain than outside, and assign higher probabilities to diagnoses within that domain."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Bayesian networks for knowledge discovery in large datasets: basics for nurse researchers.	Sun-Mi Lee,Patricia A. Abbott	2003	The growth of nursing databases necessitates new approaches to data analyses. These databases, which are known to be massive and multidimensional, easily exceed the capabilities of both human cognition and traditional analytical approaches. One innovative approach, knowledge discovery in large databases (KDD), allows investigators to analyze very large data sets more comprehensively in an automatic or a semi-automatic manner. Among KDD techniques, Bayesian networks, a state-of-the art representation of probabilistic knowledge by a graphical diagram, has emerged in recent years as essential for pattern recognition and classification in the healthcare field. Unlike some data mining techniques, Bayesian networks allow investigators to combine domain knowledge with statistical data, enabling nurse researchers to incorporate clinical and theoretical knowledge into the process of knowledge discovery in large datasets. This tailored discussion presents the basic concepts of Bayesian networks and their use as knowledge discovery tools for nurse researchers.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Development and evaluation of a terminology-based electronic nursing record system.	InSook Cho,Hyeoun-Ae Park	2003	The present study was conducted to develop and evaluate a terminology-based electronic nursing record system. The narrative nursing notes of 63 obstetric patients collected over 395 hospital days were decomposed and cross-mapped with the Korean version of the beta version of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). The terminology-based nursing record system was developed with a terminology server to manage nursing concepts and nursing phrases, and a user application system to document nursing notes. The system was evaluated in two Korean hospitals by 20 nurses documenting nursing notes of 57 patients. Patterns were found in nursing notes reflecting the nursing process. A total of 14,727 phrases were used for documenting nursing notes, with these phrases consisting of 237 unique phrases. Among the 259 unique nursing concepts extracted from the 237 unique phrases, 103 concepts (39.8%) did not map onto the ICNP. The users were able to find nursing phrases with a success rate of 89.4%. The mean time required for documentation at each input session decreased significantly from 276 to 158 s as the users became more experienced.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Consistency across the hierarchies of the UMLS Semantic Network and Metathesaurus.	James J. Cimino,Hua Min,Yehoshua Perl	2003	"Objective. To develop and test a method for automatically detecting inconsistencies between the parent-child is-a relationships in the Metathesaurus and the ancestor-descendant relationships in the Semantic Network of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).Methods. We exploited the fact that each Metathesaurus concept is assigned one or more semantic types from the UMLS Semantic Network and that the semantic types are arranged in a hierarchy. We compared the semantic types of each pair of parent and child concepts to determine if the types ""explained"" the Metathesaurus is-a relationships. We considered cases where the semantic type of the parent was neither the same as, nor an ancestor of, the semantic type of the child to be ""unexplained."" We applied this method to the January 2002 release of the UMLS and examined the unexplained cases we discovered to determine their causes.Results. We found that 17,022 (24.3%) of the parent--child is-a relationships in the UMLS Metathesaurus could not be explained based on the semantic types of the concepts. Causes for these discrepancies included cases where the parent or child was missing a semantic type, cases where the semantic type of the child was too general or the semantic type of the parent was too specific, cases where the parent-child relationship was incorrect, and cases where an ancestor-descendant relationship should be added to the UMLS Semantic network. In many cases, the specific cause of the discrepancy cannot be resolved without authoritative judgment by the UMLS developers.Conclusions. Our method successfully detects inconsistencies between the hierarchies of the UMLS Metathesaurus and Semantic Network. We believe that our method should be added to the set of tools that the UMLS developers use to maintain and audit the UMLS knowledge sources."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A shallow parser based on closed-class words to capture relations in biomedical text.	Gondy Leroy,Hsinchun Chen,Jesse D. Martinez	2003	Natural language processing for biomedical text currently focuses mostly on entity and relation extraction. These entities and relations are usually pre-specified entities, e.g., proteins, and pre-specified relations, e.g., inhibit relations. A shallow parser that captures the relations between noun phrases automatically from free text has been developed and evaluated. It uses heuristics and a noun phraser to capture entities of interest in the text. Cascaded finite state automata structure the relations between individual entities. The automata are based on closed-class English words and model generic relations not limited to specific words. The parser also recognizes coordinating conjunctions and captures negation in text, a feature usually ignored by others. Three cancer researchers evaluated 330 relations extracted from 26 abstracts of interest to them. There were 296 relations correctly extracted from the abstracts resulting in 90% precision of the relations and an average of 11 correct relations per abstract.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Modeling nursing interventions in the act class of HL7 RIM Version 3.	Amy Danko,Rosemary Kennedy,Robert Haskell,Ida M. Androwich,Patricia Button,Carol M. Correia,Susan J. Grobe,Marcelline R. Harris,Susan Matney,Daniel C. Russler	2003	The proposed Health Level 7 Reference Information Model (HL7 RIM) Version 3 is the foundation for expressing data to be communicated across health care information systems. The general objective of this analysis was to examine whether the RIM supports the expression of nursing interventions, considering both terminological and structural perspectives. The Nursing Terminology Summit Interventions Group focused on patient education about breast cancer, an intervention that differs sufficiently from other medical processes already considered by HL7 and represents issues surrounding both definition and execution of nursing process. Relevant actors, actions, and action relationships were culled from use cases and modeled into the proposed RIM structure and attributes by using modified instance diagrams. This method was effective and reproducible, and the RIM proved to be an adequate model for supporting breast cancer education. Additional interventions must be studied to fully assess the adequacy of the model to support all aspects of nursing process and terminology.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A framework for analyzing the cognitive complexity of computer-assisted clinical ordering.	Jan Horsky,David R. Kaufman,Michael I. Oppenheim,Vimla L. Patel	2003	"Computer-assisted provider order entry is a technology that is designed to expedite medical ordering and to reduce the frequency of preventable errors. This paper presents a multifaceted cognitive methodology for the characterization of cognitive demands of a medical information system. Our investigation was informed by the distributed resources (DR) model, a novel approach designed to describe the dimensions of user interfaces that introduce unnecessary cognitive complexity. This method evaluates the relative distribution of external (system) and internal (user) representations embodied in system interaction. We conducted an expert walkthrough evaluation of a commercial order entry system, followed by a simulated clinical ordering task performed by seven clinicians. The DR model was employed to explain variation in user performance and to characterize the relationship of resource distribution and ordering errors. The analysis revealed that the configuration of resources in this ordering application placed unnecessarily heavy cognitive demands on the user, especially on those who lacked a robust conceptual model of the system. The resources model also provided some insight into clinicians' interactive strategies and patterns of associated errors. Implications for user training and interface design based on the principles of human-computer interaction in the medical domain are discussed."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Adequacy of evolving national standardized terminologies for interdisciplinary coded concepts in an automated clinical pathway.	Patricia C. Dykes,Leanne M. Currie,James J. Cimino	2003	Purpose. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the adequacy of evolving national standardized terminologies with regard to coded data elements (concepts) in an automated clinical pathway designed to drive adherence with the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure.Method. Concepts were identified in a previously developed automated clinical pathway and associated tools. Once identified, concepts were categorized according to the conceptual domains identified by Campbell et al. (1997). A review of evolving national standardized terminologies and coding systems was initiated to determine if the identified concepts had corresponding representation in one of these coding systems. Available codes were then evaluated for adequacy with respect to national guideline adherence measures put forth by the Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services (CMS) and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).Results. The concept domain model put forth by Campbell et al. (1997) worked well for organizing concepts and for providing a useful framework for data analysis. Using our method, 260 unique pathway concepts were identified, of which, 91.9% (239) are represented by one or more of the standardized coding systems. Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) and SNOMED CT alone represented 86.2% of the concepts. Seventy percent (70%) of the clinical pathway concepts are represented using the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandated national terminologies alone. Less than 50% of CMS and JCAHO guideline adherence concepts were found to have representation in the HIPAA mandated terminologies. The addition of Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) and SNOMED CT improved representation up to 86.4%, but did not include representation of all concepts necessary for complete electronic monitoring of guideline adherence.Conclusions. Evolving national standardized terminologies provided matching terms for the majority of the data elements in the automated clinical pathway. Standard clinical terminologies with granular terms such as LOINC and SNOMED CT are required to represent the depth and detail of certain procedures and guideline-based care. Gaps exist in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandated terminologies for representing interdisciplinary concepts in national adherence measures.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using computational modeling to transform nursing data into actionable information.	Judith A. Effken,Barbara B. Brewer,Anita Patil,Gerri S. Lamb,Joyce A. Verran,Kathleen M. Carley	2003	Transforming organizational research data into actionable information nurses can use to improve patient outcomes remains a challenge. Available data are numerous, at multiple levels of analysis, and snapshots in time, which makes application difficult in a dynamically changing healthcare system. One potential solution is computational modeling. We describe our use of OrgAhead, a theoretically based computational modeling program developed at Carnegie Mellon University, to transform data into actionable nursing information. We calibrated the model by using data from 16 actual patient care units to adjust model parameters until performance of simulated units ordered in the same way as observed performance of the actual units 80% of the time. In future research, we will use OrgAhead to generate hypotheses about changes nurses might make to improve patient outcomes, help nurses use these hypotheses to identify and implement changes on their units, and then measure the impact of those changes on patient outcomes.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Representing nursing assessments in clinical information systems using the logical observation identifiers, names, and codes database.	Susan Matney,Suzanne Bakken,Stanley M. Huff	2003	"In recent years, the Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes (LOINC) Database has been expanded to include assessment items of relevance to nursing and in 2002 met the criteria for ""recognition"" by the American Nurses Association. Assessment measures in LOINC include those related to vital signs, obstetric measurements, clinical assessment scales, assessments from standardized nursing terminologies, and research instruments. In order for LOINC to be of greater use in implementing information systems that support nursing practice, additional content is needed. Moreover, those implementing systems for nursing practice must be aware of the manner in which LOINC codes for assessments can be appropriately linked with other aspects of the nursing process such as diagnoses and interventions. Such linkages are necessary to document nursing contributions to healthcare outcomes within the context of a multidisciplinary care environment and to facilitate building of nursing knowledge from clinical practice. The purposes of this paper are to provide an overview of the LOINC database, to describe examples of assessments of relevance to nursing contained in LOINC, and to illustrate linkages of LOINC assessments with other nursing concepts."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Role and experience determine decision support interface requirements in a neonatal intensive care environment.	Gary Ewing,Yvonne Freer,Robert Logie,Jim Hunter,Neil McIntosh,Sue Rudkin,Lindsey Ferguson	2003	"The aim of this paper is to describe a novel approach to the analysis of data obtained from card-sorting experiments. These experiments were performed as a part of the initial phase of a project, called NEONATE. One of the aims of the project is to develop decision support tools for the neonatal intensive care environment. Physical card-sorts were performed using clinical ""action"" and patient ""descriptor"" words. Thirty-two staff (eight junior nurses, eight senior nurses, eight junior doctors, and eight senior doctors) participated in the actions card-sorts and the same number of staff participated in separate descriptors card-sorting experiments. To check for consistency, the card-sorts were replicated for nurses during the action card-sorts. The card-sort data were analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis to produce tree-diagrams or dendrograms. Differences were shown in the way various classes of staff with different levels of experience mentally map clinical concepts. Clinical actions were grouped more loosely by nurses and by those with less experience, with a polarisation between senior doctors and junior nurses. Descriptors were classed more definitively and similarly by nurses and senior doctors but in a less structured way and quite differently by junior doctors. This paper presents a summary of the differences in the card-sort data for the various staff categories. It is shown that concepts are used differently by various staff groups in a neonatal unit and that this may diminish the effectiveness of computerised decision aids unless it is explored during their development."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A vocabulary development and visualization tool based on natural language processing and the mining of textual patient reports.	Carol Friedman,Hongfang Liu,Lyudmila Shagina	2003	Medical terminologies are critical for automated healthcare systems. Some terminologies, such as the UMLS and SNOMED are comprehensive, whereas others specialize in limited domains (i.e., BIRADS) or are developed for specific applications. An important feature of a terminology is comprehensive coverage of relevant clinical terms and ease of use by users, which include computerized applications. We have developed a method for facilitating vocabulary development and maintenance that is based on utilization of natural language processing to mine large collections of clinical reports in order to obtain information on terminology as expressed by physicians. Once the reports are processed and the terms structured and collected into an XML representational schema, it is possible to determine information about terms, such as frequency of occurrence, compositionality, relations to other terms (such as modifiers), and correspondence to a controlled vocabulary. This paper describes the method and discusses how it can be used as a tool to help vocabulary builders navigate through the terms physicians use, visualize their relations to other terms via a flexible viewer, and determine their correspondence to a controlled vocabulary.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A tiered approach is more cost effective than traditional pharmacist-based review for classifying computer-detected signals as adverse drug events.	Carol Hope,J. Marc Overhage,Andrew Seger,Evgenia Teal,Vera Mills,Julie Fiskio,Tejal K. Gandhi,David W. Bates,Michael D. Murray	2003	"Objective. To develop a cost-efficient method for identifying adverse drug events (ADEs) and medication errors (MEs) identified using outpatient electronic medical records within ambulatory settings.Design. Comparison of sensitivity and cost of ""traditional"" pharmacist based approach to identifying ADEs and MEs during a 4 month period with a tiered approach.Results. The proportion of computer generated signals analyzed identified as ADEs were similar using the two approaches while the number of MEs was nearly double with tiered reviews suggesting the same or better sensitivity. Traditional pharmacist review cost $68.70 to detect an ADE and tiered approach cost only $42.40.Conclusion. Tiered review of ADEs and MEs by personnel with increasing clinical capability is more cost-efficient than pharmacist review."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Data mining issues and opportunities for building nursing knowledge.	Linda Goodwin,Michele VanDyne,Simon Lin,Steven Talbert	2003	"Health care information systems tend to capture data for nursing tasks, and have little basis in nursing knowledge. Opportunity lies in an important issue where the knowledge used by expert nurses (nursing knowledge workers) in caring for patients is undervalued in the health care system. The complexity of nursing's knowledge base remains poorly articulated and inadequately represented in contemporary information systems. There is opportunity for data mining methods to assist with discovering important linkages between clinical data, nursing interventions, and patient outcomes. Following a brief overview of relevant data mining techniques, a preterm risk prediction case study illustrates the opportunities and describes typical data mining issues in the nontrivial task of building knowledge. Building knowledge in nursing, using data mining or any other method, will make progress only if important data that capture expert nurses' contributions are available in clinical information systems configurations."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Retrospective data collection and analytical techniques for patient safety studies.	Matthew B. Weinger,Jason Slagle,Sonia Jain,Nelda Ordonez	2003	To enhance patient safety, data about actual clinical events must be collected and scrutinized. This paper has two purposes. First, it provides an overview of some of the methods available to collect and analyze retrospective data about medical errors, near misses, and other relevant patient safety events. Second, it introduces a methodological approach that focuses on non-routine events (NRE), defined as all events that deviate from optimal clinical care. In intermittent in-person surveys of anesthesia providers, 75 of 277 (27%) recently completed anesthetic cases contained a non-routine event (98 total NRE). Forty-six of the cases (17%) had patient impact while only 20 (7%) led to patient injury. In contrast, in the same hospitals over a two-year period, we collected event data on 135 cases identified with traditional quality improvement processes (event incidence of 0.7-2.7%). In these quality improvement cases, 120 (89%) had patient impact and 74 (55%) led to patient injury. Preliminary analyses not only illustrate some of the analytical methods applicable to safety data but also provide insight into the potential value of the non-routine event approach for the early detection of risks to patient safety before serious patient harm occurs.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A nursing perspective to design and implementation of electronic patient record systems.	Anne Moen	2003	"Achievements in informatics and use of new technologies are important to develop knowledge from clinical nursing practice. At the same time, progress in design and implementation of clinical information systems such as comprehensive Electronic Patient Record (EPR) systems can be complemented by attention to and examination of information processes as well as the health care constituencies' characteristics. In this article, selected issues and challenges related to EPR design and implementation are reviewed with a particular emphasis on those related to nursing practice and nursing leadership."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	OQAFMA Querying Agent for the Foundational Model of Anatomy: a prototype for providing flexible and efficient access to large semantic networks.	Peter Mork,James F. Brinkley,Cornelius Rosse	2003	The development of large semantic networks, such as the UMLS, which are intended to support a variety of applications, requires a flexible and efficient query interface for the extraction of information. Using one of the source vocabularies of UMLS as a test bed, we have developed such a prototype query interface. We first identify common classes of queries needed by applications that access these semantic networks. Next, we survey STRUQL, an existing query language that we adopted, which supports all of these classes of queries. We then describe the OQAFMA Querying Agent for the Foundational Model of Anatomy (OQAFMA), which provides an efficient implementation of a subset of STRUQL by pre-computing a variety of indices. We describe how OQAFMA leverages database optimization by converting STRUQL queries to SQL. We evaluate the flexibility and efficiency of our implementation using English queries written by anatomists. This evaluation verifies that OQAFMA provides flexible, efficient access to one such large semantic network, the Foundational Model of Anatomy, and suggests that OQAFMA could be an efficient query interface to other large biomedical knowledge bases, such as the Unified Medical Language System.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Evaluation of the draft international standard for a reference terminology model for nursing actions.	Jacqueline Moss,Amy Coenen,Mary Etta Mills	2003	"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the draft ISO reference terminology model (RTM) for nursing actions. Nursing RTM models attempt to include concepts that are universally represented in nursing documentation to improve the depiction of nursing practice in computerized systems.Method: Content analysis was used to decompose interventions into words and phrases, which were then mapped to the six model categories used to represent nursing actions in the draft ISO RTM. The decomposition of interventions was applied to nurses' documentation of pain interventions entered into a clinical information system.Findings: Consistent with the ISO standard requirements, all (100.00%) of the interventions contained an 〈action〉1 word or phrase and a «target». Additional findings are discussed in relation to earlier studies of terminology models.Conclusions: It is recommended that terminology and information system developers consider this model in their ongoing system development, evaluation, maintenance, and revisions. Further evaluation of the ISO RTM for nursing will contribute to the goals of this specific model and the harmonization and integration with other health care models."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Detecting adverse events for patient safety research: a review of current methodologies.	Harvey J. Murff,Vimla L. Patel,George Hripcsak,David W. Bates	2003	"Promoting patient safety is a national priority. To evaluate interventions for reducing medical errors and adverse event, effective methods for detecting such events are required. This paper reviews the current methodologies for detection of adverse events and discusses their relative advantages and limitations. It also presents a cognitive framework for error monitoring and detection. While manual chart review has been considered the ""gold-standard"" for identifying adverse events in many patient safety studies, this methodology is expensive and imperfect. Investigators have developed or are currently evaluating, several electronic methods that can detect adverse events using coded data, free-text clinical narratives, or a combination of techniques. Advances in these systems will greatly facilitate our ability to monitor adverse events and promote patient safety research. But these systems will perform optimally only if we improve our understanding of the fundamental nature of errors and the ways in which the human mind can naturally, but erroneously, contribute to the problems that we observe."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Experimental analysis of heart rate variability of long-recording electrocardiograms in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular function.	Stavros Nikolopoulos,Anastasia Alexandridi,S. Nikolakeas,George Manis	2003	The heart rate signal contains valuable information about cardiac health, which cannot be extracted without the use of appropriate computerized methods. This paper presents an analysis of various electrocardiograms, the aim of which is to categorize them into two distinct groups. Group A represents young male subjects with no prior occurrence of coronary disease events and Group B represents middle-aged male subjects who have symptomatic coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction and whose 12-lead ECGs do not contain any abnormalities, thus wrongly indicating a normal subject. Electrocardiographic recordings are approximately 2 h in length and acquired under conditions that favor the stationarity of collected data. Linear and nonlinear characteristics are studied by applying several techniques including Fourier analysis, Correlation Dimension Estimation, Approximate Entropy, and the Discrete Wavelet Transform. The small variations of the diagnostic information given by each one of the methods as well as the slightly different conclusions among similar studies indicate the necessity of further investigation, combined use, and complementary application of different approaches.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The Nursing Terminology Summit Conferences: a case study of successful collaboration for change.	Judy Ozbolt	2003	The Nursing Terminology Summit, a series of invitational conferences and ongoing collaboration, has played both initiating and contributing roles to bring about a second-order change in the development and integration of standards for nursing terminology. What factors enabled this success? What factors made change difficult? This paper examines the structure and process of the Nursing Terminology Summit using concepts, principles, theories, and strategies identified in Lorenzi and Riley [Organizational Aspects of Health Informatics: Managing Technological Change, Springer, 1995]. As a case study, this critical analysis offers practical lessons for informaticians in managing change across disciplinary, organizational, and national boundaries.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Methods in informatics: using data derived from a systematic review of health care texts to develop a concept map for use in the neonatal intensive care setting.	Teresa L. Panniers,Renee Daiuta Feuerbach,Karen L. Soeken	2003	"A qualitative systematic review of textbooks and clinical guidelines identified assessment criteria for initiation of nipple feeds in premature infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. Using a structured method for text source selection and data extraction, 43 health care texts were systematically reviewed yielding 153 separate statements related to assessing premature infants' feeding readiness. Following this procedure, a pile sort method was conducted wherein an expert neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) grouped the statements according to similarity in meaning. Ten piles of terms emerged from this process. Each pile was ""named,"" depicting discrete components used when assessing premature infants' readiness for nipple feeding. Using these public data and the private knowledge of the NNP informant, a concept map was constructed to illustrate a framework for decision support development and to examine the map's usefulness for structuring knowledge that will provide input to an intelligent decision support system."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using usability heuristics to evaluate patient safety of medical devices.	Jiajie Zhang,Todd R. Johnson,Vimla L. Patel,Danielle L. Paige,Tate K. Kubose	2003	Objective. To modify the traditional heuristic evaluation method of assessing software usability so that it can be applied to medical devices and used to evaluate the patient safety of those devices through the identification and assessment of usability problems.Design. Heuristic evaluation, a usability inspection method commonly used for software usability evaluation, was modified and extended for medical devices. The modified method was used to evaluate and compare the patient safety of two 1-channel volumetric infusion pumps.Results. The modified heuristic evaluation method was successfully applied to medical devices. One hundred and ninety-two heuristic violations were categorized for 89 usability problems identified for Pump 1, and 121 heuristic violations were categorized for the 52 usability problems identified for Pump 2. Pump 1 had more usability problems with high severity ratings than Pump 2. In general, Pump 1 was found to have more usability issues that are likely to induce more medical errors.Conclusions. Heuristic evaluation, when modified for medical devices, is a useful, efficient, and low cost method for evaluating patient safety features of medical devices through the identification of usability problems and their severities.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cognition and measurement in patient safety research.	Vimla L. Patel,David W. Bates	2003	Cognition and measurement in patient safety research.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Designing metaschemas for the UMLS enriched semantic network.	Li Zhang,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,James Geller	2003	"The enriched semantic network (ESN) has previously been presented as an enhancement of the semantic network (SN) of the UMLS. The ESN's hierarchy is a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) structure allowing for multiple parents. The ESN is thus more complex than the SN and can be more difficult to view and comprehend. We have previously introduced the notion of a metaschema for the SN as a compact abstraction to support SN comprehension. We extend the definition of metaschema to make it applicable to a DAG classification hierarchy, such as the one exhibited by the ESN. We specify the requirements for and describe the general process of deriving such a metaschema. We derive two particular metaschemas of the ESN based on a pair of partitious. These two metaschemas and their underlying partitions are compared. Both metaschemas serve as compact representations of the ESN, allowing for convenient viewing of its hierarchy and easier comprehension."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Controlled vocabularies for consumer health.	Rita D. Zielstorff	2003	There is often a disconnect between the language that consumers use to express health concerns and the language that is used by health care professionals. At the same time, health care consumerism and the availability of vast health-related resources on the Internet have resulted in millions of persons using the Internet for health-related matters daily. The mismatch in language, however, poses a barrier to access to relevant information. It also prevents full participation in shared health records, and sometimes interferes in communication between patients and their health care providers. Nurse informaticians, with their deep expertise in vocabulary development, could play an important role in solving this dilemma. Structured vocabularies comprised of lay terms, with definitions, variant spellings, and regional dialects, along with mappings to equivalent or related professional terms, could make health literature much more accessible to consumers, and provide the basis for bi-directional translation of health terms in a shared medical record. In addition, the presence of terms for which no representation currently exists in nursing terminologies could serve as a stimulus for developing new knowledge about patient phenomena not previously recognized.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Research on structural issues of the UMLS - past, present, and future.	Yehoshua Perl,James Geller	2003	Research on structural issues of the UMLS - past, present, and future.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Design and implementation of a comprehensive outpatient Results Manager.	Eric G. Poon,Samuel J. Wang,Tejal K. Gandhi,David W. Bates,Gilad J. Kuperman	2003	Prior research has demonstrated that clinicians often fail to review and act upon outpatient test results in a timely and appropriate manner. To address this patient safety and quality of care issue, Partners Healthcare has developed a browser-based, provider-centric, comprehensive results management application to help clinic physicians review and act upon test results in a safe, reliable, and efficient manner. The application, called the Results Manager, incorporates extensive decision support features to classify the degree of abnormality for each result, presents guidelines to help clinicians manage abnormal results, allows clinicians to generate result letters to patients with predefined, context-sensitive templates and prompts physicians to set reminders for future testing. In this paper, we outline the design process and functionality of Results Manager. We also discuss its underlying architectural design, which revolves around a clinical event monitor and a rules engine, and the methodological challenges encountered in designing this application.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Using nurses' natural language entries to build a concept-oriented terminology for patients' chief complaints in the emergency department."	Debbie A. Travers,Stephanie W. Haas	2003	"Information about the chief complaint (CC), also known as the patient's reason for seeking emergency care, is critical for patient prioritization for treatment and determination of patient flow through the emergency department (ED). Triage nurses document the CC at the start of the ED visit, and the data are increasingly available in electronic form. Despite the clinical and operational significance of the CC to the ED, there is no standard CC terminology. We propose the construction of concept-oriented nursing terminologies from the actual language used by experts. We use text analysis to extract CC concepts from triage nurses' natural language entries. Our methodology for building the nursing terminology utilizes natural language processing techniques and the Unified Medical Language System."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The interaction of domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing: interpreting hypernymic propositions in biomedical text.	Thomas C. Rindflesch,Marcelo Fiszman	2003	Interpretation of semantic propositions in free-text documents such as MEDLINE citations would provide valuable support for biomedical applications, and several approaches to semantic interpretation are being pursued in the biomedical informatics community. In this paper, we describe a methodology for interpreting linguistic structures that encode hypernymic propositions, in which a more specific concept is in a taxonomic relationship with a more general concept. In order to effectively process these constructions, we exploit underspecified syntactic analysis and structured domain knowledge from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). After introducing the syntactic processing on which our system depends, we focus on the UMLS knowledge that supports interpretation of hypernymic propositions. We first use semantic groups from the Semantic Network to ensure that the two concepts involved are compatible; hierarchical information in the Metathesaurus then determines which concept is more general and which more specific. A preliminary evaluation of a sample based on the semantic group Chemicals and Drugs provides 83% precision. An error analysis was conducted and potential solutions to the problems encountered are presented. The research discussed here serves as a paradigm for investigating the interaction between domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing, and could also make a contribution to research on automatic processing of discourse structure. Additional implications of the system we present include its integration in advanced semantic interpretation processors for biomedical text and its use for information extraction in specific domains. The approach has the potential to support a range of applications, including information retrieval and ontology engineering.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A reference ontology for biomedical informatics: the Foundational Model of Anatomy.	Cornelius Rosse,José L. V. Mejino Jr.	2003	The Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), initially developed as an enhancement of the anatomical content of UMLS, is a domain ontology of the concepts and relationships that pertain to the structural organization of the human body. It encompasses the material objects from the molecular to the macroscopic levels that constitute the body and associates with them nonmaterial entities (spaces, surfaces, lines, and points) required for describing structural relationships. The disciplined modeling approach employed for the development of the FMA relies on a set of declared principles, high level schemes, Aristotelian definitions and a frame-based authoring environment. We propose the FMA as a reference ontology in biomedical informatics for correlating different views of anatomy, aligning existing and emerging ontologies in bioinformatics ontologies and providing a structure-based template for representing biological functions.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Representative threats for research in public health surveillance.	Michael M. Wagner,Virginia Dato,John N. Dowling,Michael Allswede	2003	"A large number of biological agents can cause natural or bioterroristic disease outbreaks and each can present in a bewildering number of ways (e.g., a few cases versus many cases, confined to a building versus widely disseminated). This 'problem space' is a challenge for designers of early warning systems for disease outbreaks and the sheer size of this space is a barrier to progress.This paper addresses this problem by deriving nine categories of threats that represent a parsimonious characterization of the problem space. A literature search also identified one or more example outbreaks for each of the nine categories. These outbreaks have occurred in recent times and could be used by researchers in need of actual outbreak data for investigations of the role of different types of surveillance data and algorithms in outbreak detection.The methodological contribution of this research is a Criterion Set of threats for analysis and evaluation of detection systems. This set characterizes the problem space in a tractable manner with less loss of generality than analyses based on one or two selected diseases, which is representative of current analyses."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Neural networks for computer-aided diagnosis: detection of lung nodules in chest radiograms.	Giuseppe Coppini,Stefano Diciotti,Massimo Falchini,N. Villari,Guido Valli	2003	Neural networks for computer-aided diagnosis: detection of lung nodules in chest radiograms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Fast JPEG 2000 decoder and its use in medical imaging.	A. Agarwal,Alan H. Rowberg,Yongmin Kim	2003	Fast JPEG 2000 decoder and its use in medical imaging.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	3-D snake for US in margin evaluation for malignant breast tumor excision using mammotome.	Ruey-Feng Chang,Wen-Jie Wu,Chih-Chi Tseng,Dar-Ren Chen,Woo Kyung Moon	2003	3-D snake for US in margin evaluation for malignant breast tumor excision using mammotome.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Median-based robust algorithms for tracing neurons from noisy confocal microscope images.	Khalid A. Al-Kofahi,Ali Can,Sharie Lasek,Donald H. Szarowski,N. Dowell-Mesfin,William Shain,James N. Turner,Badrinath Roysam	2003	Median-based robust algorithms for tracing neurons from noisy confocal microscope images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Interactive deformation of soft tissues with haptic feedback for medical learning.	Kup-Sze Choi,Hanqiu Sun,Pheng-Ann Heng	2003	Interactive deformation of soft tissues with haptic feedback for medical learning.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automated analysis of repetitive joint motion.	Chunmei Lu,Nicola J. Ferrier	2003	Automated analysis of repetitive joint motion.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Effects of video digitization in pubic arch interference assessment for prostate brachytherapy.	K. Haberman,Sayan D. Pathak,Yongmin Kim	2003	Effects of video digitization in pubic arch interference assessment for prostate brachytherapy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Weight-elimination neural networks applied to coronary surgery mortality prediction.	C. M. Ennett,Monique Frize	2003	Weight-elimination neural networks applied to coronary surgery mortality prediction.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automatic landmark extraction from image data using modified growing neural gas network.	Emad Fatemizadeh,Caro Lucas,Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh	2003	Automatic landmark extraction from image data using modified growing neural gas network.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Improving reliability of gene selection from microarray functional genomics data.	L. M. Fu,Eun Seog Youn	2003	Improving reliability of gene selection from microarray functional genomics data.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The virtual microscope.	Ümit V. Çatalyürek,Michael D. Beynon,Chialin Chang,Tahsin M. Kurç,Alan Sussman,Joel H. Saltz	2003	The virtual microscope.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-assisted diagnosis system in digestive endoscopy.	Jean-Michel Cauvin,Clara Le Guillou,Basel Solaiman,Michel Robaszkiewicz,P. Le Beux,Christian Roux	2003	Computer-assisted diagnosis system in digestive endoscopy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Closed-loop glucose control in critically ill patients using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in real time.	F. Chee,Y. Fernando,P. V. van Heerden	2003	Closed-loop glucose control in critically ill patients using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in real time.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A computer-aided diagnostic system to characterize CT focal liver lesions: Design and optimization of a neural network classifier.	M. Gletsos,Stavroula G. Mougiakakou,George K. Matsopoulos,Konstantina S. Nikita,A. S. Nikita,D. Kelekis	2003	A computer-aided diagnostic system to characterize CT focal liver lesions: Design and optimization of a neural network classifier.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel approach to diagnose diabetes based on the fractal characteristics of retinal images.	Shu-Chen Cheng,Yueh-Min Huang	2003	A novel approach to diagnose diabetes based on the fractal characteristics of retinal images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Remote sessions and frequency analysis for improved insight into cerebral function during pediatric and neonatal intensive care.	N. Lofgren,K. Lindecrantz,M. Thordstein,A. Hedstrom,B. G. Wallin,S. Andreasson,A. Flisberg,I. Kjellmer	2003	Remote sessions and frequency analysis for improved insight into cerebral function during pediatric and neonatal intensive care.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Database of repetitive elements in complete genomes and data mining using transcription factor binding sites.	Jorng-Tzong Horng,Feng-Mao Lin,J. H. Lin,Hsien-Da Huang,Baw-Jhiune Liu	2003	Database of repetitive elements in complete genomes and data mining using transcription factor binding sites.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Implementation of a WAP-based telemedicine system for patient monitoring.	Kevin Hung,Yuan-Ting Zhang	2003	Implementation of a WAP-based telemedicine system for patient monitoring.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Scalable medical data compression and transmission using wavelet transform for telemedicine applications.	Wen-Jyi Hwang,Ching-Fung Chine,Kuo-Jung Li	2003	Scalable medical data compression and transmission using wavelet transform for telemedicine applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Identifying multiple abdominal organs from CT image series using a multimodule contextual neural network and spatial fuzzy rules.	Chien-Cheng Lee,Pau-Choo Chung,Hong-Ming Tsai	2003	Identifying multiple abdominal organs from CT image series using a multimodule contextual neural network and spatial fuzzy rules.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Neural network-based assessment of prognostic markers and outcome prediction in bilharziasis-associated bladder cancer.	Wei Ji,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib,M. Ghoneim	2003	Neural network-based assessment of prognostic markers and outcome prediction in bilharziasis-associated bladder cancer.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A contextual role-based access control authorization model for electronic patient record.	G. H. M. B. Motta,Sérgio Shiguemi Furuie	2003	A contextual role-based access control authorization model for electronic patient record.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Computer-aided tumor detection in endoscopic video using color wavelet features.	S. A. Karkanis,Dimitrios K. Iakovidis,Dimitrios E. Maroulis,Dimitris A. Karras,M. Tzivras	2003	Computer-aided tumor detection in endoscopic video using color wavelet features.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	DICOM structured report document type definition.	R. Noumeir	2003	DICOM structured report document type definition.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Chronic whiplash associated disorders and neck movement measurements: an instantaneous helical axis approach.	F. Ohberg,H. Grip,U. Wiklund,Y. Sterner,J. S. Karlsson,B. Gerdle	2003	Chronic whiplash associated disorders and neck movement measurements: an instantaneous helical axis approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Neurointensive care unit system for continuous electrophysiological monitoring with remote web-based review.	A. J. W. van der Kouwe,Richard C. Burgess	2003	Neurointensive care unit system for continuous electrophysiological monitoring with remote web-based review.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A global energy function for the alignment of serially acquired slices.	Stelios Krinidis,Christophoros Nikou,Ioannis Pitas	2003	A global energy function for the alignment of serially acquired slices.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	String matching techniques for high-level primitive formation in 2-d vascular imaging.	Christine Toumoulin,J. Brieva,J. J. Bellanger,Huazhong Shu	2003	String matching techniques for high-level primitive formation in 2-d vascular imaging.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Nonrigid image registration in shared-memory multiprocessor environments with application to brains, breasts, and bees.	Torsten Rohlfing,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	2003	Nonrigid image registration in shared-memory multiprocessor environments with application to brains, breasts, and bees.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Workflow-enabled distributed component-based information architecture for digital medical imaging enterprises.	Stephen T. C. Wong,Donny Tjandra,Huili Wang,Weimin Shen	2003	Workflow-enabled distributed component-based information architecture for digital medical imaging enterprises.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A fuzzy logic based-method for prognostic decision making in breast and prostate cancers.	Huseyin Seker,Michael O. Odetayo,Dobrila Petrovic,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib	2003	A fuzzy logic based-method for prognostic decision making in breast and prostate cancers.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Medical diagnosis with C4.5 rule preceded by artificial neural network ensemble.	Zhi-Hua Zhou,Yuan Jiang	2003	Medical diagnosis with C4.5 rule preceded by artificial neural network ensemble.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Health care informatics.	Keng Siau	2003	Health care informatics.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A single mediaprocessor-based programmable ultrasound system.	Siddhartha Sikdar,Ravi Managuli,Lixin Gong,Vijay Shamdasani,Tsuyoshi Mitake,Tetsuya Hayashi,Yongmin Kim	2003	A single mediaprocessor-based programmable ultrasound system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Editorial - IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine (T-ITB).	Niilo Saranummi	2003	Editorial - IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine (T-ITB).
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Design and analysis of a content-based pathology image retrieval system.	Lei Zheng,A. W. Wetzel,John R. Gilbertson,Michael J. Becich	2003	Design and analysis of a content-based pathology image retrieval system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automated segmentation of acetabulum and femoral head from 3-d CT images.	Reza Aghaeizadeh Zoroofi,Yoshinobu Sato,Toshihiko Sasama,Takashi Nishii,Nobuhiko Sugano,Kazuo Yonenobu,Hideki Yoshikawa,Takahiro Ochi,Shinichi Tamura	2003	Automated segmentation of acetabulum and femoral head from 3-d CT images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Internet-based system for simulation-based medical planning for cardiovascular disease.	Brooke N. Steele,Mary T. Draney,Joy P. Ku,Charles A. Taylor	2003	Internet-based system for simulation-based medical planning for cardiovascular disease.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Histological image retrieval based on semantic content analysis.	Lilian H. Y. Tang,Rudolf Hanka,Horace Ho-Shing Ip	2003	Histological image retrieval based on semantic content analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extraction of periodic multivariate signals: mapping of voltage-dependent dye fluorescence in the mouse heart.	A. Sornborger,L. Sirovich,G. Morley	2003	Extraction of periodic multivariate signals: mapping of voltage-dependent dye fluorescence in the mouse heart.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D Guide Wire Reconstruction from Biplane Image Sequence for Integrated Display fin 3D Vasculature.	Shirley A. M. Baert,Everine B. van de Kraats,Theo van Walsum,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2003	3D Guide Wire Reconstruction from Biplane Image Sequence for Integrated Display fin 3D Vasculature.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Level-Set Based Artery-Vein Separation in Blood Pool Agent CE-MR Angiograms.	Cornelis M. van Bemmel,Luuk J. Spreeuwers,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2003	Level-Set Based Artery-Vein Separation in Blood Pool Agent CE-MR Angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Blood Pool Contrast Enhanced MRA: Improved Arterial Visualization in the Steady State.	Cornelis M. van Bemmel,Onno Wink,Bert Verdonck,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2003	Blood Pool Contrast Enhanced MRA: Improved Arterial Visualization in the Steady State.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Characterization of Pinhole SPECT Acquisition Geometry.	Dirk Beque,Johan Nuyts,Guy Bormans,Paul Suetens,Patrick Dupont	2003	Characterization of Pinhole SPECT Acquisition Geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Globally Convergent Image Reconstruction for Emission Tomography Using Relaxed Ordered Subsets Algorithms.	Sangtae Ahn,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2003	A Globally Convergent Image Reconstruction for Emission Tomography Using Relaxed Ordered Subsets Algorithms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonseparable Wavelet-based Cone-beam Reconstruction in 3-D Rotational Angiography.	Stéphane Bonnet,Françoise Peyrin,Francis Turjman,Rémy Prost	2003	Nonseparable Wavelet-based Cone-beam Reconstruction in 3-D Rotational Angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guide Wire Tracking During Endovascular Interventions.	Shirley A. M. Baert,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2003	Guide Wire Tracking During Endovascular Interventions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Normal Distribution for Tensor-valued Random Variables: Applications to Diffusion Tensor MRI.	Peter J. Basser,Sinisa Pajevic	2003	A Normal Distribution for Tensor-valued Random Variables: Applications to Diffusion Tensor MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computational Geometry for Patient-Specific Reconstruction and Meshing of Blood Vessels from Angiography.	Luca Antiga,Bogdan Ene-Iordache,Andrea Remuzzi	2003	Computational Geometry for Patient-Specific Reconstruction and Meshing of Blood Vessels from Angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Localization and Segmentation of Aortic Endografts using Marker Detection.	Marleen de Bruijne,Wiro J. Niessen,J. B. Antoine Maintz,Max A. Viergever	2003	Localization and Segmentation of Aortic Endografts using Marker Detection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Epidaure: A Research Project in Medical Image Analysis, Simulation and Robotics at INRIA.	Nicholas Ayache	2003	Epidaure: A Research Project in Medical Image Analysis, Simulation and Robotics at INRIA.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation and Analysis of the Human Airway Tree from 3D X-ray CT Images.	Deniz Aykac,Eric A. Hoffman,Geoffrey McLennan,Joseph M. Reinhardt	2003	Segmentation and Analysis of the Human Airway Tree from 3D X-ray CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Entropy-Based, Dual-Portal-to-3DCT Registration Incorporating Pixel Correlation.	Ravi Bansal,Lawrence H. Staib,Zhe Chen,Anand Rangarajan,Jonathan Knisely,Ravinder Nath,James S. Duncan	2003	Entropy-Based, Dual-Portal-to-3DCT Registration Incorporating Pixel Correlation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noise Reduction for Magnetic Resonance Images via Adaptive Multiscale Products Thresholding.	Paul Bao,Lei Zhang	2003	Noise Reduction for Magnetic Resonance Images via Adaptive Multiscale Products Thresholding.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measuring Tortuosity of the Intracerebral Vasculature.	Elizabeth Bullitt,Guido Gerig,Stephen M. Pizer,Weili Lin,Stephen R. Aylward	2003	Measuring Tortuosity of the Intracerebral Vasculature.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Primal Sketch of the Cortex Mean Curvature: a Morphogenesis Based Approach to Study the Variability of the Folding Patters.	Arnaud Cachia,Jean-Francois Mangin,Denis Rivière,Ferath Kherif,Nathalie Boddaert,Alexandre Andrade,Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos,Jean-Baptiste Poline,Isabelle Bloch,Monica Zilbovicius,P. Sonigo,Francis Brunelle,Jean Régis	2003	A Primal Sketch of the Cortex Mean Curvature: a Morphogenesis Based Approach to Study the Variability of the Folding Patters.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging of Human Tooth Enamel Using Ultrasound.	Martin O. Culjat,Rahul S. Singh,D. C. Yoon,Elliott R. Brown	2003	Imaging of Human Tooth Enamel Using Ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image processing and analysis at ipag.	James S. Duncan,Lawrence H. Staib	2003	Image processing and analysis at ipag.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Kinematic and Deformation Analysis of 4-D Coronary Arterial Trees Reconstructed fromCine Angiograms.	S.-Y. James Chen,John D. Carroll	2003	Kinematic and Deformation Analysis of 4-D Coronary Arterial Trees Reconstructed fromCine Angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mutual Information Based CT-MR Brain Image Registration Using Generalized Partial Volume Joint Histogram Estimation.	Hua-mei Chen,Pramod K. Varshney	2003	Mutual Information Based CT-MR Brain Image Registration Using Generalized Partial Volume Joint Histogram Estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Comparison of Methods for Mammogram Registration.	Saskia van Engeland,Peter R. Snoeren,Jan H. C. L. Hendriks,Nico Karssemeijer	2003	A Comparison of Methods for Mammogram Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Simple Simultaneous Geometric and Intensity Correction Method for Echo-Planar Imaging by EPI-based Phase Modulation.	Jr-yuan Chiou,Chang Beom Ahn,Lutfi Tugan Muftuler,Orhan Nalcioglu	2003	A Simple Simultaneous Geometric and Intensity Correction Method for Echo-Planar Imaging by EPI-based Phase Modulation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Comparison of Exact and Approximate Adjoint Sensitivities in Fluorescence Tomography.	Margaret J. Eppstein,F. Fedele,J. Laible,Chaoyang Zhang,Anuradha Godavarty,Eva M. Sevick-Muraca	2003	A Comparison of Exact and Approximate Adjoint Sensitivities in Fluorescence Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Hierarchical Active Shape Models, Using the Wavelet Transform.	Christos Davatzikos,Xiaodong Tao,Dinggang Shen	2003	Hierarchical Active Shape Models, Using the Wavelet Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Texture Based Classification of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques.	Christina I. Christodoulou,Constantinos S. Pattichis,Marios Pantziaris,Andrew Nicolaides	2003	Texture Based Classification of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Unsupervised robust non-parametric estimation of the hemodynamic response function for any fMRI experiment.	Philippe Ciuciu,Jean-Baptiste Poline,Guillaume Marrelec,Jérôme Idier,Christopher Pallier,Habib Benali	2003	Unsupervised robust non-parametric estimation of the hemodynamic response function for any fMRI experiment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularization of Flow Streamlines in Multislice Phase-Contrast MRI.	N. Fatouraee,Amir A. Amini	2003	Regularization of Flow Streamlines in Multislice Phase-Contrast MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Slice to Volume Registration and its Potential Application to Interventional MRI Guided Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Prostate Cancer.	Baowei Fei,Jeffrey L. Duerk,Nakiel T. Boll,Jonathan S. Lewin,David L. Wilson	2003	Slice to Volume Registration and its Potential Application to Interventional MRI Guided Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Prostate Cancer.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Clutter Rejection Algorithm for Doppler Ultrasound.	Guy Cloutier,Danmin Chen,Louis-Gilles Durand	2003	A New Clutter Rejection Algorithm for Doppler Ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Single-Shot MR Imaging Using Trapezoidal-Gradient Based Lissajous Trajectories.	Hanhua Feng,Hong Gu,David Silbersweig,Emily Stern,Yihong Yang	2003	Single-Shot MR Imaging Using Trapezoidal-Gradient Based Lissajous Trajectories.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Database of Subcortical Electrophysiology for Image-Guided Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery.	Kirk W. Finnis,Yves P. Starreveld,Andrew G. Parrent,Abbas F. Sadikot,Terry M. Peters	2003	Three-Dimensional Database of Subcortical Electrophysiology for Image-Guided Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A registration-based approach to quantify Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in ultrasound image sequences.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Martín Laclaustra,Pablo Lamata	2003	A registration-based approach to quantify Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in ultrasound image sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative Comparison of FBP, EM, and Bayesian Reconstruction Algorithms, including the Impact of Accurate System Modeling, for the IndyPET Scanner.	Thomas Frese,Ned C. Rouze,Charles A. Bouman,Ken D. Sauer,Gary D. Hutchins	2003	Quantitative Comparison of FBP, EM, and Bayesian Reconstruction Algorithms, including the Impact of Accurate System Modeling, for the IndyPET Scanner.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Cone-beam Reprojection Using Projection Matrices.	Ramesh R. Galigekere,Karl Wiesent,David W. Holdsworth	2003	Cone-beam Reprojection Using Projection Matrices.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-Element Synthetic Transmit Aperture Imaging using Temporal Encoding.	Kim Lokke Gammelmark,Jorgen Arendt Jensen	2003	Multi-Element Synthetic Transmit Aperture Imaging using Temporal Encoding.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Signal Nonlinearity in fMRI: A Comparison between BOLD and MION.	Temujin Gautama,Danilo P. Mandic,Marc M. Van Hulle	2003	Signal Nonlinearity in fMRI: A Comparison between BOLD and MION.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rapid Registration for Wide Field-of-View Freehand 3D Ultrasound.	Andrew H. Gee,Graham M. Treece,Richard W. Prager,Charlotte J. C. Cash,Laurence H. Berman	2003	Rapid Registration for Wide Field-of-View Freehand 3D Ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Elastic 3D Alignment of Rat Brain Histological Images.	Smadar Gefen,Oleh J. Tretiak,Jonathan Nissanov	2003	Elastic 3D Alignment of Rat Brain Histological Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	ROC Analysis of Ultrasound Tissue Characterization Classifiers for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.	Smadar Gefen,Oleh J. Tretiak,Catherine W. Piccoli,Kevin D. Donohue,Athina P. Petropulu,P. Mohana Shankar,Vishruta A. Dumane,Lexun Huang,M. Alper Kutay,Vladimir Genis,Flemming Forsberg,John M. Reid	2003	ROC Analysis of Ultrasound Tissue Characterization Classifiers for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Heart-Surface Reconstruction and ECG Electrodes Localization Using Fluoroscopy, Epipolar Geometry and Stereovision: Application to Noninvasive Imaging of Cardiac Electrical Activity.	Raja N. Ghanem,Ping Jia,Yoram Rudy	2003	Heart-Surface Reconstruction and ECG Electrodes Localization Using Fluoroscopy, Epipolar Geometry and Stereovision: Application to Noninvasive Imaging of Cardiac Electrical Activity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Algorithm for Border Description of Polarized Light Surface Microscopic Images of Pigmented Skin Lesions.	Costantino Grana,Giovanni Pellacani,Rita Cucchiara,Stefania Seidenari	2003	A New Algorithm for Border Description of Polarized Light Surface Microscopic Images of Pigmented Skin Lesions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measurement and Analysis of Brain Deformation During Neurosurgery.	Thomas Hartkens,Derek L. G. Hill,Andy D. Castellano-Smith,David J. Hawkes,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,Alastair J. Martin,Walter A. Hall,Haiying Liu,Charles L. Truwit	2003	Measurement and Analysis of Brain Deformation During Neurosurgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Medical Imaging at Guy's Hospital, King's College London."	David J. Hawkes,Derek L. G. Hill	2003	"Medical Imaging at Guy's Hospital, King's College London."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Integrated Wavelets for Enhancement of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammography.	Peter Heinlein,Johann Drexl,Wilfried Schneider	2003	Integrated Wavelets for Enhancement of Microcalcifications in Digital Mammography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Coupling Dense and Landmark-based Approaches for Non Rigid Registration.	Pierre Hellier,Christian Barillot	2003	Coupling Dense and Landmark-based Approaches for Non Rigid Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Retrospective Evaluation of Inter-subject Brain Registration.	Pierre Hellier,Christian Barillot,Isabelle Corouge,Bernard Gibaud,Georges Le Goualher,D. Louis Collins,Alan C. Evans,Grégoire Malandain,Nicholas Ayache,Gary E. Christensen,Hans J. Johnson	2003	Retrospective Evaluation of Inter-subject Brain Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Intensity based 2D-3D registration of cerebral angiograms.	John H. Hipwell,Graeme P. Penney,Robert A. McLaughlin,Kawal S. Rhode,Paul E. Summers,Tim C. S. Cox,James V. Byrne,J. Alison Noble,David J. Hawkes	2003	Intensity based 2D-3D registration of cerebral angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Subspace Identification Extension to the Phase Correlation Method.	William Scott Hoge	2003	A Subspace Identification Extension to the Phase Correlation Method.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Locating the Optical Nerve in a Retinal Image Using the Fuzzy Convergence of the Blood Vessels.	Adam Hoover,Michael H. Goldbaum	2003	Locating the Optical Nerve in a Retinal Image Using the Fuzzy Convergence of the Blood Vessels.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Activation Detection in fMRI using a Maximum Energy Ratio Statistic Obtained by Adaptive Spatial Filtering.	Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh,Babak A. Ardekani,Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh	2003	Activation Detection in fMRI using a Maximum Energy Ratio Statistic Obtained by Adaptive Spatial Filtering.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multi-resolution fMRI Activation Detection Using Translation Invariant Wavelet Transform and Statistical Analysis Based on Resampling.	Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh,Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh,Babak A. Ardekani	2003	Multi-resolution fMRI Activation Detection Using Translation Invariant Wavelet Transform and Statistical Analysis Based on Resampling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Convex Edge-Preserving Median Prior with Applications to Tomography.	Ing-Tsung Hsiao,Anand Rangarajan,Gene Gindi	2003	A New Convex Edge-Preserving Median Prior with Applications to Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Hot Spot Detection Based on Feature Space Representation of Visual Search.	Xiao-Peng Hu,Laura Dempere-Marco,Guang-Zhong Yang	2003	Hot Spot Detection Based on Feature Space Representation of Visual Search.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating Average Growth Trajectories in Shape-Space using Kernel Smoothing.	Tim J. Hutton,Bernard F. Buxton,Peter Hammond,Henry W. W. Potts	2003	Estimating Average Growth Trajectories in Shape-Space using Kernel Smoothing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Further Analysis of Interpolation Effects in Mutual Information-Based Image Registration.	X. Ji,Hao Pan,Zhi-Pei Liang	2003	Further Analysis of Interpolation Effects in Mutual Information-Based Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Uncertainty in the Output of Artificial Neural Networks.	Yulei Jiang	2003	Uncertainty in the Output of Artificial Neural Networks.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Convergence Studies on Iterative Algorithms for Image Reconstruction.	Ming Jiang,Ge Wang	2003	Convergence Studies on Iterative Algorithms for Image Reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Blind Deblurring of Spiral CT Images.	Ming Jiang,Ge Wang,Margaret W. Skinner,Jay T. Rubinstein,Michael W. Vannier	2003	Blind Deblurring of Spiral CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularization in Tomographic Reconstruction Using Thresholding Estimators.	Jérôme Kalifa,Andrew Laine,Peter D. Esser	2003	Regularization in Tomographic Reconstruction Using Thresholding Estimators.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Accurate and Precise 3D Segmentation Method for Skeletal Structures in Volumetric CT Data.	Yan Kang,Klaus Engelke,Willi A. Kalender	2003	A New Accurate and Precise 3D Segmentation Method for Skeletal Structures in Volumetric CT Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical Conductivity Imaging via Contactless Measurements: An Experimental Study.	Basak Ulker Karbeyaz,Nevzat G. Gencer	2003	Electrical Conductivity Imaging via Contactless Measurements: An Experimental Study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated 3D PDM Construction from Segmented Images Using Deformable Models.	Michael Kaus,Vladimir Pekar,Cristian Lorenz,Roel Truyen,Steven Lobregt,Jürgen Weese	2003	Automated 3D PDM Construction from Segmented Images Using Deformable Models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracking the optic nervehead in OCT video using dual eigenspaces and an adaptive vascular distribution model.	Dara Koozekanani,Kim L. Boyer,Cynthia Roberts	2003	Tracking the optic nervehead in OCT video using dual eigenspaces and an adaptive vascular distribution model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Segmentation and Growth Rate Estimation of Small Pulmonary Nodules in Helical CT Images.	William J. Kostis,Anthony P. Reeves,David F. Yankelevitz,Claudia I. Henschke	2003	Three-Dimensional Segmentation and Growth Rate Estimation of Small Pulmonary Nodules in Helical CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Physiologically Based Modeling for Medical Image Analysis: Application to 3D Vascular Networks and CT Scan Modality.	Marek Kretowski,Yan Rolland,Johanne Bézy-Wendling,Jean-Louis Coatrieux	2003	Physiologically Based Modeling for Medical Image Analysis: Application to 3D Vascular Networks and CT Scan Modality.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Practical Aspects of a Data-Driven Motion Correction Approach for Brain SPECT.	A. Z. Kyme,Brian F. Hutton,R. L. Hatton,D. W. Skerrett,Leighton R. Barnden	2003	Practical Aspects of a Data-Driven Motion Correction Approach for Brain SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration and Fusion of Retinal Images - An Evaluation Study.	France Laliberté,Langis Gagnon,Yulong Shen	2003	Registration and Fusion of Retinal Images - An Evaluation Study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume Registration Using Needle Paths and Point Landmarks for Evaluation of Interventional MRI Treatments.	Roee S. Lazebnik,Tanya L. Lancaster,Michael S. Breen,Jonathan S. Lewin,David L. Wilson	2003	Volume Registration Using Needle Paths and Point Landmarks for Evaluation of Interventional MRI Treatments.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ultrasonic Liver Tissues Classification by Fractal Feature Vector Based on M-band Wavelet Transform.	Wen-Li Lee,Yung-Chang Chen,Kai-Sheng Hsieh	2003	Ultrasonic Liver Tissues Classification by Fractal Feature Vector Based on M-band Wavelet Transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Unifying Framework for Partial Volume Segmentation of Brain MR Images.	Koen Van Leemput,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Paul Suetens	2003	A Unifying Framework for Partial Volume Segmentation of Brain MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Highly Regular Wavelets for the Detection of Clustered Microcalcifications in Mammograms.	G. Lemaur,K. Drouiche,J. DeConinck	2003	Highly Regular Wavelets for the Detection of Clustered Microcalcifications in Mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast Algorithms for GS Model-Based Image Reconstruction in Data-Sharing Fourier Imaging.	Zhi-Pei Liang,Bruno Madore,Gary H. Glover,Norbert J. Pelc	2003	Fast Algorithms for GS Model-Based Image Reconstruction in Data-Sharing Fourier Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Adaptive Spatial Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for 3D MR Image Segmentation.	Alan Wee-Chung Liew,Hong Yan	2003	An Adaptive Spatial Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for 3D MR Image Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Gradient-Based 2D/3D Rigid Registration of Fluoroscopic X-ray to CT.	Harel Livyatan,Ziv Yaniv,Leo Joskowicz	2003	Gradient-Based 2D/3D Rigid Registration of Fluoroscopic X-ray to CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimization of Wavelet Decomposition for Image Compression and Feature Preservation.	Shih-Chung Ben Lo,Huai Li,Matthew T. Freedman	2003	Optimization of Wavelet Decomposition for Image Compression and Feature Preservation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Temporal subtraction of thorax CR-images using a statistical deformation model.	Dirk Loeckx,Frederik Maes,Dirk Vandermeulen,Paul Suetens	2003	Temporal subtraction of thorax CR-images using a statistical deformation model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Displacement Estimation with Co-Registered Ultrasound for Image Guided Neurosrugery: A Quantitative In Vivo Porcine.	Karen E. Lunn,Keith D. Paulsen,David W. Roberts,Francis E. Kennedy,Alex Hartov,J. D. West	2003	Displacement Estimation with Co-Registered Ultrasound for Image Guided Neurosrugery: A Quantitative In Vivo Porcine.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating Coronary Artery Lumen Area with Optimization-based Contour Detection.	Zhongchi Luo,Yuanyuan Wang,Weiqi Wang	2003	Estimating Coronary Artery Lumen Area with Optimization-based Contour Detection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Combining Low, High-Level and Empirical Domain Specific Knowledge for Automated Segmentation of Ultrasonic Breast Lesions.	Anant Madabhushi,Dimitris N. Metaxas	2003	Combining Low, High-Level and Empirical Domain Specific Knowledge for Automated Segmentation of Ultrasonic Breast Lesions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A robust method for registration of three-dimensional knee implant models to two-dimensional fluoroscopy images.	Mohamed Mahfouz,William Hoff,R. D. Komistek,D. A. Dennis	2003	A robust method for registration of three-dimensional knee implant models to two-dimensional fluoroscopy images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	PET-CT Image Registration in the Chest Using Free-form Deformations.	D. Mattes,David R. Haynor,H. Vesselle,Thomas K. Lewellen,W. Eubank	2003	PET-CT Image Registration in the Chest Using Free-form Deformations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Combined MR Data Acquisition of Multi-Contrast Images Using Variable Acquisition Parameters and K-Space Data Sharing.	Ralf Mekle,Andrew Laine,Ed X. Wu	2003	Combined MR Data Acquisition of Multi-Contrast Images Using Variable Acquisition Parameters and K-Space Data Sharing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Perception of Breast Cancers: What Differentiates Missed from Reported Cancers.	Claudia Mello-Thoms,Stanley M. Dunn,Calvin F. Nodine	2003	The Perception of Breast Cancers: What Differentiates Missed from Reported Cancers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3D Encoding/2D Decoding of Medical Data.	Gloria Menegaz,Jean-Philippe Thiran	2003	3D Encoding/2D Decoding of Medical Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet Based Estimation of a Semi Parametric Generalized Linear Model of fMRI Time-Series.	François G. Meyer	2003	Wavelet Based Estimation of a Semi Parametric Generalized Linear Model of fMRI Time-Series.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of Event-Related fMRI Data using Best Clustering Bases.	François G. Meyer,Jatuporn Chinrungrueng	2003	Analysis of Event-Related fMRI Data using Best Clustering Bases.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Method for Quantifying Volumetric Lesion Change in Interval Liver CT Examinations.	Charles R. Meyer,Hyunjin Park,J. M. Balter,Peyton H. Bland	2003	Method for Quantifying Volumetric Lesion Change in Interval Liver CT Examinations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust Estimation of Ultrasound Pulses Using Outlier-Resistant De-Noising.	Oleg V. Michailovich,Dan Adam	2003	Robust Estimation of Ultrasound Pulses Using Outlier-Resistant De-Noising.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Cortical Surface Registration for Image-Guided Neurosurgery Using Laser-Range Scanning.	Michael I. Miga,Tuhin K. Sinha,David M. Cash,Robert L. Galloway,Robert J. Weil	2003	Cortical Surface Registration for Image-Guided Neurosurgery Using Laser-Range Scanning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Distributed vs. Compartment Models for PET Receptor Studies.	Raymond F. Muzic Jr.,Gerald M. Saidel	2003	Distributed vs. Compartment Models for PET Receptor Studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Intensity-based Segmentation of Microarray Images.	Radhakrishnan Nagarajan	2003	Intensity-based Segmentation of Microarray Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction Method for Emission Tomography, Compared to Post-Smoothed Maximum-Likelihood with Matched Spatial Resolution.	Johan Nuyts,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2003	A Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction Method for Emission Tomography, Compared to Post-Smoothed Maximum-Likelihood with Matched Spatial Resolution.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Incorporating a Measure of Local Scale in Voxel-Based 3D Image Registration.	László G. Nyúl,Jayaram K. Udupa,Punam K. Saha	2003	Incorporating a Measure of Local Scale in Voxel-Based 3D Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Simultaneous Registration and Activation Detection for fMRI.	Jeff Orchard,Chen Greif,Gene H. Golub,Bruce Bjornson,M. Stella Atkins	2003	Simultaneous Registration and Activation Detection for fMRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Shape-driven Knowledge-based Segmentation and Tracking in Medical Image Analysis Accept with Revisions.	Nikos Paragios	2003	Shape-driven Knowledge-based Segmentation and Tracking in Medical Image Analysis Accept with Revisions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Construction of an Abdominal Probabilistic Atlas and its Application in Segmentation.	Hyunjin Park,Peyton H. Bland,Charles R. Meyer	2003	Construction of an Abdominal Probabilistic Atlas and its Application in Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Region-Based Wavelet Coding Methods for Digital Mammography.	Monica Penedo,William A. Pearlman,Pablo G. Tahoces,Miguel Souto,Juan J. Vidal	2003	Region-Based Wavelet Coding Methods for Digital Mammography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Correction to ""Region-Based Wavelet Coding Methods for Digital Mammography""."	Monica Penedo,William A. Pearlman,Pablo G. Tahoces,Miguel Souto,Juan J. Vidal	2003	"Correction to ""Region-Based Wavelet Coding Methods for Digital Mammography""."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mixtures of General Linear Models for Functional Neuroimaging.	William D. Penny,Karl J. Friston	2003	Mixtures of General Linear Models for Functional Neuroimaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Elastic Registration in the Presence of Intensity Variations.	Senthil Periaswamy,Hany Farid	2003	Elastic Registration in the Presence of Intensity Variations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Hybrid Breast Biopsy System Combining Ultrasound and MRI.	C. A. Piron,Petrina Causer,R. Jong,R. Shumak,Donald B. Plewes	2003	A Hybrid Breast Biopsy System Combining Ultrasound and MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Medical Image Display and Analysis Group at the University of North Carolina: Reminiscences and Philosophy.	Stephen M. Pizer	2003	The Medical Image Display and Analysis Group at the University of North Carolina: Reminiscences and Philosophy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Versatile Wavelet Domain Noise Filtration Technique for Medical Imaging.	Aleksandra Pizurica,Wilfried Philips,Ignace Lemahieu,Marc Acheroy	2003	A Versatile Wavelet Domain Noise Filtration Technique for Medical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image Registration.	Josien P. W. Pluim,J. Michael Fitzpatrick	2003	Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mutual Information Based Registration of Medical Images: A Survey.	Josien P. W. Pluim,J. B. Antoine Maintz,Max A. Viergever	2003	Mutual Information Based Registration of Medical Images: A Survey.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fluroscence-enhanced, optical tomography using referenced measurements of heterogeneous media.	Ranadhir Roy,Anuradha Godavarty,Eva M. Sevick-Muraca	2003	Fluroscence-enhanced, optical tomography using referenced measurements of heterogeneous media.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume-Preserving Non-Rigid Registration of MR Breast Images Using Free-Form Deformation with an Incompressibility Constraint.	Torsten Rohlfing,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.,David A. Bluemke,Michael A. Jacobs	2003	Volume-Preserving Non-Rigid Registration of MR Breast Images Using Free-Form Deformation with an Incompressibility Constraint.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Merging Parametric Active Contours Within Homogeneous Image Regions for MRI-Based Lung Segmentation.	Nilanjan Ray,Scott T. Acton,Talissa A. Altes,Eduard E. de Lange,James R. Brookeman	2003	Merging Parametric Active Contours Within Homogeneous Image Regions for MRI-Based Lung Segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration and tracking to integrate x-ray and MR images in an XMR facility.	Kawal S. Rhode,Derek L. G. Hill,Philip J. Edwards,John H. Hipwell,Daniel Rueckert,Gerardo I. Sanchez-Ortiz,Sanjeet Hegde,Vithuran Rahunathan,Reza Razavi	2003	Registration and tracking to integrate x-ray and MR images in an XMR facility.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Monitoring of Polyethylene Wear in Non-Metal-Backed Acetubular Cups by Digitized Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiography.	Laurent Sarry,C. Tilmant,S. Boisgard,J.-Y. Levai	2003	Monitoring of Polyethylene Wear in Non-Metal-Backed Acetubular Cups by Digitized Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Design and evaluation of an automatic procedure for detection of large misregistration of medical images.	Claudia E. Rodríguez-Carranza,Murray H. Loew	2003	Design and evaluation of an automatic procedure for detection of large misregistration of medical images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Limits on the Accuracy of 3D Thickness Measurement in Magnetic Resonance Images - Effects of Voxel Anisotropy.	Yoshinobu Sato,Hisashi Tanaka,Takashi Nishii,Katsuyuki Nakanishi,Nobuhiko Sugano,Tetsuya Kubota,Hironobu Nakamura,Hideki Yoshikawa,Takahiro Ochi,Shinichi Tamura	2003	Limits on the Accuracy of 3D Thickness Measurement in Magnetic Resonance Images - Effects of Voxel Anisotropy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Adaptive Bases Algorithm for Intensity Based Nonrigid Image Registration.	Gustavo K. Rohde,Akram Aldroubi,Benoit M. Dawant	2003	The Adaptive Bases Algorithm for Intensity Based Nonrigid Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Construction of 3D Statistical Deformation Models of the Brain using Non-Rigid Registration.	Daniel Rueckert,Alejandro F. Frangi,Julia A. Schnabel	2003	Automatic Construction of 3D Statistical Deformation Models of the Brain using Non-Rigid Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Real-Time Adaptive Filtering for Projection Reconstruction MR-Fluoroscopy.	Tobias Schaeffter,Michael Grass,Roland Proksa,Volker Rasche	2003	Real-Time Adaptive Filtering for Projection Reconstruction MR-Fluoroscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatial Domain Filtering for Fast Modification of the Tradeoff between Image Sharpness and Pixel Noise in Computed Tomography.	Stefan Schaller,Joachim E. Wildberger,Rainer Raupach,Mattias U. Niethammer,Klaus Klingenbeci-Regn,Thomas Flohr	2003	Spatial Domain Filtering for Fast Modification of the Tradeoff between Image Sharpness and Pixel Noise in Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet Coding of Volumetric Medical Datasets.	Peter Schelkens,Adrian Munteanu,Joeri Barbarien,Mihnea Galca,Xavier Giro i Nieto,Jan Cornelis	2003	Wavelet Coding of Volumetric Medical Datasets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	FAME - A Flexible Appearance Modelling Environment.	Mikkel B. Stegmann,Bjarne K. Ersbøll,Rasmus Larsen	2003	FAME - A Flexible Appearance Modelling Environment.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Validation of Non-Rigid Image Registration sing Finite Element Methods: Application to Breast MR Images.	Julia A. Schnabel,Christine Tanner,Andy D. Castellano-Smith,Andreas Degenhard,Martin O. Leach,D. Rodney Hose,Derek L. G. Hill,David J. Hawkes	2003	Validation of Non-Rigid Image Registration sing Finite Element Methods: Application to Breast MR Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Dual Bootstrap Iterative Closest Point Algorithm with Application to Retinal Image Registration.	Charles V. Stewart,Chia-Ling Tsai,Badrinath Roysam	2003	The Dual Bootstrap Iterative Closest Point Algorithm with Application to Retinal Image Registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Voxel-Guided Morphometry (""VGM"") and Application to Stroke."	Thorsten Schormann,Matthias Kraemer	2003	"Voxel-Guided Morphometry (""VGM"") and Application to Stroke."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Algorithm for Fast Adaptive Image Binarization, with Applications in RadiotherapyImaging.	Torbjorn Sund,Karsten Eilertsen	2003	An Algorithm for Fast Adaptive Image Binarization, with Applications in RadiotherapyImaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Motion Tracking of Coronary Arteries in Biplane Cineangiograms.	Guy Shechter,Frederic Devernay,Ève Coste-Manière,Arshed Quyyumi,Elliot R. McVeigh	2003	Three-Dimensional Motion Tracking of Coronary Arteries in Biplane Cineangiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Growth and Motion in Three-Dimensional Images.	Jon Sporring,Wiro J. Niessen,Joachim Weickert	2003	Growth and Motion in Three-Dimensional Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Factors Affecting the Correlation Coefficient Template Matching Algorithm with Application to Real-Time 2D Coronary Artery MR Imaging.	Marshall S. Sussman,Graham A. Wright	2003	Factors Affecting the Correlation Coefficient Template Matching Algorithm with Application to Real-Time 2D Coronary Artery MR Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast, Iterative Image Reconstruction for MRI in the Presence of Field Inhomogeneities.	Bradley P. Sutton,Douglas C. Noll,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2003	Fast, Iterative Image Reconstruction for MRI in the Presence of Field Inhomogeneities.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of Prostate Boundaries from Ultrasound Images Using Statistical Shape Model.	Dinggang Shen,Yiqiang Zhan,Christos Davatzikos	2003	Segmentation of Prostate Boundaries from Ultrasound Images Using Statistical Shape Model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	3-D/2-D Registration of CT and MR to X-ray Images.	Dejan Tomazevic,Bostjan Likar,Tomaz Slivnik,Franjo Pernus	2003	3-D/2-D Registration of CT and MR to X-ray Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Shape-Based Approach to the Segmentation of Medical Imagery Using Level Sets.	Andy Tsai,Anthony J. Yezzi,William M. Wells III,Clare M. Tempany,Dewey Tucker,Ayres C. Fan,W. Eric L. Grimson,Alan S. Willsky	2003	A Shape-Based Approach to the Segmentation of Medical Imagery Using Level Sets.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interpolation Artifacts in Multimodality Image Registration Based on Maximization of Mutual Information.	Jeffrey Tsao	2003	Interpolation Artifacts in Multimodality Image Registration Based on Maximization of Mutual Information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Correction of ""Interpolation Artifacts in Multimodality Image Registration Based on Maximization of Mutual Information""."	J. Tsao	2003	"Correction of ""Interpolation Artifacts in Multimodality Image Registration Based on Maximization of Mutual Information""."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Linear Wavelet Filter for Parametric Imaging with Dynamic PET.	Federico Turkheimer,John A. D. Aston,Richard B. Banati,Cyril Riddell,Vincent J. Cunningham	2003	A Linear Wavelet Filter for Parametric Imaging with Dynamic PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelets in Medical Imaging.	Michael Unser,Akram Aldroubi,Andrew Laine	2003	Wavelets in Medical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Editorial	Max A. Viergever	2003	Editorial
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-Dimensional Edge-Preserving Image Enhancement for Computed Tomography.	Nicolas Villain,Yves Goussard,Jérôme Idier,Marc Allain	2003	Three-Dimensional Edge-Preserving Image Enhancement for Computed Tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of Spectral Signatures in Multispectral MR Images for Classification.	Chuin-Mu Wang,Clayton Chi-Chan Chen,Yi-Nung Chung,Sheng-Chih Yang,Pau-Choo Chung,Ching-Wen Yang,Chein-I Chang	2003	Detection of Spectral Signatures in Multispectral MR Images for Classification.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Chromosome Image Enhancement Using Multiscale Differential Operators.	Yu-Ping Wang,Qiang Wu,Kenneth R. Castleman,Zixiang Xiong	2003	Chromosome Image Enhancement Using Multiscale Differential Operators.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volumetric Motion Estimation in Human Thorax for Radiotherapy Planning.	Luis Weruaga,Juan Morales-Sánchez,L. Nunez,Rafael Verdú	2003	Volumetric Motion Estimation in Human Thorax for Radiotherapy Planning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Platelets: A Multiscale Approach for Recovering Edges and Surfaces in Photon LimitedMedical Imaging.	Rebecca Willett,Robert Nowak	2003	Platelets: A Multiscale Approach for Recovering Edges and Surfaces in Photon LimitedMedical Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Non-linear Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Lumbar Spine.	C. Wong,P. M. Gehrchen,T. Darvann,T. Kiaet	2003	Non-linear Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Lumbar Spine.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Lossy-to-Lossless Compression of Medical Volumetric Data Using Three-dimensional Integer Wavelet Transforms.	Zixiang Xiong,Xiaolin Wu,Samuel Cheng,Jianping Hua	2003	Lossy-to-Lossless Compression of Medical Volumetric Data Using Three-dimensional Integer Wavelet Transforms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Eulerian PDE Approach for Computing Tissue Thickness.	Anthony J. Yezzi,Jerry L. Prince	2003	An Eulerian PDE Approach for Computing Tissue Thickness.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Isosurfaces as Deformable Models for Magnetic Resonance Angiography.	Peter J. Yim,G. Boudewijn,C. Vasbiner,Vincent B. Ho,Peter L. Choyke	2003	Isosurfaces as Deformable Models for Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic Particle Detection through Efficient Hough Transforms.	Yuanxin Zhu,Bridget Carragher,Fabrice Mouche,Clinton S. Potter	2003	Automatic Particle Detection through Efficient Hough Transforms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"A Finite Element Approach for Young's Modulus Reconstruction."	Yanning Zhu,Timothy J. Hall,Jingfeng Jiang	2003	"A Finite Element Approach for Young's Modulus Reconstruction."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Induced-current electrical impedance tomography: a 2-D theoretical Simulation.	S. Zlochiver,M. Rosenfeld,S. Abboud	2003	Induced-current electrical impedance tomography: a 2-D theoretical Simulation.
JAMIA	Case Report: The Use of Computers for Clinical Care: A Case Series of Advanced U.S. Sites.	David Doolan,David W. Bates,Brent C. James	2003	Case Report: The Use of Computers for Clinical Care: A Case Series of Advanced U.S. Sites.
JAMIA	Special Feature: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2002.	Robert A. Greenes,Elizabeth Madsen,Randolph A. Miller	2003	Special Feature: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2002.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Integrating Query of Relational and Textual Data in Clinical Databases: A Case Study.	John M. Fisk,Pradeep Mutalik,Forrest W. Levin,Joseph Erdos,Caroline Taylor,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2003	Model Formulation: Integrating Query of Relational and Textual Data in Clinical Databases: A Case Study.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Is There a Digital Divide among Physicians? A Geographic Analysis of Information Technology in Southern California Physician Offices.	Douglas S. Bell,Dianna M. Daly,Paul Robinson	2003	Research Paper: Is There a Digital Divide among Physicians? A Geographic Analysis of Information Technology in Southern California Physician Offices.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Understanding the Normalization of Telemedicine Services through Qualitative Evaluation.	Carl May,Robert Harrison,Tracy Finch,Anne MacFarlane,Frances Mair,Paul Wallace	2003	Model Formulation: Understanding the Normalization of Telemedicine Services through Qualitative Evaluation.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Employment of an Iterative Design Process to Develop a Pulmonary Graphical Display.	S. Blake Wachter,James Agutter,Noah Syroid,Frank Drews,Matthew B. Weinger,Dwayne R. Westenskow	2003	Research Paper: The Employment of an Iterative Design Process to Develop a Pulmonary Graphical Display.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Detection of Pediatric Respiratory and Diarrheal Outbreaks from Sales of Over-the-counter Electrolyte Products.	William R. Hogan,Fu-Chiang Tsui,Oleg Ivanov,Per H. Gesteland,Shaun J. Grannis,J. Marc Overhage,J. Michael Robinson,Michael M. Wagner	2003	Research Paper: Detection of Pediatric Respiratory and Diarrheal Outbreaks from Sales of Over-the-counter Electrolyte Products.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Physician PDA Use and the HIPAA Privacy Rule.	Paul E. Pancoast,Timothy B. Patrick,Joyce A. Mitchell	2003	Editorial Comments: Physician PDA Use and the HIPAA Privacy Rule.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Speech Recognition as a Transcription Aid: A Randomized Comparison With Standard Transcription.	David N. Mohr,David W. Turner,Gregory R. Pond,Joseph S. Kamath,Cathy B. De Vos,Paul C. Carpenter	2003	Research Paper: Speech Recognition as a Transcription Aid: A Randomized Comparison With Standard Transcription.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Automating Complex Guidelines for Chronic Disease: Lessons Learned.	Saverio M. Maviglia,Rita D. Zielstorff,Marilyn D. Paterno,Jonathan M. Teich,David W. Bates,Gilad J. Kuperman	2003	Application of Information Technology: Automating Complex Guidelines for Chronic Disease: Lessons Learned.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Multimedia Software to Help Caregivers Cope.	Mary G. Chambers,Samantha L. Connor,Mary McGonigle,Mike G. Diver	2003	Research Paper: Multimedia Software to Help Caregivers Cope.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Clinical Team Functioning and IT Innovation: A Study of the Diffusion of a Point-of-care Online Evidence System.	A. Sophie Gosling,Johanna I. Westbrook,Jeffrey Braithwaite	2003	Research Paper: Clinical Team Functioning and IT Innovation: A Study of the Diffusion of a Point-of-care Online Evidence System.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: The Syntax and Semantics of the PRO Guideline Modeling Language.	David R. Sutton,John Fox	2003	Application of Information Technology: The Syntax and Semantics of the PRO Guideline Modeling Language.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: HIPAA Possumus.	Elizabeth Madsen,Daniel R. Masys,Randolph A. Miller	2003	Editorial Comments: HIPAA Possumus.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Preparation and Use of Preconstructed Orders, Order Sets, and Order Menus in a Computerized Provider Order Entry System.	Thomas H. Payne,Patricia J. Hoey,W. Paul Nichol,Christian Lovis	2003	Research Paper: Preparation and Use of Preconstructed Orders, Order Sets, and Order Menus in a Computerized Provider Order Entry System.
JAMIA	Case Report: Developing and Evaluating Criteria to Help Reviewers of Biomedical Informatics Manuscripts.	Elske Ammenwerth,Astrid C. Wolff,Petra Knaup,Hanno Ulmer,Stefan Skonetzki,Jan H. van Bemmel,Alexa T. McCray,Reinhold Haux,Casimir A. Kulikowski	2003	Case Report: Developing and Evaluating Criteria to Help Reviewers of Biomedical Informatics Manuscripts.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Automated Syndromic Surveillance for the 2002 Winter Olympics.	Per H. Gesteland,Reed M. Gardner,Fu-Chiang Tsui,Jeremy U. Espino,Robert T. Rolfs,Brent C. James,Wendy Webber Chapman,Andrew W. Moore,Michael M. Wagner	2003	Application of Information Technology: Automated Syndromic Surveillance for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
JAMIA	"Special Feature: AMIA President's Awards, 2002."	W. Ed Hammond	2003	"Special Feature: AMIA President's Awards, 2002."
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Integrating Nursing Diagnostic Concepts into the Medical Entities Dictionary Using the ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Diagnosis.	Jee-In Hwang,James J. Cimino,Suzanne Bakken	2003	Model Formulation: Integrating Nursing Diagnostic Concepts into the Medical Entities Dictionary Using the ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Diagnosis.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Falls Prevention within the Australian General Practice Data Model: Methodology, Information Model, and Terminology Issues.	Siaw-Teng Liaw,Nabil Sulaiman,Christopher Pearce,Jane Sims,Keith Hill,Heather Grain,Justin Tse,Choon-Kiat Ng	2003	Application of Information Technology: Falls Prevention within the Australian General Practice Data Model: Methodology, Information Model, and Terminology Issues.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Kantor et al.	David W. Bates,H. C. Mullins,John A. Zapp	2003	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Kantor et al.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: ""Understanding"" Medical School Curriculum Content Using KnowledgeMap."	Joshua C. Denny,Jeffrey D. Smithers,Randolph A. Miller,Anderson Spickard III	2003	"Research Paper: ""Understanding"" Medical School Curriculum Content Using KnowledgeMap."
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research Paper: Ten Commandments for Effective Clinical Decision Support: Making the Practice of Evidence-based Medicine a Reality.	David W. Bates,Gilad J. Kuperman,Samuel J. Wang,Tejal K. Gandhi,Anne F. Kittler,Lynn A. Volk,Cynthia Spurr,Ramin Khorasani,Milenko Tanasijevic,Blackford Middleton	2003	Synthesis of Research Paper: Ten Commandments for Effective Clinical Decision Support: Making the Practice of Evidence-based Medicine a Reality.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Detecting Adverse Events Using Information Technology.	David W. Bates,R. Scott Evans,Harvey J. Murff,Peter D. Stetson,Lisa Pizziferri,George Hripcsak	2003	Review Paper: Detecting Adverse Events Using Information Technology.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Creating a Text Classifier to Detect Radiology Reports Describing Mediastinal Findings Associated with Inhalational Anthrax and Other Disorders.	Wendy Webber Chapman,Gregory F. Cooper,Paul Hanbury,Brian E. Chapman,Lee H. Harrison,Michael M. Wagner	2003	Research Paper: Creating a Text Classifier to Detect Radiology Reports Describing Mediastinal Findings Associated with Inhalational Anthrax and Other Disorders.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Kudos to Dr. Stead.	Patricia Flatley Brennan,Betsy L. Humphreys,Daniel R. Masys,Randolph A. Miller	2003	Editorial Comments: Kudos to Dr. Stead.
JAMIA	Case Report: Generating Hypotheses by Discovering Implicit Associations in the Literature: A Case Report of a Search for New Potential Therapeutic Uses for Thalidomide.	Marc Weeber,Rein Vos,Henny Klein,Lolkje T. W. de Jong-van den Berg,Alan R. Aronson,Grietje Molema	2003	Case Report: Generating Hypotheses by Discovering Implicit Associations in the Literature: A Case Report of a Search for New Potential Therapeutic Uses for Thalidomide.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Achieving Evolvable Web-Database Bioscience Applications Using the EAV/CR Framework: Recent Advances.	Luis N. Marenco,Nicholas P. Tosches,Chiquito J. Crasto,Gordon M. Shepherd,Perry L. Miller,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2003	Application of Information Technology: Achieving Evolvable Web-Database Bioscience Applications Using the EAV/CR Framework: Recent Advances.
JAMIA	Review Paper: The Effects of Promoting Patient Access to Medical Records: A Review.	Stephen E. Ross,Chen-Tan Lin	2003	Review Paper: The Effects of Promoting Patient Access to Medical Records: A Review.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Web Messaging: A New Tool for Patient-Physician Communication.	Eric M. Liederman,Catrina S. Morefield	2003	Research Paper: Web Messaging: A New Tool for Patient-Physician Communication.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Factors Affecting and Affected by User Acceptance of Computer-based Nursing Documentation: Results of a Two-year Study.	Elske Ammenwerth,Ulrich Mansmann,Carola Iller,Ronald Eichstädter	2003	Research Paper: Factors Affecting and Affected by User Acceptance of Computer-based Nursing Documentation: Results of a Two-year Study.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Comparing Computer-interpretable Guideline Models: A Case-study Approach.	Mor Peleg,Samson W. Tu,Jonathan Bury,Paolo Ciccarese,John Fox,Robert A. Greenes,Richard Hall,Peter D. Johnson,Neill Jones,Anand Kumar,Silvia Miksch,Silvana Quaglini,Andreas Seyfang,Edward H. Shortliffe,Mario Stefanelli	2003	Research Paper: Comparing Computer-interpretable Guideline Models: A Case-study Approach.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Incentives and Barriers That Influence Clinical Computerization in Hong Kong: A Population-based Physician Survey.	Gabriel M. Leung,Philip L. H. Yu,Irene O. L. Wong,Janice M. Johnston,Keith Y. K. Tin	2003	Research Paper: Incentives and Barriers That Influence Clinical Computerization in Hong Kong: A Population-based Physician Survey.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Electronically Screening Discharge Summaries for Adverse Medical Events.	Harvey J. Murff,Alan J. Forster,Josh F. Peterson,Julie M. Fiskio,Heather L. Heiman,David W. Bates	2003	Research Paper: Electronically Screening Discharge Summaries for Adverse Medical Events.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Transparent ICD and DRG Coding Using Information Technology: Linking and Associating Information Sources with the eXtensible Markup Language.	Simon Hölzer,Ralf Schweiger,Joachim Dudeck	2003	Application of Information Technology: Transparent ICD and DRG Coding Using Information Technology: Linking and Associating Information Sources with the eXtensible Markup Language.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Database Design to Ensure Anonymous Study of Medical Errors: A Report from the ASIPS collaborative.	Wilson D. Pace,Elizabeth W. Staton,Gregory S. Higgins,Deborah S. Main,David R. West,Daniel M. Harris	2003	Application of Information Technology: Database Design to Ensure Anonymous Study of Medical Errors: A Report from the ASIPS collaborative.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: To Morris F. Collen: Happy Ninetieth!	Jochen R. Moehr	2003	Editorial Comments: To Morris F. Collen: Happy Ninetieth!
JAMIA	Research Paper: Development of Visual Diagnostic Expertise in Pathology - An Information-processing Study.	Rebecca S. Crowley,Gregory J. Naus,Jimmie Stewart III,Charles P. Friedman	2003	Research Paper: Development of Visual Diagnostic Expertise in Pathology - An Information-processing Study.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Development of a Clinical Data Warehouse for Hospital Infection Control.	Mary F. Wisniewski,Piotr Kieszkowski,Brandon M. Zagorski,William E. Trick,Michael Sommers,Robert A. Weinstein	2003	Application of Information Technology: Development of a Clinical Data Warehouse for Hospital Infection Control.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: What Is Primary Care Informatics?	Simon de Lusignan	2003	Viewpoint Paper: What Is Primary Care Informatics?
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Installing and Implementing a Computer-based Patient Record System in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mosoriot Medical Record System.	Joseph K. Rotich,Terry J. Hannan,Faye E. Smith,John Bii,Wilson W. Odero,Nguyen Vu,Burke W. Mamlin,Joseph J. Mamlin,Robert M. Einterz,William M. Tierney	2003	Application of Information Technology: Installing and Implementing a Computer-based Patient Record System in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mosoriot Medical Record System.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: A Two-way Messaging System to Enhance Antiretroviral Adherence.	Peter J. Dunbar,David Madigan,Lisa A. Grohskopf,Debra Revere,Jane Woodward,James Minstrell,Pamela A. Frick,Jane M. Simoni,Thomas M. Hooton	2003	Implementation Brief: A Two-way Messaging System to Enhance Antiretroviral Adherence.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Cross-site Qualitative Study of Physician Order Entry.	Joan S. Ash,Paul N. Gorman,Mary Lavelle,Thomas H. Payne,Thomas A. Massaro,Gerri L. Frantz,Jason A. Lyman	2003	Research Paper: A Cross-site Qualitative Study of Physician Order Entry.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Design and Pilot Evaluation of an Internet Smoking Cessation Program.	Leslie Lenert,Ricardo F. Muñoz,Jackie Stoddard,Kevin Delucchi,Aditya Bansod,Steven Skoczen,Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable	2003	Implementation Brief: Design and Pilot Evaluation of an Internet Smoking Cessation Program.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research Paper: A Consensus Statement on Considerations for a Successful CPOE Implementation.	Joan S. Ash,P. Zoë Stavri,Gilad J. Kuperman	2003	Synthesis of Research Paper: A Consensus Statement on Considerations for a Successful CPOE Implementation.
JAMIA	Implementation Brief: Involving Users in the Implementation of an Imaging Order Entry System.	David M. Schuster,Suzanne E. Hall,Carole B. Couse,Debra S. Swayngim,Keith Y. Kohatsu	2003	Implementation Brief: Involving Users in the Implementation of an Imaging Order Entry System.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Effects of a Computerized System to Support Shared Decision Making in Symptom Management of Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results.	Cornelia M. Ruland,Thomas White,Marguerite Stevens,Gilbert Fanciullo,Samir M. Khilani	2003	Research Paper: Effects of a Computerized System to Support Shared Decision Making in Symptom Management of Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results.
JAMIA	Model Formation: Building and Evaluation of a Structured Representation of Pharmacokinetics Information Presented in SPCs: From Existing Conceptual Views of Pharmacokinetics Associated with Natural Language Processing to Object-oriented Design.	Catherine Duclos-Cartolano,Alain Venot	2003	Model Formation: Building and Evaluation of a Structured Representation of Pharmacokinetics Information Presented in SPCs: From Existing Conceptual Views of Pharmacokinetics Associated with Natural Language Processing to Object-oriented Design.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Inflated Impacts of Medication Use Technology Assumed in Simulating Reduced Adverse Drug Events.	Kaveh G. Shojania	2003	Letter to the Editor: Inflated Impacts of Medication Use Technology Assumed in Simulating Reduced Adverse Drug Events.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Effect of Computer-generated Reminders on Charting Deficiencies in the ICU.	Thomas A. Oniki,Terry P. Clemmer,T. Allan Pryor	2003	Research Paper: The Effect of Computer-generated Reminders on Charting Deficiencies in the ICU.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Integration of Telemedicine in Graduate Medical Informatics Education.	George Demiris	2003	Viewpoint Paper: Integration of Telemedicine in Graduate Medical Informatics Education.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Open-source Software and the Primary Care EMR.	Gareth S. Kantor,Wayne D. Wilson,Adrian Midgley	2003	Letter to the Editor: Open-source Software and the Primary Care EMR.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Policy and the Future of Adverse Event Detection Using Information Technology.	David W. Bates,R. Scott Evans,Harvey J. Murff,Peter D. Stetson,Lisa Pizziferri,George Hripcsak	2003	Editorial Comments: Policy and the Future of Adverse Event Detection Using Information Technology.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Countrywide Computer Alerts to Community Physicians Improve Potassium Testing in Patients Receiving Diuretics.	Isaac Hoch,Anthony D. Heymann,Irena Kurman,Liora J. Valinsky,Gabriel Chodick,Varda Shalev	2003	Application of Information Technology: Countrywide Computer Alerts to Community Physicians Improve Potassium Testing in Patients Receiving Diuretics.
JAMIA	Technical Brief: Webcasting Videoconferences Over IP: A Synchronous Communication Experiment.	Craig Locatis,Paul A. Fontelo,Charles Sneiderman,Michael J. Ackerman,Sebastian Uijtdehaage,Chris Candler,Suzanne Stensaas,Sharon E. Dennis	2003	Technical Brief: Webcasting Videoconferences Over IP: A Synchronous Communication Experiment.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Handheld Computing in Medicine.	Sandra Fischer,Thomas E. Stewart,Sangeeta Mehta,Randy Wax,Stephen E. Lapinsky	2003	Review Paper: Handheld Computing in Medicine.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Pilot Study of Contextual UMLS Indexing to Improve the Precision of Concept-based Representation in XML-structured Clinical Radiology Reports.	Yang Huang,Henry J. Lowe,William R. Hersh	2003	Research Paper: A Pilot Study of Contextual UMLS Indexing to Improve the Precision of Concept-based Representation in XML-structured Clinical Radiology Reports.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Measuring the Impact of Diagnostic Decision Support on the Quality of Clinical Decision Making: Development of a Reliable and Valid Composite Score.	Padmanabhan Ramnarayan,Ritika R. Kapoor,Michael Coren,Vasantha Nanduri,Amanda L. Tomlinson,Paul M. Taylor,Jeremy C. Wyatt,Joseph F. Britto	2003	Research Paper: Measuring the Impact of Diagnostic Decision Support on the Quality of Clinical Decision Making: Development of a Reliable and Valid Composite Score.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: AsthmaCritic: Issues in Designing a Noninquisitive Critiquing System for Daily Practice.	Manon M. Kuilboer,Mark A. van Wijk,Mees Mosseveld,Johan van der Lei	2003	Application of Information Technology: AsthmaCritic: Issues in Designing a Noninquisitive Critiquing System for Daily Practice.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Technical Description of RODS: A Real-time Public Health Surveillance System.	Fu-Chiang Tsui,Jeremy U. Espino,Virginia M. Dato,Per H. Gesteland,Judith Hutman,Michael M. Wagner	2003	Application of Information Technology: Technical Description of RODS: A Real-time Public Health Surveillance System.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Design of a National Retail Data Monitor for Public Health Surveillance.	Michael M. Wagner,J. Michael Robinson,Fu-Chiang Tsui,Jeremy U. Espino,William R. Hogan	2003	Application of Information Technology: Design of a National Retail Data Monitor for Public Health Surveillance.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Evaluation of a Cardiac Diagnostic Program in a Typical Clinical Setting.	Hamish S. F. Fraser,William J. Long,Shapur Naimi	2003	Research Paper: Evaluation of a Cardiac Diagnostic Program in a Typical Clinical Setting.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Effects of Scanning and Eliminating Paper-based Medical Records on Hospital Physicians' Clinical Work Practice."	Hallvard Lærum,Tom H. Karlsen,Arild Faxvaag	2003	"Research Paper: Effects of Scanning and Eliminating Paper-based Medical Records on Hospital Physicians' Clinical Work Practice."
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Evaluating the Impact of Information Technology on Medication Errors: A Simulation.	James G. Anderson,Stephen J. Jay,Marilyn M. Anderson,Thaddeus J. Hunt	2003	Letter to the Editor: Evaluating the Impact of Information Technology on Medication Errors: A Simulation.
JAMIA	Position Paper: A Proposal for Electronic Medical Records in U.S. Primary Care.	David W. Bates,Mark H. Ebell,Edward Gotlieb,John A. Zapp,H. C. Mullins	2003	Position Paper: A Proposal for Electronic Medical Records in U.S. Primary Care.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Determinants of Success of Inpatient Clinical Information Systems: A Literature Review.	M. J. van der Meijden,Huibert J. Tange,J. Troost,Arie Hasman	2003	Review Paper: Determinants of Success of Inpatient Clinical Information Systems: A Literature Review.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Role of Domain Knowledge in Automating Medical Text Report Classification.	Adam B. Wilcox,George Hripcsak	2003	Research Paper: The Role of Domain Knowledge in Automating Medical Text Report Classification.
JAMIA	Case Report: Structure, Functions, and Activities of a Research Support Informatics Section.	Michael D. Murray,Faye E. Smith,Joanne Fox,Evgenia Y. Teal,Joseph G. Kesterson,Troy A. Stiffler,Roberta J. Ambuehl,Jane Wang,Maria Dibble,Dennis O. Benge,Leonard J. Betley,William M. Tierney,Clement J. McDonald	2003	Case Report: Structure, Functions, and Activities of a Research Support Informatics Section.
JAMIA	Special Feature: Presentation of Morris F. Collen Award to Dr. Marion J. Ball.	Charles Safran	2003	Special Feature: Presentation of Morris F. Collen Award to Dr. Marion J. Ball.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics: Collaborations on the Road to Genomic Medicine?	Victor Maojo,Casimir A. Kulikowski	2003	Viewpoint Paper: Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics: Collaborations on the Road to Genomic Medicine?
JAMIA	Case Report: Survey Assessment of Personal Digital Assistant Use among Trainees and Attending Physicians.	Thomas G. McLeod,Jon O. Ebbert,James F. Lymp	2003	Case Report: Survey Assessment of Personal Digital Assistant Use among Trainees and Attending Physicians.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Comparing Paper-based with Electronic Patient Records: Lessons Learned during a Study on Diagnosis and Procedure Codes.	Jürgen Stausberg,Dietrich Koch,Josef Ingenerf,Michael Betzler	2003	Viewpoint Paper: Comparing Paper-based with Electronic Patient Records: Lessons Learned during a Study on Diagnosis and Procedure Codes.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Computer Decision Support as a Source of Interpretation Error: The Case of Electrocardiograms.	Theodore L. Tsai,Douglas B. Fridsma,Guido Gatti	2003	Research Paper: Computer Decision Support as a Source of Interpretation Error: The Case of Electrocardiograms.
JAMIA	In Memoriam: Harriet Helen Werley, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI: Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (Ret.) October 12, 1914 - October 14, 2002.	Judy G. Ozbolt	2003	In Memoriam: Harriet Helen Werley, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI: Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (Ret.) October 12, 1914 - October 14, 2002.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: XML Schema Representation of DICOM Structured Reporting.	Kwok Pun Lee,Jingkun Hu	2003	Model Formulation: XML Schema Representation of DICOM Structured Reporting.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Telehealth Technologies and Applications for Terrorism Response: A Report of the 2002 Coastal North Carolina Domestic Preparedness Training Exercise.	Scott C. Simmons,Timothy A. Murphy,Adrian Blanarovich,Florence T. Workman,David A. Rosenthal,Matthew Carbone	2003	Application of Information Technology: Telehealth Technologies and Applications for Terrorism Response: A Report of the 2002 Coastal North Carolina Domestic Preparedness Training Exercise.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Diagnostic Decision Support Systems: How to Determine the Gold Standard?	Eta S. Berner	2003	Editorial Comments: Diagnostic Decision Support Systems: How to Determine the Gold Standard?
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Foetal ECG recovery using dynamic neural networks.	Gustavo Camps-Valls,Marcelino Martínez-Sober,Emilio Soria-Olivas,José Rafael Magdalena Benedito,Javier Calpe-Maravilla,Juan Guerrero-Martínez	2004	Foetal ECG recovery using dynamic neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge modeling and acquisition of traditional Chinese herbal drugs and formulae from text.	Cungen Cao,Haitao Wang,Yuefei Sui	2004	Knowledge modeling and acquisition of traditional Chinese herbal drugs and formulae from text.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A comparison of learning algorithms for Bayesian networks: a case study based on data from an emergency medical service.	Silvia Acid,Luis M. de Campos,Juan M. Fernández-Luna,Susana Rodríguez,José María Rodríguez,José Luis Salcedo	2004	A comparison of learning algorithms for Bayesian networks: a case study based on data from an emergency medical service.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic analysis of auditory nerve electrically evoked compound action potential with an artificial neural network.	Basile Charasse,Hung Thai-Van,Jean Marc Chanal,Christian Berger-Vachon,Lionel Collet	2004	Automatic analysis of auditory nerve electrically evoked compound action potential with an artificial neural network.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evaluation of glucose controllers in virtual environment: methodology and sample application.	Ludovic J. Chassin,Malgorzata E. Wilinska,Roman Hovorka	2004	Objective: Adaptive systems to deliver medical treatment in humans are safety-critical systems and require particular care in both the testing and the evaluation phase, which are time-consuming, costly, and confounded by ethical issues. The objective of the present work is to develop a methodology to test glucose controllers of an artificial pancreas in a simulated (virtual) environment.Material and methods: A virtual environment comprising a model of the carbohydrate metabolism and models of the insulin pump and the glucose sensor is employed to simulate individual glucose excursions in subjects with type 1 diabetes. The performance of the control algorithm within the virtual environment is evaluated by considering treatment and operational scenarios.Results: The developed methodology includes two dimensions: testing in relation to specific life style conditions, i.e. fasting, post-prandial, and life style (metabolic) disturbances; and testing in relation to various operating conditions, i.e. expected operating conditions, adverse operating conditions, and system failure. We define safety and efficacy criteria and describe the measures to be taken prior to clinical testing. The use of the methodology is exemplified by tuning and evaluating a model predictive glucose controller being developed for a wearable artificial pancreas focused on fasting conditions.Conclusion: Our methodology to test glucose controllers in a virtual environment is instrumental in anticipating the results of real clinical tests for different physiological conditions and for different operating conditions. The thorough testing in the virtual environment reduces costs and speeds up the development process.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge acquisition in the fuzzy knowledge representation framework of a medical consultation system.	Karl Boegl,Klaus-Peter Adlassnig,Yoichi Hayashi,Thomas E. Rothenfluh,Harald Leitich	2004	Knowledge acquisition in the fuzzy knowledge representation framework of a medical consultation system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An efficient and scalable deformable model for virtual reality-based medical applications.	Kup-Sze Choi,Hanqiu Sun,Pheng-Ann Heng	2004	An efficient and scalable deformable model for virtual reality-based medical applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using literature and data to learn Bayesian networks as clinical models of ovarian tumors.	Peter Antal,Geert Fannes,Dirk Timmerman,Yves Moreau,Bart De Moor	2004	Using literature and data to learn Bayesian networks as clinical models of ovarian tumors.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Prediction of visual perceptions with artificial neural networks in a visual prosthesis for the blind.	Cédric Archambeau,Jean Delbeke,Claude Veraart,Michel Verleysen	2004	Within the framework of the OPTIVIP project, an optic nerve based visual prosthesis is developed in order to restore partial vision to the blind. One of the main challenges is to understand, decode and model the physiological process linking the stimulating parameters to the visual sensations produced in the visual field of a blind volunteer. We propose to use adaptive neural techniques. Two prediction models are investigated. The first one is a grey-box model exploiting the neurophysiological knowledge available up to now. It combines a neurophysiological model with artificial neural networks, such as multi-layer perceptrons and radial basis function networks, in order to predict the features of the visual perceptions. The second model is entirely of the black-box type. We show that both models provide satisfactory prediction tools and achieve similar prediction accuracies. Moreover, we demonstrate that significant improvement (25%) was gained with respect to linear statistical methods, suggesting that the biological process is strongly non-linear.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A constrained-syntax genetic programming system for discovering classification rules: application to medical data sets.	Celia C. Bojarczuk,Heitor S. Lopes,Alex Alves Freitas,Edson L. Michalkiewicz	2004	A constrained-syntax genetic programming system for discovering classification rules: application to medical data sets.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Approaches for creating computer-interpretable guidelines that facilitate decision support.	Paul A. de Clercq,Johannes A. Blom,Hendrikus H. M. Korsten,Arie Hasman	2004	Approaches for creating computer-interpretable guidelines that facilitate decision support.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A quantitative comparison of functional MRI cluster analysis.	Evgenia Dimitriadou,Markus Barth,Christian Windischberger,Kurt Hornik,Ewald Moser	2004	A quantitative comparison of functional MRI cluster analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial intelligence in neuroimaging: four challenges to improve interpretation of brain images.	Michel Dojat	2004	Artificial intelligence in neuroimaging: four challenges to improve interpretation of brain images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Adaptive systems and hybrid computational intelligence in medicine.	Georgios Dounias,Derek A. Linkens	2004	Adaptive systems and hybrid computational intelligence in medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Filter versus wrapper gene selection approaches in DNA microarray domains.	Iñaki Inza,Pedro Larrañaga,Rosa Blanco,Antonio J. Cerrolaza	2004	Filter versus wrapper gene selection approaches in DNA microarray domains.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Selection of patients for clinical trials: an interactive web-based system.	Eugene Fink,Princeton K. Kokku,Savvas Nikiforou,Lawrence O. Hall,Dmitry B. Goldgof,Jeffrey P. Krischer	2004	Selection of patients for clinical trials: an interactive web-based system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Comparison of neural network predictors in the classification of tracheal-bronchial breath sounds by respiratory auscultation.	Ross Folland,Evor L. Hines,Ritaban Dutta,Pascal Boilot,David Morgan	2004	Comparison of neural network predictors in the classification of tracheal-bronchial breath sounds by respiratory auscultation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Detecting acute myocardial infarction in the 12-lead ECG using Hermite expansions and neural networks.	Henrik Haraldsson,Lars Edenbrandt,Mattias Ohlsson	2004	Detecting acute myocardial infarction in the 12-lead ECG using Hermite expansions and neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Understanding tuberculosis epidemiology using structured statistical models.	Lise Getoor,Jeanne T. Rhee,Daphne Koller,Peter Small	2004	Understanding tuberculosis epidemiology using structured statistical models.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Use of genetic algorithms for neural networks to predict community-acquired pneumonia.	Paul S. Heckerling,Ben S. Gerber,Thomas G. Tape,Robert S. Wigton	2004	Use of genetic algorithms for neural networks to predict community-acquired pneumonia.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Auditing concept categorizations in the UMLS.	Huanying Gu,Yehoshua Perl,Gai Elhanan,Hua Min,Li Zhang,Yi Peng	2004	Auditing concept categorizations in the UMLS.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Erratum to ""Transductive reliability estimation for medical diagnosis"" [Artif. Intell. Med. 29: 81-106(2003)]."	Matjaz Kukar	2004	"Erratum to ""Transductive reliability estimation for medical diagnosis"" [Artif. Intell. Med. 29: 81-106(2003)]."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Diagnosis of gastric carcinoma by classification on feature projections.	H. Altay Güvenir,Narin Emeksiz,Nazli Ikizler,Necati Örmeci	2004	Diagnosis of gastric carcinoma by classification on feature projections.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Adaptive ventilator FiO2 advisor: use of non-invasive estimations of shunt.	H.-F. Kwok,Derek A. Linkens,Mahdi Mahfouf,Gary H. Mills	2004	A non-invasive and simple method of parameter estimation has been developed for the model-based decision support of the artificial ventilation in intensive care units. The parameter concerned was the respiratory shunt. Originally, the shunt had to be estimated using a numerical algorithm, which was slow and unreliable. The estimation process also required the knowledge of other parameters, whose values could only be obtained using invasive monitoring equipment. In this paper, the respiratory index is used for the shunt estimation. A linear regression model and a non-linear adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model were used to describe the relationship between the respiratory index and the shunt. The shunts estimated using these models were then used to calculate the fractional inspired oxygen needed to attain the target arterial oxygen level of the model patient. The advisor also utilises population median values of the cardiac index and oxygen consumption index. This alleviates the need for invasive monitoring. In a simulation study, the mean squared error of the control using the ANFIS model was 0.75 kPa2 compared to 2.06 kPa2 using the linear regression model. Therefore, the performance of the FiO2 advisor was better when the shunt was estimated using the non-linear ANFIS model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Cerebral modeling and dynamic Bayesian networks.	Vincent Labatut,Josette Pastor,Serge Ruff,Jean-François Démonet,Pierre Celsis	2004	Cerebral modeling and dynamic Bayesian networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian fluorescence in situ hybridisation signal classification.	Boaz Lerner	2004	Bayesian fluorescence in situ hybridisation signal classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data mining techniques for cancer detection using serum proteomic profiling.	Lihua Li,Hong Tang,Zuobao Wu,Jianli Gong,Michael Gruidl,Jun Zou,Melvyn Tockman,Robert A. Clark	2004	Data mining techniques for cancer detection using serum proteomic profiling.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian networks in biomedicine and health-care.	Peter J. F. Lucas,Linda C. van der Gaag,Ameen Abu-Hanna	2004	Bayesian networks in biomedicine and health-care.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Brain tumor classification based on long echo proton MRS signals.	Lukas Lukas,Andy Devos,Johan A. K. Suykens,Leentje Vanhamme,F. A. Howe,Carles Majós,A. Moreno-Torres,M. Van Der Graaf,Anne Rosemary Tate,Carles Arús,Sabine Van Huffel	2004	Brain tumor classification based on long echo proton MRS signals.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Structural shape characterization via exploratory factor analysis.	Alexei Manso Correa Machado,James C. Gee,Mario Fernando Montenegro Campos	2004	Structural shape characterization via exploratory factor analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Coordinate-based versus structural approaches to brain image analysis.	Jean-Francois Mangin,Denis Rivière,Olivier Coulon,Cyril Poupon,Arnaud Cachia,Yann Cointepas,Jean-Baptiste Poline,Denis Le Bihan,Jean Régis,Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos	2004	Coordinate-based versus structural approaches to brain image analysis.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Measuring performance in health care: case-mix adjustment by boosted decision trees.	Anke Neumann,Josiane Holstein,Jean-Roger Le Gall,Eric Lepage	2004	Measuring performance in health care: case-mix adjustment by boosted decision trees.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Finding related functional neuroimaging volumes.	Finn Årup Nielsen,Lars Kai Hansen	2004	Finding related functional neuroimaging volumes.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	WeAidU - a decision support system for myocardial perfusion images using artificial neural networks.	Mattias Ohlsson	2004	WeAidU - a decision support system for myocardial perfusion images using artificial neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Finding optimal decision scores by evolutionary strategies.	Jürgen Paetz	2004	Finding optimal decision scores by evolutionary strategies.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Genetic design of feature spaces for pattern classifiers.	Witold Pedrycz,Arnon Breuer,Nicolino J. Pizzi	2004	Genetic design of feature spaces for pattern classifiers.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Structural proteomics of the poxvirus family.	Arlo Z. Randall,Pierre Baldi,Luis P. Villarreal	2004	Structural proteomics of the poxvirus family.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automated segmentation of human brain MR images using a multi-agent approach.	Nathalie Richard,Michel Dojat,Catherine Garbay	2004	Automated segmentation of human brain MR images using a multi-agent approach.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bayesian network multi-classifiers for protein secondary structure prediction.	Víctor Robles,Pedro Larrañaga,José Manuel Peña,Ernestina Menasalvas Ruiz,María S. Pérez,Vanessa Herves,Anita Wasilewska	2004	Bayesian network multi-classifiers for protein secondary structure prediction.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data mining and genetic algorithm based gene/SNP selection.	Shital C. Shah,Andrew Kusiak	2004	Data mining and genetic algorithm based gene/SNP selection.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Evolving rule-based systems in two medical domains using genetic programming.	Athanasios Tsakonas,Georgios Dounias,Jan Jantzen,Hubertus Axer,Beth Bjerregaard,Diedrich Graf v. Keyserlingk	2004	"Objective: To demonstrate and compare the application of different genetic programming (GP) based intelligent methodologies for the construction of rule-based systems in two medical domains: the diagnosis of aphasia's subtypes and the classification of pap-smear examinations.Material: Past data representing (a) successful diagnosis of aphasia's subtypes from collaborating medical experts through a free interview per patient, and (b) correctly classified smears (images of cells) by cyto-technologists, previously stained using the Papanicolaou method.Methods: Initially a hybrid approach is proposed, which combines standard genetic programming and heuristic hierarchical crisp rule-base construction. Then, genetic programming for the production of crisp rule based systems is attempted. Finally, another hybrid intelligent model is composed by a grammar driven genetic programming system for the generation of fuzzy rule-based systems.Results: Results denote the effectiveness of the proposed systems, while they are also compared for their efficiency, accuracy and comprehensibility, to those of an inductive machine learning approach as well as to those of a standard genetic programming symbolic expression approach.Conclusion: The porposed GP-based intelligent methodologies are able to produce accurate and comprehensible results for medical experts performing competitive to other intelligent approaches. The aim of the authors was the production of accurate but also sensible decision rules that could potentially help medical doctors to extract conclusions, even at the expense of a higher classification score achievement"
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Data mining of gene expression changes in Alzheimer brain.	P. Roy Walker,Brandon Smith,Qing Yan Liu,A. Fazel Famili,Julio J. Valdés,Ziying Liu,Boleslaw Lach	2004	Data mining of gene expression changes in Alzheimer brain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Medical privacy protection based on granular computing.	Da-Wei Wang,Churn-Jung Liau,Tsan-sheng Hsu	2004	Medical privacy protection based on granular computing.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Multivariate selection of genetic markers in diagnostic classification.	Griffin Weber,Staal A. Vinterbo,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2004	Multivariate selection of genetic markers in diagnostic classification.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Prediction of diagnosis in patients with early arthritis using a combined Kohonen mapping and instance-based evaluation criterion.	Bart Wyns,Stefan Sette,Luc Boullart,D. Baeten,I. E. A. Hoffman,Filip De Keyser	2004	Prediction of diagnosis in patients with early arthritis using a combined Kohonen mapping and instance-based evaluation criterion.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An evaluation of a system that recommends microarray experiments to perform to discover gene-regulation pathways.	Changwon Yoo,Gregory F. Cooper	2004	An evaluation of a system that recommends microarray experiments to perform to discover gene-regulation pathways.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A novel kernelized fuzzy C-means algorithm with application in medical image segmentation.	Dao-Qiang Zhang,Song-Can Chen	2004	A novel kernelized fuzzy C-means algorithm with application in medical image segmentation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Latent variable discovery in classification models.	Nevin Lianwen Zhang,Thomas D. Nielsen,Finn Verner Jensen	2004	Latent variable discovery in classification models.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Artificial intelligence in medicine in China.	Zhi-Hua Zhou,Ruqian Lu	2004	Artificial intelligence in medicine in China.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Ontology development for unified traditional Chinese medical language system.	Xuezhong Zhou,Zhaohui Wu,Aining Yin,Lancheng Wu,Weiyu Fan,Ruen Zhang	2004	Ontology development for unified traditional Chinese medical language system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Local fuzzy fractal dimension and its application in medical image processing.	Xiaodong Zhuang,Qingchun Meng	2004	Local fuzzy fractal dimension and its application in medical image processing.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Enhancing performance of protein and gene name recognizers with filtering and integration strategies.	Wen-Juan Hou,Hsin-Hsi Chen	2004	Named entity (NE) recognition is a fundamental task in biological relationship mining. This paper considers protein/gene collocates extracted from biological corpora as restrictions to enhance the precision rate of protein/gene name recognition. In addition, we integrate the results of multiple NE recognizers to improve the recall rates. Yapex and KeX, and ABGene and Idgene are taken as examples of protein and gene name recognizers, respectively. The precision of Yapex increases from 70.90 to 85.84% at the low expense of the recall rate (i.e., it only decreases 2.44%) when collocates are incorporated. When both filtering and integration strategies are employed together, the Yapex-based integration with KeX shows good performance, i.e., the F-score increases by 7.83% compared to the pure Yapex method. The results of gene recognition show the same tendency. The ABGene-based integration with Idgene shows a 10.18% F-score increase compared to the pure ABGene method. These successful methodologies can be easily extended to other name finders in biological documents.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A computational TW3 classifier for skeletal maturity assessment. A approach.	Santiago Aja-Fernández,Rodrigo de Luis García,Miguel Ángel Martín-Fernández,Carlos Alberola-López	2004	This paper proposes a fuzzy methodology to translate the natural language descriptions of the TW3 method for bone age assessment into an automatic classifier. The classifier is built upon a modified version of a fuzzy ID3 decision tree. No large data records are needed to train the classifier, i.e., to find out the classification rules, since the classifier is built upon rules given by the TW3 method. Only small data records are needed to fine-tune the fuzzy sets used to implement the rulebase.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cognitive schema and naturalistic decision making in evidence-based practices.	Paul R. Falzer	2004	"A recent article in this journal proposed a naturalistic approach to decision making that overcomes problems intrinsic to classical decision theory. The approach emphasizes cognitive and multi-level processes, the development of expert reasoning, and the role of decision support in individual and organizational decision making. The current paper builds on this effort by suggesting a naturalistic, multi-level, theory that can facilitate the dissemination of evidence-based practices (EBPs). The paper presents ""Image Theory,"" a theory that has been extensively investigated in other disciplines, but has yet to be utilized in medical decision research. It is suggested that its rich, empirically tested, distinctions among kinds of cognitive and organizational processes and types of decisions and tasks make Image Theory especially valuable in describing impediments to implementing EBPs. The paper discusses how naturalistic theory can assist clinicians, administrators, researchers, and policy makers in achieving a balance between evidence-based medicine and patient-centered practice."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Methods for automated concept mapping between medical databases.	Yao Sun	2004	"The retrieval and exchange of information between medical databases is often impeded by the semantic heterogeneity of concepts contained within the databases. Manual identification of equivalent database elements consumes time and resources, and may often be the rate-limiting technological step in integrating disparate data sources. By employing semantic networks as an intermediary representation of the native databases, automated mapping algorithms can identify equivalent concepts in disparate databases. The algorithms take advantage of the conceptual ""context"" embodied within a semantic network to produce candidate concept mappings. The performance of automated concept mapping was evaluated by creating semantic network representations for two test laboratory databases. The mapping algorithms identified all equivalent concepts that were present in the databases, and did not leave any equivalent concepts unmapped. The utilization of conceptual context to perform automated concept mapping facilitates the identification of equivalent database concepts and may help decrease the work and costs associated with retrieval and integration of information from disparate databases."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Introduction: named entity recognition in biomedicine.	Sophia Ananiadou,Carol Friedman,Jun-ichi Tsujii	2004	Introduction: named entity recognition in biomedicine.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Bioinformatics integration and agent technology.	Konstantinos Karasavvas,Richard A. Baldock,Albert Burger	2004	Vast amounts of life sciences data are scattered around the world in the form of a variety of heterogeneous data sources. The need to be able to co-relate relevant information is fundamental to increase the overall knowledge and understanding of a specific subject. Bioinformaticians aspire to find ways to integrate biological data sources for this purpose and system integration is a very important research topic. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of important integration issues that should be considered when designing a bioinformatics integration system. The currently prevailing approach for integration is presented with examples of bioinformatics information systems together with their main characteristics. Here, we introduce agent technology and we argue why it provides an appropriate solution for designing bioinformatics integration systems.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Discovering significant and interpretable patterns from multifactorial DNA microarray data with poor replication.	Ju Han Kim,Dooil Jeoung,Seongeun Lee,Hyeouneui Kim	2004	Motivation. Multivariate analyses are advantageous for the simultaneous testing of the separate and combined effects of many variables and of their interactions. In factorial designs with many factors and/or levels, however, sufficient replication is often prohibitively costly. Furthermore, complicated statements are often required for the biological interpretation of the higher-order interactions determined by standard statistical techniques like analysis of variance.Results. Because we are usually interested in finding factor-specific effects or their interactions, we assumed that the observed expression profile of a gene is a manifestation of an underlying factor-specific generative pattern (FSGP) combined with noise. Thus. a genetic algorithm was created to find the nearest FSGP for each expression profile. We then measured the distance between each profile and the corresponding nearest FSGP. Permutation testing for the distance measures successfully identified those genes with statistically significant profiles, thus yielding straightforward biological interpretations. Association networks of genes, drugs, and cell lines were created as tripartite graphs, representing significant and interpretable relations, by using a microarray experiment of gastric-cancer cell lines with a factorial design and no replication. The proposed method may benefit the combined analysis of heterogeneous expression data from the growing public repositories.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	GLIF3: a representation format for sharable computer-interpretable clinical practice guidelines.	Aziz A. Boxwala,Mor Peleg,Samson W. Tu,Omolola Ogunyemi,Qing T. Zeng,Dongwen Wang,Vimla L. Patel,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe	2004	The Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF) is a model for representation of sharable computer-interpretable guidelines. The current version of GLIF (GLIF3) is a substantial update and enhancement of the model since the previous version (GLIF2). GLIF3 enables encoding of a guideline at three levels: a conceptual flowchart, a computable specification that can be verified for logical consistency and completeness, and an implementable specification that is intended to be incorporated into particular institutional information systems. The representation has been tested on a wide variety of guidelines that are typical of the range of guidelines in clinical use. It builds upon GLIF2 by adding several constructs that enable interpretation of encoded guidelines in computer-based decision-support systems. GLIF3 leverages standards being developed in Health Level 7 in order to allow integration of guidelines with clinical information systems. The GLIF3 specification consists of an extensible object-oriented model and a structured syntax based on the resource description framework (RDF). Empirical validation of the ability to generate appropriate recommendations using GLIF3 has been tested by executing encoded guidelines against actual patient data. GLIF3 is accordingly ready for broader experimentation and prototype use by organizations that wish to evaluate its ability to capture the logic of clinical guidelines, to implement them in clinical systems, and thereby to provide integrated decision support to assist clinicians.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A greedy algorithm for supervised discretization.	Richard Butterworth,Dan A. Simovici,Gustavo S. Santos,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2004	We present a greedy algorithm for supervised discretization using a metric defined on the space of partitions of a set of objects. This proposed technique is useful for preparing the data for classifiers that require nominal attributes. Experimental work on decision trees and naïve Bayes classifiers confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A simple and effective algorithm for detection of arbitrary Hartmann-Shack patterns.	Luis Alberto Carvalho	2004	"The Hartmann-Shack sensor is well known for its capability of detecting optical aberrations from telescopic images, normally caused by the atmospheric turbulence. Since the mid-1990s, this sensor has been adapted to work with ophthalmic instrumentation to measure aberrations of the human eye. In astronomical applications, the image processing is implemented using robust closed-loop hardware systems, allowing for very high frequencies (usually in the range of 30-500 Hz). In ophthalmic instruments, this hardware solution is not proper, for two reasons: first, prices of ophthalmic instrumentation have to be at more accessible prices and, second, there is no need for ultra-high frequency closed-loop systems: in fact, as we will see along the text, recent studies of the dynamics of the eye's aberrations show that closed-loop systems of very much lower frequencies (from 10 to 40 Hz) may well eliminate the undesired micro-fluctuations in the eye's aberrations and allow for diffraction limited measurements. We have developed an effective algorithm for detection of HS patterns using an affordable commercial hardware configuration and easy to implement software. To our knowledge, this type of information has not been thoroughly disclosed elsewhere, probably due to proprietary reasons."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Towards the development of a conceptual distance metric for the UMLS.	Jorge E. Caviedes,James J. Cimino	2004	The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of conceptual similarity metrics in the framework of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We have investigated an approach based on the minimum number of parent links between concepts, and evaluated its performance relative to human expert estimates on three sets of concepts for three terminologies within the UMLS (i.e., MeSH, ICD9CM, and SNOMED). The resulting quantitative metric enables computer-based applications that use decision thresholds and approximate matching criteria. The proposed conceptual matching supports problem solving and inferencing (using high-level, generic concepts) based on readily available data (typically represented as low-level, specific concepts). Through the identification of semantically similar concepts, conceptual matching also enables reasoning in the absence of exact, or even approximate, lexical matching. Finally, conceptual matching is relevant for terminology development and maintenance, machine learning research, decision support system development, and data mining research in biomedical informatics and other fields.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Term identification in the biomedical literature.	Michael Krauthammer,Goran Nenadic	2004	Sophisticated information technologies are needed for effective data acquisition and integration from a growing body of the biomedical literature. Successful term identification is key to getting access to the stored literature information, as it is the terms (and their relationships) that convey knowledge across scientific articles. Due to the complexities of a dynamically changing biomedical terminology, term identification has been recognized as the current bottleneck in text mining, and--as a consequence--has become an important research topic both in natural language processing and biomedical communities. This article overviews state-of-the-art approaches in term identification. The process of identifying terms is analysed through three steps: term recognition, term classification, and term mapping. For each step, main approaches and general trends, along with the major problems, are discussed. By assessing previous work in context of the overall term identification process, the review also tries to delineate needs for future work in the field.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A primer on gene expression and microarrays for machine learning researchers.	Winston Patrick Kuo,Eun-Young Kim,Jeff Trimarchi,Tor-Kristian Jenssen,Staal A. Vinterbo,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2004	Data originating from biomedical experiments has provided machine learning researchers with an important source of motivation for developing and evaluating new algorithms. A new wave of algorithmic development has been initiated with the publication of gene expression data derived from microarrays. Microarray data analysis is particularly challenging given the large number of measurements (typically in the order of thousands) that are reported for relatively few samples (typically in the order of dozens). Many data sets are now available on the web. It is important that machine learning researchers understand how data are obtained and which assumptions are necessary in the analysis. Microarray data have the potential to cause significant impact in machine learning research, not just as a rich and realistic source of cases for testing new algorithms, as has been the UCI machine learning repository in the past decades, but also as a main motivation for their development. In this article, we briefly review the biology underlying microarrays, the process of obtaining gene expression measurements, and the rationale behind the common types of analyses involved in a microarray experiment. We outline the main challenges and reiterate critical considerations regarding the construction of supervised learning models that use this type of data. The goal of this article is to familiarize machine learning researchers with data originated from gene expression microarrays.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Fever detection from free-text clinical records for biosurveillance.	Wendy Webber Chapman,John N. Dowling,Michael M. Wagner	2004	Automatic detection of cases of febrile illness may have potential for early detection of outbreaks of infectious disease either by identification of anomalous numbers of febrile illness or in concert with other information in diagnosing specific syndromes, such as febrile respiratory syndrome. At most institutions, febrile information is contained only in free-text clinical records. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of three level detection algorithms for detecting fever from free-text. Keyword CC and CoCo classified patients based on triage chief complaints: Keyword HP classified patients based on dictated emergency department reports. Keyword HP was the most sensitive (sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.89), and Keyword CC was the most specific (sensitivity 0.61, specificity 1.0). Because chief complaints are available sooner than emergency department reports, we suggest a combined application that classifies patients based on their chief complaint followed by classification based on their emergency department report, once the report becomes available.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cognitive and usability engineering methods for the evaluation of clinical information systems.	André Kushniruk,Vimla L. Patel	2004	Increasingly healthcare policy and decision makers are demanding evidence to justify investments in health information systems. This demand requires an adequate evaluation of these systems. A wide variety of approaches and methodologies have been applied in assessing the impact of information systems in health care, ranging from controlled clinical trials to use of questionnaires and interviews with users. In this paper we describe methodological approaches which we have applied and refined for the past 10 years for the evaluation of health information systems. The approaches are strongly rooted in theories and methods from cognitive science and the emerging field of usability engineering. The focus is on assessing human computer interaction and in particular, the usability of computer systems in both laboratory and naturalistic settings. The methods described can be a part of the formative evaluation of systems during their iterative development, and can also complement more traditional assessment methods used in summative system evaluation of completed systems. The paper provides a review of the general area of systems evaluation with the motivation and rationale for methodological approaches underlying usability engineering and cognitive task analysis as applied to health information systems. This is followed by a detailed description of the methods we have applied in a variety of settings in conducting usability testing and usability inspection of systems such as computer-based patient records. Emerging trends in the evaluation of complex information systems are discussed.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Diagnostic fidelity of the Z-buffer segmentation algorithm: preliminary assessment based on intracranial aneurysm detection.	Brian E. Chapman,Dennis L. Parker,Janet O. Stapelton,Jay S. Tsuruda,Claudia Mello-Thoms,Bronwin Hamilton,Gregory L. Katzman,Kevin Moore	2004	We have developed an algorithm known as the Z-buffer segmentation (ZBS) algorithm for segmenting vascular structures from 3D MRA images. Previously we evaluated the accuracy of the ZBS algorithm on a voxel level in terms of inclusion and exclusion of vascular and background voxels. In this paper we evaluate the diagnostic fidelity of the ZBS algorithm. By diagnostic fidelity we mean that the data preserves the structural information necessary for diagnostic evaluation. This evaluation is necessary to establish the potential usefulness of the segmentation for improved image display, or whether the segmented data could form the basis of a computerized analysis tool. We assessed diagnostic fidelity by measuring how well human observers could detect aneurysms in the segmented data sets. ZBS segmentation of 30 MRA cases containing 29 aneurysms was performed. Image display used densitometric reprojections with shaded surface highlighting that were generated from the segmented data. Three neuroradiologists independently reviewed the generated ZBS images for aneurysms. The observers had 80% sensitivity (90% for aneurysms larger than 2 mm) with 0.13 false positives per image. Good agreement with the gold standard for describing aneurysm size and orientation was shown. These preliminary results suggest that the segmentation has diagnostic fidelity with the original data and may be useful for improved visualization or automated analysis of the vasculature.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Biomedical named entity recognition using two-phase model based on SVMs.	Ki-Joong Lee,Young-Sook Hwang,Seonho Kim,Hae-Chang Rim	2004	Named entity (NE) recognition has become one of the most fundamental tasks in biomedical knowledge acquisition. In this paper, we present a two-phase named entity recognizer based on SVMs, which consists of a boundary identification phase and a semantic classification phase of named entities. When adapting SVMs to named entity recognition, the multi-class problem and the unbalanced class distribution problem become very serious in terms of training cost and performance. We try to solve these problems by separating the NE recognition task into two subtasks, where we use appropriate SVM classifiers and relevant features for each subtask. In addition, by employing a hierarchical classification method based on ontology, we effectively solve the multiclass problem concerning semantic classification. The experimental results on the GENIA corpus show that the proposed method is effective not only in reducing computational cost but also in improving performance. The F-score (β = 1) for the boundary identification is 74.8 and the F-score for the semantic classification is 66.7.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Comparison of character-level and part of speech features for name recognition in biomedical texts.	Nigel Collier,Koichi Takeuchi	2004	"The immense volume of data which is now available from experiments in molecular biology has led to an explosion in reported results most of which are available only in unstructured text format. For this reason there has been great interest in the task of text mining to aid in fact extraction, document screening, citation analysis, and linkage with large gene and gene-product databases. In particular there has been an intensive investigation into the named entity (NE) task as a core technology in all of these tasks which has been driven by the availability of high volume training sets such as the GENIA v3.02 corpus. Despite such large training sets accuracy for biology NE has proven to be consistently far below the high levels of performance in the news domain where F scores above 90 are commonly reported which can be considered near to human performance. We argue that it is crucial that more rigorous analysis of the factors that contribute to the model's performance be applied to discover where the underlying limitations are and what our future research direction should be. Our investigation in this paper reports on variations of two widely used feature types, part of speech (POS) tags and character-level orthographic features, and makes a comparison of how these variations influence performance. We base our experiments on a proven state-of-the-art model, support vector machines using a high quality subset of 100 annotated MEDLINE abstracts. Experiments reveal that the best performing features are orthographic features with F score of 72.6. Although the Brill tagger trained in-domain on the GENIA v3.02p POS corpus gives the best overall performance of any POS tagger, at an F score of 68.6, this is still significantly below the orthographic features. In combination these two features types appear to interfere with each other and degrade performance slightly to an F score of 72.3."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	How (not) to protect genomic data privacy in a distributed network: using trail re-identification to evaluate and design anonymity protection systems.	Bradley Malin,Latanya Sweeney	2004	The increasing integration of patient-specific genomic data into clinical practice and research raises serious privacy concerns. Various systems have been proposed that protect privacy by removing or encrypting explicitly identifying information, such as name or social security number, into pseudonyms. Though these systems claim to protect identity from being disclosed, they lack formal proofs. In this paper, we study the erosion of privacy when genomic data, either pseudonymous or data believed to be anonymous, are released into a distributed healthcare environment. Several algorithms are introduced, collectively called RE-Identification of Data In Trails (REIDIT), which link genomic data to named individuals in publicly available records by leveraging unique features in patient-location visit patterns. Algorithmic proofs of re-identification are developed and we demonstrate, with experiments on real-world data, that susceptibility to re-identification is neither trivial nor the result of bizarre isolated occurrences. We propose that such techniques can be applied as system tests of privacy protection capabilities.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Induction of comprehensible models for gene expression datasets by subgroup discovery methodology.	Dragan Gamberger,Nada Lavrac,Filip Zelezný,Jakub Tolar	2004	Finding disease markers (classifiers) from gene expression data by machine learning algorithms is characterized by a high risk of overfitting the data due the abundance of attributes (simultaneously measured gene expression values) and shortage of available examples (observations). To avoid this pitfall and achieve predictor robustness, state-of-the-art approaches construct complex classifiers that combine relatively weak contributions of up to thousands of genes (attributes) to classify a disease. The complexity of such classifiers limits their transparency and consequently the biological insights they can provide. The goal of this study is to apply to this domain the methodology of constructing simple yet robust logic-based classifiers amenable to direct expert interpretation. On two well-known, publicly available gene expression classification problems, the paper shows the feasibility of this approach, employing a recently developed subgroup discovery methodology. Some of the discovered classifiers allow for novel biological interpretations.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using genomics to help predict drug interactions.	Donald S. Gardner	2004	"This article proposes using genomic information to help tailor the output of a drug interaction program for a patient. This paper focuses on a particular CYP450 enzyme to illustrate adding genomic information to an existing drug interaction database. The data are formatted as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. The additional interaction information based on genomics for a patient is added to an XML document using XML tags. The suggestion is to combine specifics about a patient's genome with genomic information in the drug interactions database to increase the accuracy and details of a drug interaction program."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics: facilitating genomic medicine for future health care.	Fernando Martín-Sánchez,Ilias Iakovidis,S. Nørager,Victor Maojo,Piet C. de Groen,Johan van der Lei,T. Jones,Klaus Abraham-Fuchs,R. Apweiler,Ankica Babic	2004	Synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics: facilitating genomic medicine for future health care.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Gene name identification and normalization using a model organism database.	Alexander A. Morgan,Lynette Hirschman,Marc E. Colosimo,Alexander S. Yeh,Jeffrey B. Colombe	2004	Biology has now become an information science, and researchers are increasingly dependent on expert-curated biological databases to organize the findings from the published literature. We report here on a series of experiments related to the application of natural language processing to aid in the curation process for FlyBase. We focused on listing the normalized form of genes and gene products discussed in an article. We broke this into two steps: gene mention tagging in text, followed by normalization of gene names. For gene mention tagging, we adopted a statistical approach. To provide training data, we were able to reverse engineer the gene lists from the associated articles and abstracts, to generate text labeled (imperfectly) with gene mentions. We then evaluated the quality of the noisy training data (precision of 78%, recall 88%) and the quality of the HMM tagger output trained on this noisy data (precision 78%, recall 71%). In order to generate normalized gene lists, we explored two approaches. First, we explored simple pattern matching based on synonym lists to obtain a high recall/low precision system (recall 95%, precision 2%). Using a series of filters, we were able to improve precision to 50% with a recall of 72% (balanced F-measure of 0.59). Our second approach combined the HMM gene mention tagger with various filters to remove ambiguous mentions; this approach achieved an F-measure of 0.72 (precision 88%, recall 61%). These experiments indicate that the lexical resources provided by FlyBase are complete enough to achieve high recall on the gene list task, and that normalization requires accurate disambiguation; different strategies for tagging and normalization trade off recall for precision.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Model-free functional MRI analysis based on unsupervised clustering.	Axel Wismüller,Anke Meyer-Bäse,Oliver Lange,Dorothee Auer,Maximilian F. Reiser,DeWitt Sumners	2004	"Conventional model-based or statistical analysis methods for functional MRI (fMRI) are easy to implement, and are effective in analyzing data with simple paradigms. However, they are not applicable in situations in which patterns of neural response are complicated and when fMRI response is unknown. In this paper the ""neural gas"" network is adapted and rigourosly studied for analyzing fMRI data. The algorithm supports spatial connectivity aiding in the identification of activation sites in functional brain imaging. A comparison of this new method with Kohonen's self-organizing map and with a fuzzy clustering scheme based on deterministic annealing is done in a systematic fMRI study showing comparative quantitative evaluations. The most important findings in this paper are: (1) both ""neural gas"" and the fuzzy clustering technique outperform Kohonen's map in terms of identifying signal components with high correlation to the fMRI stimulus. (2) the ""neural gas"" outperforms the two other methods with respect to the quantization error, and (3) Kohonen's map outperforms the two other methods in terms of computational expense. The applicability of the new algorithm is demonstrated on experimental data."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Multivariate image analysis in biomedicine.	Tim W. Nattkemper	2004	In recent years, multivariate imaging techniques are developed and applied in biomedical research in an increasing degree. In research projets and in clinical studies as well m-dimensional multivariate images (MVI) are recorded and stored to databases for a subsequent analysis. The complexity of the m-dimensional data and the growing number of high throughput applications call for new strategies for the application of image processing and data mining to support the direct interactive analysis by human experts. This article provides an overview of proposed approaches for MVI analysis in biomedicine. After summarizing the biomedical MVI techniques the two level framework for MVI analysis is illustrated. Following this framework, the state-of-the-art solutions from the fields of image processing and data mining are reviewed and discussed. Motivations for MVI data mining in biology and medicine are characterized, followed by an overview of graphical and auditory approaches for interactive data exploration. The paper concludes with summarizing open problems in MVI analysis and remarks upon the future development of biomedical MVI analysis.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Use of morphological analysis in protein name recognition.	Kaoru Yamamoto,Taku Kudo,Akihiko Konagaya,Yuji Matsumoto	2004	Protein name recognition aims to detect each and every protein names appearing in a PubMed abstract. The task is not simple, as the graphic word boundary (space separator) assumed in conventional preprocessing does not necessarily coincide with the protein name boundary. Such boundary disagreement caused by tokenization ambiguity has usually been ignored in conventional preprocessing of general English. In this paper, we argue that boundary disagreement poses serious limitations in biomedical English text processing, not to mention protein name recognition. Our key idea for dealing with the boundary disagreement is to apply techniques used in Japanese morphological analysis where there are no word boundaries. Having evaluated the proposed method with GENIA corpus 3.02, we obtain F-measure of 69.01 on a strict criterion and 79.32 on a relaxed criterion. The result is comparable to other published work in protein name recognition, without resorting to manually prepared ad hoc feature engineering. Further, compared to the conventional preprocessing, the use of morphological analysis as preprocessing improves the performance of protein name recognition and reduces the execution time.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Mapping high-dimensional data onto a relative distance plane - an exact method for visualizing and characterizing high-dimensional patterns.	Ray L. Somorjai,B. Dolenko,Aleksander B. Demko,M. Mandelzweig,A. E. Nikulin,Richard Baumgartner,Nicolino J. Pizzi	2004	We introduce a distance (similarity)--based mapping for the visualization of high-dimensional patterns and their relative relationships. The mapping preserves exactly the original distances between points with respect to any two reference patterns in a special two-dimensional coordinate system, the relative distance plane (RDP). As only a single calculation of a distance matrix is required, this method is computationally efficient, an essential requirement for any exploratory data analysis. The data visualization afforded by this representation permits a rapid assessment of class pattern distributions. In particular, we can determine with a simple statistical test whether both training and validation sets of a 2-class, high-dimensional dataset derive from the same class distributions. We can explore any dataset in detail by identifying the subset of reference pairs whose members belong to different classes, cycling through this subset, and for each pair, mapping the remaining patterns. These multiple viewpoints facilitate the identification and confirmation of outliers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on several complex biomedical datasets. Because of its efficiency, effectiveness, and versatility, one may use the RDP representation as an initial, data mining exploration that precedes classification by some classifier. Once final enhancements to the RDP mapping software are completed, we plan to make it freely available to researchers.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Identifying projected clusters from gene expression profiles.	Kevin Y. Yip,David W. Cheung,Michael K. Ng,Kei-Hoi Cheung	2004	In microarray gene expression data, clusters may hide in certain subspaces. For example, a set of co-regulated genes may have similar expression patterns in only a subset of the samples in which certain regulating factors are present. Their expression patterns could be dissimilar when measuring in the full input space. Traditional clustering algorithms that make use of such similarity measurements may fail to identify the clusters. In recent years a number of algorithms have been proposed to identify this kind of projected clusters, but many of them rely on some critical parameters whose proper values are hard for users to determine. In this paper, a new algorithm that dynamically adjusts its internal thresholds is proposed. It has a low dependency on user parameters while allowing users to input some domain knowledge should they be available. Experimental results show that the algorithm is capable of identifying some interesting projected clusters.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using automatically learnt verb selectional preferences for classification of biomedical terms.	Irena Spasic,Sophia Ananiadou	2004	In this paper, we present an approach to term classification based on verb selectional patterns (VSPs), where such a pattern is defined as a set of semantic classes that could be used in combination with a given domain-specific verb. VSPs have been automatically learnt based on the information found in a corpus and an ontology in the biomedical domain. Prior to the learning phase, the corpus is terminologically processed: term recognition is performed by both looking up the dictionary of terms listed in the ontology and applying the C/NC-value method for on-the-fly term extraction. Subsequently, domain-specific verbs are automatically identified in the corpus based on the frequency of occurrence and the frequency of their co-occurrence with terms. VSPs are then learnt automatically for these verbs. Two machine learning approaches are presented. The first approach has been implemented as an iterative generalisation procedure based on a partial order relation induced by the domain-specific ontology. The second approach exploits the idea of genetic algorithms. Once the VSPs are acquired, they can be used to classify newly recognised terms co-occurring with domain-specific verbs. Given a term, the most frequently co-occurring domain-specific verb is selected. Its VSP is used to constrain the search space by focusing on potential classes of the given term. A nearest-neighbour approach is then applied to select a class from the constrained space of candidate classes. The most similar candidate class is predicted for the given term. The similarity measure used for this purpose combines contextual, lexical, and syntactic properties of terms.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Research on machine learning issues in biomedical informatics modeling.	Lucila Ohno-Machado	2004	Research on machine learning issues in biomedical informatics modeling.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Comprehensive vertical sample-based KNN/LSVM classification for gene expression analysis.	Fei Pan,Baoying Wang,Xin Hu,William Perrizo	2004	Classification analysis of microarray gene expression data has been widely used to uncover biological features and to distinguish closely related cell types that often appear in the diagnosis of cancer. However, the number of dimensions of gene expression data is often very high, e.g., in the hundreds or thousands. Accurate and efficient classification of such high-dimensional data remains a contemporary challenge. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive vertical sample-based KNN/LSVM classification approach with weights optimized by genetic algorithms for high-dimensional data. Experiments on common gene expression datasets demonstrated that our approach can achieve high accuracy and efficiency at the same time. The improvement of speed is mainly related to the vertical data representation, P-tree, and its optimized logical algebra. The high accuracy is due to the combination of a KNN majority voting approach and a local support vector machine approach that makes optimal decisions at the local level. As a result, our approach could be a powerful tool for high-dimensional gene expression data analysis.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Correspondence analysis of microarray time-course data in case-control design.	Qihua Tan,Klaus Brusgaard,Torben A. Kruse,Edward J. Oakeley,Brian A. Hemmings,Henning Beck-Nielsen,Lars Hansen,Michael Gaster	2004	Although different statistical approaches have been proposed for analyzing microarray time-course data, method for analyzing such data collected using the popular case-control design in clinical investigations has not been proposed perhaps due to the increased complexity for the existing parametric or non-parametric approaches. In this paper, we introduce a new multivariate data analyzing technique, the correspondence analysis, to analyze the high dimensional microarray time-course data in case-control design. We show, through an example on type 2 diabetes, how the nice features of the correspondence analysis can be use to explore the various time-course gene expression profiles that exist in the data. By coordinating and examining the projections on the reduced dimensions by both the genes and the time-course experiments, we are able to identify important genes and time-course patterns and make inferences on their biological relevance. Using the sample replicates, we propose a bootstrap procedure for inferring the significance of contributions on the leading dimensions by both the time-course experiments and the genes. Striking differences in the time-course patterns in the normal controls and diabetes patients have been revealed. In addition, the method also identifies genes that display similar or comparable time-course expression patterns shared by both the cases and the controls. We conclude that our correspondence analysis based approach can be a useful tool for analyzing high dimensional microarray data collected in clinical investigations.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A cognitive taxonomy of medical errors.	Jiajie Zhang,Vimla L. Patel,Todd R. Johnson,Edward H. Shortliffe	2004	Objective. Propose a cognitive taxonomy of medical errors at the level of individuals and their interactions with technology. Design. Use cognitive theories of human error and human action to develop the theoretical foundations of the taxonomy, develop the structure of the taxonomy, populate the taxonomy with examples of medical error cases, identify cognitive mechanisms for each category of medical error under the taxonomy, and apply the taxonomy to practical problems.Measurements. Four criteria were used to evaluate the cognitive taxonomy. The taxonomy should be able (1) to categorize major types of errors at the individual level along cognitive dimensions, (2) to associate each type of error with a specific underlying cognitive mechanism, (3) to describe how and explain why a specific error occurs, and (4) to generate intervention strategies for each type of error.Results. The proposed cognitive taxonomy largely satisfies the four criteria at a theoretical and conceptual level. Conclusion. Theoretically, the proposed cognitive taxonomy provides a method to systematically categorize medical errors at the individual level along cognitive dimensions, leads to a better understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms of medical errors, and provides a framework that can guide future studies on medical errors. Practically, it provides guidelines for the development of cognitive interventions to decrease medical errors and foundation for the development of medical error reporting system that not only categorizes errors but also identifies problems and helps to generate solutions. To validate this model empirically, we will next be performing systematic experimental studies.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Book Review.	Paul Pavlidis	2004	Book Review.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Enhancing HMM-based biomedical named entity recognition by studying special phenomena.	Jie Zhang,Dan Shen,Guodong Zhou,Jian Su,Chew Lim Tan	2004	The purpose of this research is to enhance an HMM-based named entity recognizer in the biomedical domain. First, we analyze the characteristics of biomedical named entities. Then, we propose a rich set of features, including orthographic, morphological, part-of-speech, and semantic trigger features. All these features are integrated via a Hidden Markov Model with back-off modeling. Furthermore, we propose a method for biomedical abbreviation recognition and two methods for cascaded named entity recognition. Evaluation on the GENIA V3.02 and V1.1 shows that our system achieves 66.5 and 62.5 F-measure, respectively, and outperforms the previous best published system by 8.1 F-measure on the same experimental setting. The major contribution of this paper lies in its rich feature set specially designed for biomedical domain and the effective methods for abbreviation and cascaded named entity recognition. To our best knowledge, our system is the first one that copes with the cascaded phenomena.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Cancer classification and prediction using logistic regression with Bayesian gene selection.	Xiaobo Zhou,Kuang-Yu Liu,Stephen T. C. Wong	2004	In microarray-based cancer classification and prediction, gene selection is an important research problem owing to the large number of genes and the small number of experimental conditions. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to gene selection and classification using the logistic regression model. The basic idea of our approach is in conjunction with a logistic regression model to relate the gene expression with the class labels. We use Gibbs sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to discover important genes. To implement Gibbs Sampler and MCMC search, we derive a posterior distribution of selected genes given the observed data. After the important genes are identified, the same logistic regression model is then used for cancer classification and prediction. Issues for efficient implementation for the proposed method are discussed. The proposed method is evaluated against several large microarray data sets, including hereditary breast cancer, small round blue-cell tumors, and acute leukemia. The results show that the method can effectively identify important genes consistent with the known biological findings while the accuracy of the classification is also high. Finally, the robustness and sensitivity properties of the proposed method are also investigated.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using name-internal and contextual features to classify biological terms.	Manabu Torii,Sachin Kamboj,K. Vijay-Shanker	2004	There has been considerable work done recently in recognizing named entities in biomedical text. In this paper, we investigate the named entity classification task, an integral part of the named entity extraction task. We focus on the different sources of information that can be utilized for classification, and note the extent to which they are effective in classification. To classify a name, we consider features that appear within the name as well as nearby phrases. We also develop a new strategy based on the context of occurrence and show that they improve the performance of the classification system. We show how our work relates to previous works on named entity classification in the biological domain as well as to those in generic domains. The experiments were conducted on the GENIA corpus Ver. 3.0 developed at University of Tokyo. We achieve f value of 86 in 10-fold cross validation evaluation on this corpus.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Incorporating ideas from computer-supported cooperative work.	Wanda Pratt,Madhu C. Reddy,David W. McDonald,Peter Tarczy-Hornoch,John H. Gennari	2004	Many information systems have failed when deployed into complex health-care settings. We believe that one cause of these failures is the difficulty in systematically accounting for the collaborative and exception-filled nature of medical work. In this methodological review paper, we highlight research from the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) that could help biomedical informaticists recognize and design around the kinds of challenges that lead to unanticipated breakdowns and eventual abandonment of their systems. The field of CSCW studies how people collaborate with each other and the role that technology plays in this collaboration for a wide variety of organizational settings. Thus, biomedical informaticists could benefit from the lessons learned by CSCW researchers. In this paper, we provide a focused review of CSCW methods and ideas we review aspects of the field that could be applied to improve the design and deployment of medical information systems. To make our discussion concrete, we use electronic medical record systems as an example medical information system, and present three specific principles from CSCW: accounting for incentive structures, understanding workflow, and incorporating awareness.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The aging of a clinical information system.	Roy Rada,Scott Finley	2004	"The senescence of a clinical information system is more likely to have administrative than technical bases. Supporting this claim is a case study of one aging oncology information system. The case study is qualitative, as behooves the subject matter. Content analysis of several documents suggests that the change in job description of the data coordinator led to a workflow breakdown. Next, twenty-two individuals were interviewed. Notes from the interviews were coded, and the resulting patterns led to • partial support for the workflow breakdown conjecture, • refutation of the hypothesis that users disliked the character-based, human-computer interface, • support of the conjecture that political rather than technical factors drive the usage patterns of the system, and • evidence that 'political' activity will determine the future of the information system.A stakeholder matrix is proposed that addresses administrative concerns. Also, the issue of the uniqueness of any oncology clinical information system is linked to the plans for this legacy system."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Classification and knowledge discovery in protein databases.	Predrag Radivojac,Nitesh V. Chawla,A. Keith Dunker,Zoran Obradovic	2004	"We consider the problem of classification in noisy, high-dimensional, and class-imbalanced protein datasets. In order to design a complete classification system, we use a three-stage machine learning framework consisting of a feature selection stage, a method addressing noise and class-imbalance, and a method for combining biologically related tasks through a prior-knowledge based clustering. In the first stage, we employ Fisher's permutation test as a feature selection filter. Comparisons with the alternative criteria show that it may be favorable for typical protein datasets. In the second stage, noise and class imbalance are addressed by using minority class over-sampling, majority class under-sampling, and ensemble learning. The performance of logistic regression models, decision trees, and neural networks is systematically evaluated. The experimental results show that in many cases ensembles of logistic regression classifiers may outperform more expressive models due to their robustness to noise and low sample density in a high-dimensional feature space. However, ensembles of neural networks may be the best solution for large datasets. In the third stage, we use prior knowledge to partition unlabeled data such that the class distributions among non-overlapping clusters significantly differ. In our experiments, training classifiers specialized to the class distributions of each cluster resulted in a further decrease in classification error."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Improving the performance of dictionary-based approaches in protein name recognition.	Yoshimasa Tsuruoka,Jun-ichi Tsujii	2004	Dictionary-based protein name recognition is often a first step in extracting information from biomedical documents because it can provide ID information on recognized terms. However, dictionary-based approaches present two fundamental difficulties: (1) false recognition mainly caused by short names; (2) low recall due to spelling variations. In this paper, we tackle the former problem using machine learning to filter out false positives and present two alternative methods for alleviating the latter problem of spelling variations. The first is achieved by using approximate string searching, and the second by expanding the dictionary with a probabilistic variant generator, which we propose in this paper. Experimental results using the GENIA corpus revealed that filtering using a naive Bayes classifier greatly improved precision with only a slight loss of recall, resulting in 10.8% improvement in F-measure, and dictionary expansion with the variant generator gave further 1.6% improvement and achieved an F-measure of 66.6%.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	GeneWays: a system for extracting, analyzing, visualizing, and integrating molecular pathway data.	Andrey Rzhetsky,Ivan Iossifov,Tomohiro Koike,Michael Krauthammer,Pauline Kra,Mitzi Morris,Hong Yu,Pablo Ariel Duboué,Wubin Weng,W. John Wilbur	2004	GeneWays: a system for extracting, analyzing, visualizing, and integrating molecular pathway data.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Design and implementation of the GLIF3 guideline execution engine.	Dongwen Wang,Mor Peleg,Samson W. Tu,Aziz A. Boxwala,Omolola Ogunyemi,Qing T. Zeng,Robert A. Greenes,Vimla L. Patel,Edward H. Shortliffe	2004	"We have developed the GLIF3 Guideline Execution Engine (GLEE) as a tool for executing guidelines encoded in the GLIF3 format. In addition to serving as an interface to the GLIF3 guideline representation model to support the specified functions, GLEE provides defined interfaces to electronic medical records (EMRs) and other clinical applications to facilitate its integration with the clinical information system at a local institution. The execution model of GLEE takes the ""system suggests, user controls"" approach. A tracing system is used to record an individual patient's state when a guideline is applied to that patient. GLEE can also support an event-driven execution model once it is linked to the clinical event monitor in a local environment. Evaluation has shown that GLEE can be used effectively for proper execution of guidelines encoded in the GLIF3 format. When using it to execute each guideline in the evaluation, GLEE's performance duplicated that of the reference systems implementing the same guideline but taking different approaches. The execution flexibility and generality provided by GLEE, and its integration with a local environment, need to be further evaluated in clinical settings. Integration of GLEE with a specific event-monitoring and order-entry environment is the next step of our work to demonstrate its use for clinical decision support. Potential uses of GLEE also include quality assurance, guideline development, and medical education."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A framework for a distributed, hybrid, multiple-ontology clinical-guideline library, and automated guideline-support tools.	Yuval Shahar,Ohad Young,Erez Shalom,Maya Galperin,Alon Mayaffit,Robert Moskovitch,Alon Hessing	2004	Clinical guidelines are a major tool in improving the quality of medical care. However, most guidelines are in free text, not in a formal, executable format, and are not easily accessible to clinicians at the point of care. We introduce a Web-based, modular, distributed architecture, the Digital Electronic Guideline Library (DeGeL), which facilitates gradual conversion of clinical guidelines from text to a formal representation in chosen target guideline ontology. The architecture supports guideline classification, semantic markup, context-sensitive search, browsing, run-time application, and retrospective quality assessment. The DeGeL hybrM meta-ontology includes elements common to all guideline ontologies, such as semantic classification and domain knowledge; it also includes four content-representation formats: free text, semi-structured text, semi-formal representation, and a formal representation. These formats support increasingly sophisticated computational tasks. The DeGeL tools for support of guideline-based care operate, at some level, on all guideline ontologies. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the architecture and the tools for several guideline ontologies, including Asbru and GEM.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	An ontology of randomized controlled trials for evidence-based practice: content specification and evaluation using the competency decomposition method.	Ida Sim,Ben Olasov,Simona Carini	2004	Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are one of the least biased sources of clinical research evidence, and are therefore a critical resource for the practice of evidence-based medicine. With over 10,000 new RCTs indexed in Medline each year, knowledge systems are needed to help clinicians translate evidence into practice. Common ontologies for RCTs and other domains would facilitate the development of these knowledge systems. However, no standard method exists for developing domain ontologies. In this paper, we describe a new systematic approach to specifying and evaluating the conceptual content of ontologies. In this method, called competency decomposition, the target task for an ontology is hierarchically decomposed into subtasks and methods, and the ontology content is specified by identifying the domain information required to complete each of the subtasks. We illustrate the use of this competency decomposition approach for the content specification and evaluation of an RCT ontology for evidence-based practice.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The installation and support of internationally distributed equipment for people with dementia.	Timothy Adlam,Richard Faulkner,Roger Orpwood,Kerry Jones,Jurate Macijauskiene,Ausra Budraitiene	2004	The installation and support of internationally distributed equipment for people with dementia.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Perceptually tuned JPEG coder for echocardiac image compression.	Amjed S. Al-Fahoum,Ali M. Reza	2004	Perceptually tuned JPEG coder for echocardiac image compression.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	AMON: a wearable multiparameter medical monitoring and alert system.	Urs Anliker,Jamie A. Ward,Paul Lukowicz,Gerhard Tröster,François Dolveck,Michel Baer,Fatou Keita,Eran B. Schenker,Fabrizio Catarsi,Luca Coluccini,Andrea Belardinelli,Dror Shklarski,Menachem Alon,Etienne Hirt,Rolf Schmid,Milica Vuskovic	2004	AMON: a wearable multiparameter medical monitoring and alert system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A mobile teletrauma system using 3G networks.	Yuechun Chu,Aura Ganz	2004	A mobile teletrauma system using 3G networks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A digital video system for the automated measurement of repetitive joint motion.	Chunmei Lu,Nicola J. Ferrier	2004	A digital video system for the automated measurement of repetitive joint motion.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Embolic Doppler Ultrasound Signal Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transform.	Nizamettin Aydin,Farrokh Marvasti,H. S. Markus	2004	Embolic Doppler Ultrasound Signal Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transform.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An Automated Tissue Preclassification Approach for Telepathology: Implementation and Performance Analysis.	M. Barr,S. McClellan,T. Winokur,G. Vaughn	2004	An Automated Tissue Preclassification Approach for Telepathology: Implementation and Performance Analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Integrating context-aware public displays into a mobile hospital information system.	Jesús Favela,Marcela Rodríguez,Alfredo Preciado,Víctor M. González	2004	Integrating context-aware public displays into a mobile hospital information system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A Wavelet-Based Region of Interest Encoder for the Compression of Angiogram Video Sequences.	David Gibson,Michael Spann,Sandra I. Woolley	2004	A Wavelet-Based Region of Interest Encoder for the Compression of Angiogram Video Sequences.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A Prototype for Unsupervised Analysis of Tissue Microarrays for Cancer Research and Diagnostics.	Wenjin Chen,Michael Reiss,David J. Foran	2004	A Prototype for Unsupervised Analysis of Tissue Microarrays for Cancer Research and Diagnostics.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Finding the mitral annular lines from 2-D + 1-D precordial echocardiogram using graph-search technique.	Yu-Tai Ching,Shyh-Jye Chen,Chew-Liang Chang,Chih-Yang Lin,Yu-Hsian Liu	2004	Finding the mitral annular lines from 2-D + 1-D precordial echocardiogram using graph-search technique.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel mobile transtelephonic system with synthesized 12-lead ECG.	L. Hadzievski,B. Bojovic,V. Vukcevic,P. Belicev,S. Pavlovic,Z. Vasiljevic-Pokrajcic,M. Ostojic	2004	A novel mobile transtelephonic system with synthesized 12-lead ECG.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Identifying the combination of genetic factors that determine susceptibility to cervical cancer.	Jorng-Tzong Horng,Kai-Chih Hu,Li-Cheng Wu,Hsien-Da Huang,Feng-Mao Lin,Shir-Ly Huang,Horn-Cheng Lai,Ton-Yuen Chu	2004	Identifying the combination of genetic factors that determine susceptibility to cervical cancer.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Robust model-based vasculature detection in noisy biomedical images.	Vijay Mahadevan,Harihar Narasimha-Iyer,Badrinath Roysam,Howard L. Tanenbaum	2004	Robust model-based vasculature detection in noisy biomedical images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A new research challenge: persuasive technology to motivate healthy aging.	Stephen S. Intille	2004	A new research challenge: persuasive technology to motivate healthy aging.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on M-Health: Beyond Seamless Mobility and Global Wireless Health-Care Connectivity.	Robert S. H. Istepanian,Emil Jovanov,Y. T. Zhang	2004	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on M-Health: Beyond Seamless Mobility and Global Wireless Health-Care Connectivity.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The use of computer vision in an intelligent environment to support aging-in-place, safety, and independence in the home.	Alex Mihailidis,Brent Carmichael,Jennifer Boger	2004	The use of computer vision in an intelligent environment to support aging-in-place, safety, and independence in the home.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Comparison of two exploratory data analysis methods for fMRI: unsupervised clustering versus independent component analysis.	Anke Meyer-Bäse,Axel Wismüller,Oliver Lange	2004	Comparison of two exploratory data analysis methods for fMRI: unsupervised clustering versus independent component analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Unobtrusive monitoring of computer interactions to detect cognitive status in elders.	Holly Brügge Jimison,Misha Pavel,James McKanna,Jesse Pavel	2004	Unobtrusive monitoring of computer interactions to detect cognitive status in elders.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Alerts in Mobile Healthcare Applications: Requirements and Pilot Study.	Eleanna Kafeza,Dickson K. W. Chiu,Shing-Chi Cheung,Marina Kafeza	2004	Alerts in Mobile Healthcare Applications: Requirements and Pilot Study.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Multidimensional text classification for drug information.	Verayuth Lertnattee,Thanaruk Theeramunkong	2004	Multidimensional text classification for drug information.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	High-performance computing service over the Internet for intraoperative image processing.	Yasuhiro Kawasaki,Fumihiko Ino,Yasuharu Mizutani,Noriyuki Fujimoto,Toshihiko Sasama,Yoshinobu Sato,Nobuhiko Sugano,Shinichi Tamura,Kenichi Hagihara	2004	High-performance computing service over the Internet for intraoperative image processing.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A database for therapy evaluation in neurological disorders: application in epilepsy.	Mehmet Eylem Kirlangic,Jörg Holetschek,Christina Krause,Galina Ivanova	2004	A database for therapy evaluation in neurological disorders: application in epilepsy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A scalable mediator approach to process large biomedical 3-D images.	Konstantinos Liakos,Albert Burger,Richard A. Baldock	2004	A scalable mediator approach to process large biomedical 3-D images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Reconstruction of 3-D head geometry from digitized point sets: an evaluation study.	Juha Koikkalainen,Jyrki Lötjönen	2004	Reconstruction of 3-D head geometry from digitized point sets: an evaluation study.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Pervasive Healthcare.	Ilkka Korhonen,Jakob E. Bardram	2004	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Pervasive Healthcare.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	SIVA: A Hybrid Knowledge-and-Model-Based Advisory System for Intensive Care Ventilators.	Hoi-Fei Kwok,Derek A. Linkens,Mahdi Mahfouf,Gary H. Mills	2004	SIVA: A Hybrid Knowledge-and-Model-Based Advisory System for Intensive Care Ventilators.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Surgical Navigation by Autostereoscopic Image Overlay of Integral Videography.	Hongen Liao,Nobuhiko Hata,Susumu Nakajima,Makoto Iwahara,Ichiro Sakuma,Takeyoshi Dohi	2004	Surgical Navigation by Autostereoscopic Image Overlay of Integral Videography.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A wireless PDA-based physiological monitoring system for patient transport.	Yuan-Hsiang Lin,I-Chien Jan,Patrick Chow-In Ko,Yen-Yu Chen,Jau-Min Wong,Gwo-Jen Jan	2004	A wireless PDA-based physiological monitoring system for patient transport.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Multimodal and ubiquitous computing systems: supporting independent-living older users.	Mark Perry,Alan Dowdall,Lorna Lines,Kate S. Hone	2004	Multimodal and ubiquitous computing systems: supporting independent-living older users.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Using XML Technology for the Ontology-Based Semantic Integration of Life Science Databases.	Stephan Philippi,Jacob Köhler	2004	Using XML Technology for the Ontology-Based Semantic Integration of Life Science Databases.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An Automated Method for Lumen and Media-Adventitia Border Detection in a Sequence of IVUS Frames.	M. E. Plissiti,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Lampros K. Michalis,G. E. Bozios	2004	An Automated Method for Lumen and Media-Adventitia Border Detection in a Sequence of IVUS Frames.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An integrative and interactive framework for improving biomedical pattern discovery and visualization.	Haiying Wang,Francisco Azuaje,Norman D. Black	2004	An integrative and interactive framework for improving biomedical pattern discovery and visualization.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Model-Based Method for Improving the Accuracy and Repeatability of Estimating Vascular Bifurcations and Crossovers From Retinal Fundus Images.	Chia-Ling Tsai,Charles V. Stewart,Howard L. Tanenbaum,Badrinath Roysam	2004	Model-Based Method for Improving the Accuracy and Repeatability of Estimating Vascular Bifurcations and Crossovers From Retinal Fundus Images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Personal health information management system and its application in referral management.	Maisie Wang,Christopher Lau,Frederick A. Matsen III,Yongmin Kim	2004	Personal health information management system and its application in referral management.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An Evolutionary Approach for Gene Expression Patterns.	Huai-Kuang Tsai,Jinn-Moon Yang,Yuan-Fan Tsai,Cheng-Yan Kao	2004	An Evolutionary Approach for Gene Expression Patterns.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Location-aware access to hospital information and services.	Marcela D. Rodríguez,Jesús Favela,Edgar A. Martínez,Miguel A. Muñoz	2004	Location-aware access to hospital information and services.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Cluster analysis of gene expression data based on self-splitting and merging competitive learning.	Shuanhu Wu,Alan Wee-Chung Liew,Hong Yan,Mengsu Yang	2004	Cluster analysis of gene expression data based on self-splitting and merging competitive learning.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Efficient Migration of Complex Off-Line Computer Vision Software to Real-Time System Implementation on Generic Computer Hardware.	James Alexander Tyrrell,J. M. LaPre,Christopher D. Carothers,Badrinath Roysam,Charles V. Stewart	2004	Efficient Migration of Complex Off-Line Computer Vision Software to Real-Time System Implementation on Generic Computer Hardware.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An implantable telemetry platform system for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters.	Pietro Valdastri,Arianna Menciassi,Alberto Arena,Chiara Caccamo,Paolo Dario	2004	An implantable telemetry platform system for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A novel algorithm for computer-assisted measurement of cervical length from transvaginal ultrasound images.	Min Wu,Robert F. Fraser II,Chang Wen Chen	2004	A novel algorithm for computer-assisted measurement of cervical length from transvaginal ultrasound images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A smart-card-enabled privacy preserving E-prescription system.	Yanjiang Yang,Xiaoxi Han,Feng Bao,Robert H. Deng	2004	A smart-card-enabled privacy preserving E-prescription system.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The combined technique for detection of artifacts in clinical electroencephalograms of sleeping newborns.	Vitaly Schetinin,Joachim Schult	2004	The combined technique for detection of artifacts in clinical electroencephalograms of sleeping newborns.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	DBMap: a space-conscious data visualization and knowledge discovery framework for biomedical data warehouse.	Ming Zhang,Hong Zhang,Donny Tjandra,Stephen T. C. Wong	2004	DBMap: a space-conscious data visualization and knowledge discovery framework for biomedical data warehouse.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Algorithmic Fusion of Gene Expression Profiling for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Outcome Prediction.	Qiuming Zhu,Hongmei Cui,Kajia Cao,Wing C. Chan	2004	Algorithmic Fusion of Gene Expression Profiling for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Outcome Prediction.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A dynamic clinical dental relational database.	D. Taylor,Raouf N. Gorgui-Naguib,S. Boulton	2004	A dynamic clinical dental relational database.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Predictive cardiac motion modeling and correction with partial least squares regression.	Nicholas A. Ablitt,Jianxin Gao,Jennifer Keegan,Lars Stegger,David N. Firmin,Guang-Zhong Yang	2004	Predictive cardiac motion modeling and correction with partial least squares regression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An interacting multiple model probabilistic data association filter for cavity boundary extraction from ultrasound images.	Purang Abolmaesumi,Mohammad Reza Sirouspour	2004	An interacting multiple model probabilistic data association filter for cavity boundary extraction from ultrasound images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The generalized spherical homeomorphism theorem for digital images.	Lowell Abrams,Donniell E. Fishkind,Carey E. Priebe	2004	The generalized spherical homeomorphism theorem for digital images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analytic determination of the resolution-equivalent effective diameter of a pinhole collimator.	Roberto Accorsi,Scott D. Metzler	2004	Analytic determination of the resolution-equivalent effective diameter of a pinhole collimator.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"""Population"" approach improves parameter estimation of kinetic models from dynamic PET data."	Alessandra Bertoldo,Giovanni Sparacino,Claudio Cobelli	2004	"""Population"" approach improves parameter estimation of kinetic models from dynamic PET data."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Emission image reconstruction for randoms-precorrected PET allowing negative sinogram values.	Sangtae Ahn,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2004	Emission image reconstruction for randoms-precorrected PET allowing negative sinogram values.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comments on: A methodology for evaluation of boundary detection algorithms on medical images.	Carlos Alberola-López,Marcos Martín-Fernández,Juan Ruiz-Alzola	2004	Comments on: A methodology for evaluation of boundary detection algorithms on medical images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Performance of vibro-acoustography in detecting microcalcifications in excised human breast tissue: a study of 74 tissue samples.	Azra Alizad,Mostafa Fatemi,Lester E. Wold,James F. Greenleaf	2004	Performance of vibro-acoustography in detecting microcalcifications in excised human breast tissue: a study of 74 tissue samples.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging mass lesions by vibro-acoustography: modeling and experiments.	Azra Alizad,Lester E. Wold,James F. Greenleaf,Mostafa Fatemi	2004	Imaging mass lesions by vibro-acoustography: modeling and experiments.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Anatomical-based FDG-PET reconstruction for the detection of hypo-metabolic regions in epilepsy.	Kristof Baete,Johan Nuyts,Wim Van Paesschen,Paul Suetens,Patrick Dupont	2004	Anatomical-based FDG-PET reconstruction for the detection of hypo-metabolic regions in epilepsy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tomographic image reconstruction based on a content-adaptive mesh model.	Jovan G. Brankov,Yongyi Yang,Miles N. Wernick	2004	Tomographic image reconstruction based on a content-adaptive mesh model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast fully 3-D image reconstruction in PET using planograms.	David Brasse,Paul E. Kinahan,Rolf Clackdoyle,Michel Defrise,Claude Comtat,David W. Townsend	2004	Fast fully 3-D image reconstruction in PET using planograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of lesion detectability in Bayesian emission reconstruction with nonstationary object variability.	Jinyi Qi	2004	Analysis of lesion detectability in Bayesian emission reconstruction with nonstationary object variability.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust and objective decomposition and mapping of bifurcating vessels.	Luca Antiga,David A. Steinman	2004	Robust and objective decomposition and mapping of bifurcating vessels.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Propagation of errors from the sensitivity image in list mode reconstruction.	Jinyi Qi,Ronald H. Huesman	2004	Propagation of errors from the sensitivity image in list mode reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fully automatic luminal contour segmentation in intracoronary ultrasound imaging-a statistical approach.	Elisabeth Brusseau,Chris L. de Korte,Frits Mastik,Johannes A. Schaar,Anton F. W. van der Steen	2004	Fully automatic luminal contour segmentation in intracoronary ultrasound imaging-a statistical approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An accurate method for correction of head movement in PET.	Paul Bühler,Uwe Just,Edmund Will,Jörg Kotzerke,Jörg van den Hoff	2004	An accurate method for correction of head movement in PET.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstruction and quantification of the carotid artery bifurcation from 3-D ultrasound images.	Dean C. Barratt,Ben B. Ariff,Keith N. Humphries,Simon A. Thom,Alun D. Hughes	2004	Reconstruction and quantification of the carotid artery bifurcation from 3-D ultrasound images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Probabilistic independent component analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging.	Christian F. Beckmann,Stephen M. Smith	2004	Probabilistic independent component analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust real-time myocardial border tracking for echocardiography: an information fusion approach.	Dorin Comaniciu,Xiang Sean Zhou,Sriram Krishnan	2004	Robust real-time myocardial border tracking for echocardiography: an information fusion approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Normalized cuts in 3-D for spinal MRI segmentation.	Julio Carballido-Gamio,Serge J. Belongie,Sharmila Majumdar	2004	Normalized cuts in 3-D for spinal MRI segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Statistical estimation of resistance/conductance by electrical impedance tomography measurements.	Eugene Demidenko,Alex Hartov,Keith D. Paulsen	2004	Statistical estimation of resistance/conductance by electrical impedance tomography measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-dimensional myocardial strain reconstruction from tagged MRI using a cylindrical B-spline model.	Xiang Deng,Thomas S. Denney Jr.	2004	Three-dimensional myocardial strain reconstruction from tagged MRI using a cylindrical B-spline model.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracheal and central bronchial aerodynamics using virtual bronchoscopy and computational fluid dynamics.	Juan R. Cebral,Ronald M. Summers	2004	Tracheal and central bronchial aerodynamics using virtual bronchoscopy and computational fluid dynamics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An object-based approach for detecting small brain lesions: application to Virchow-Robin spaces.	Xavier Descombes,Frithjof Kruggel,Gert Wollny,Hermann Josef Gertz	2004	An object-based approach for detecting small brain lesions: application to Virchow-Robin spaces.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Atlas-based segmentation of pathological MR brain images using a model of lesion growth.	Meritxell Bach Cuadra,Claudio Pollo,Anton Bardera,Olivier Cuisenaire,Jean-Guy Villemure,Jean-Philippe Thiran	2004	Atlas-based segmentation of pathological MR brain images using a model of lesion growth.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Analysis of 3-D myocardial motion in tagged MR images using nonrigid image registration.	Raghavendra Chandrashekara,Raad Mohiaddin,Daniel Rueckert	2004	Analysis of 3-D myocardial motion in tagged MR images using nonrigid image registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Regularized image reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography.	Ji-Ho Chang,John M. M. Anderson,John R. Votaw	2004	Regularized image reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Shear modulus estimation using parallelized partial volumetric reconstruction.	Marvin M. Doyley,Eli E. W. Van Houten,John B. Weaver,Steven P. Poplack,L. Duncan,Francis E. Kennedy,Keith D. Paulsen	2004	Shear modulus estimation using parallelized partial volumetric reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantifying 3-D vascular structures in MRA images using hybrid PDE and geometric deformable models.	Jian Chen,Amir A. Amini	2004	Quantifying 3-D vascular structures in MRA images using hybrid PDE and geometric deformable models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Clustered components analysis for functional MRI.	Sea Chen,Charles A. Bouman,Mark J. Lowe	2004	Clustered components analysis for functional MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ideal observers and optimal ROC hypersurfaces in N-class classification.	Darrin C. Edwards,Charles E. Metz,Matthew A. Kupinski	2004	Ideal observers and optimal ROC hypersurfaces in N-class classification.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A similarity learning approach to content-based image retrieval: application to digital mammography.	Issam El-Naqa,Yongyi Yang,Nikolas P. Galatsanos,Robert M. Nishikawa,Miles N. Wernick	2004	A similarity learning approach to content-based image retrieval: application to digital mammography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracer kinetic modeling of /sup 11/C-acetate applied in the liver with positron emission tomography.	Sirong Chen,Chilai Ho,David Dagan Feng,Zheru Chi	2004	Tracer kinetic modeling of /sup 11/C-acetate applied in the liver with positron emission tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vascular segmentation of phase contrast magnetic resonance angiograms based on statistical mixture modeling and local phase coherence.	Albert C. S. Chung,J. Alison Noble,Paul E. Summers	2004	Vascular segmentation of phase contrast magnetic resonance angiograms based on statistical mixture modeling and local phase coherence.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interactive volume segmentation with differential image foresting transforms.	Alexandre X. Falcão,Felipe P. G. Bergo	2004	Interactive volume segmentation with differential image foresting transforms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Microwave image reconstruction from 3-D fields coupled to 2-D parameter estimation.	Qianqian Fang,Paul M. Meaney,Shireen D. Geimer,Anatoly V. Streltsov,Keith D. Paulsen	2004	Microwave image reconstruction from 3-D fields coupled to 2-D parameter estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accelerated simulation of cone beam X-ray scatter projections.	Auke-Pieter Colijn,Freek J. Beekman	2004	Accelerated simulation of cone beam X-ray scatter projections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic identification of the pectoral muscle in mammograms.	Ricardo J. Ferrari,Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,J. E. Leo Desautels,R. A. Borges,Annie France Frère	2004	Automatic identification of the pectoral muscle in mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Pulmonary airways: 3-D reconstruction from multislice CT and clinical investigation.	Catalin I. Fetita,Françoise J. Prêteux,Catherine Beigelman-Aubry,Philippe Grenier	2004	Pulmonary airways: 3-D reconstruction from multislice CT and clinical investigation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Correction to ""Pulmonary Airways: 3-D Reconstruction From Multislice CT and Clinical Investigation""."	Catalin I. Fetita,Françoise J. Prêteux,Catherine Beigelman-Aubry,Philippe Grenier	2004	"Correction to ""Pulmonary Airways: 3-D Reconstruction From Multislice CT and Clinical Investigation""."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Principal geodesic analysis for the study of nonlinear statistics of shape.	P. Thomas Fletcher,Conglin Lu,Stephen M. Pizer,Sarang C. Joshi	2004	Principal geodesic analysis for the study of nonlinear statistics of shape.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection of optic disc in retinal images by means of a geometrical model of vessel structure.	Marco Foracchia,Enrico Grisan,Alfredo Ruggeri	2004	Detection of optic disc in retinal images by means of a geometrical model of vessel structure.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An analytic method to predict the thermal map of cryosurgery iceballs in MR images.	Romain Fournial,Amidou S. Traoré,Denis Laurendeau,Christian Moisan	2004	An analytic method to predict the thermal map of cryosurgery iceballs in MR images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Population-based incremental interactive concept learning for image retrieval by stochastic string segmentations.	Sennay Ghebreab,C. Carl Jaffe,Arnold W. M. Smeulders	2004	Population-based incremental interactive concept learning for image retrieval by stochastic string segmentations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	High-resolution determination of soft tissue deformations using MRI and first-order texture correlation.	Christopher L. Gilchrist,Jessie Q. Xia,Lori A. Setton,Edward W. Hsu	2004	High-resolution determination of soft tissue deformations using MRI and first-order texture correlation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Parametric shape modeling using deformable superellipses for prostate segmentation.	Lixin Gong,Sayan D. Pathak,David R. Haynor,Paul S. Cho,Yongmin Kim	2004	Parametric shape modeling using deformable superellipses for prostate segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improved watershed transform for medical image segmentation using prior information.	Vicente Grau,Andrea J. U. Mewes,Mariano Alcañiz Raya,Ron Kikinis,Simon K. Warfield	2004	Improved watershed transform for medical image segmentation using prior information.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A method for modeling noise in medical images.	Pierre Gravel,Gilles Beaudoin,Jacques A. de Guise	2004	A method for modeling noise in medical images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Genus zero surface conformal mapping and its application to brain surface mapping.	Xianfeng Gu,Yalin Wang,Tony F. Chan,Paul M. Thompson,Shing-Tung Yau	2004	Genus zero surface conformal mapping and its application to brain surface mapping.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Depth-map-based scene analysis for active navigation in virtual angioscopy.	Pascal Haigron,Marc-Emmanuel Bellemare,Oscar Acosta,Cemil Göksu,Carine Kulik,K. Rioual,Antoine Lucas	2004	Depth-map-based scene analysis for active navigation in virtual angioscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Overdetermined least-squares aberration estimates using common-midpoint signals.	"Mark A. Haun,Douglas L. Jones,William D. O'Brien Jr."	2004	Overdetermined least-squares aberration estimates using common-midpoint signals.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Bayesian morphometry algorithm.	Edward Herskovits,Hanchuan Peng,Christos Davatzikos	2004	A Bayesian morphometry algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Characterization of spiculation on ultrasound lesions.	Sheng-Fang Huang,Ruey-Feng Chang,Dar-Ren Chen,Woo Kyung Moon	2004	Characterization of spiculation on ultrasound lesions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reconstructions of chest phantoms by the D-bar method for electrical impedance tomography.	David Isaacson,Jennifer L. Mueller,Jonathan C. Newell,Samuli Siltanen	2004	Reconstructions of chest phantoms by the D-bar method for electrical impedance tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Time delay for arrival of MR contrast agent in collateral-dependent myocardium.	Michael Jerosch-Herold,Xudong Hu,Naveen S. Murthy,Ravi T. Seethamraju	2004	Time delay for arrival of MR contrast agent in collateral-dependent myocardium.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-aided diagnosis of solid breast nodules: use of an artificial neural network based on multiple sonographic features.	Segyeong Joo,Yoon Seok Yang,Woo Kyung Moon,Hee Chan Kim	2004	Computer-aided diagnosis of solid breast nodules: use of an artificial neural network based on multiple sonographic features.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-gamma annihilation imaging in positron emission tomography.	Krzysztof Kacperski,Nicholas M. Spyrou,F. Alan Smith	2004	Three-gamma annihilation imaging in positron emission tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimating topology preserving and smooth displacement fields.	Bilge Karaçali,Christos Davatzikos	2004	Estimating topology preserving and smooth displacement fields.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Theoretical and numerical aspects of transmit SENSE.	Ulrich Katscher,Peter Börnert,Johan Samuel van den Brink	2004	Theoretical and numerical aspects of transmit SENSE.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic generation of noise-free time-activity curve with gated blood-pool emission tomography using deformation of a reference curve.	Charles Caderas de Kerleau,Jean-François Crouzet,Ehoud Ahronovitz,Michel Rossi,Denis Mariano-Goulart	2004	Automatic generation of noise-free time-activity curve with gated blood-pool emission tomography using deformation of a reference curve.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Intensity-based image registration using robust correlation coefficients.	Jeongtae Kim,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2004	Intensity-based image registration using robust correlation coefficients.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-dimensional path planning for virtual bronchoscopy.	Atilla P. Kiraly,James P. Helferty,Eric A. Hoffman,Geoffrey McLennan,William E. Higgins	2004	Three-dimensional path planning for virtual bronchoscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Assessment of perfusion by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging using a deconvolution approach based on regression and singular value decomposition.	Tong San Koh,X. Y. Wu,L. H. Cheong,C. C. T. Lim	2004	Assessment of perfusion by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging using a deconvolution approach based on regression and singular value decomposition.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tooth segmentation of dental study models using range images.	Toshiaki Kondo,S. H. Ong,Kelvin W. C. Foong	2004	Tooth segmentation of dental study models using range images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic pectoral muscle segmentation on mediolateral oblique view mammograms.	Sze Man Kwok,Ramachandran Chandrasekhar,Yianni Attikiouzel,Mary T. Rickard	2004	Automatic pectoral muscle segmentation on mediolateral oblique view mammograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A method of generalized projections (MGP) ghost correction algorithm for interleaved EPI.	Kuan J. Lee,Nikos G. Papadakis,David C. Barber,Iain D. Wilkinson,Paul D. Griffiths,Martyn N. J. Paley	2004	A method of generalized projections (MGP) ghost correction algorithm for interleaved EPI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accurate estimation of the fisher information matrix for the PET image reconstruction problem.	Quanzheng Li,Evren Asma,Jinyi Qi,James R. Bading,Richard M. Leahy	2004	Accurate estimation of the fisher information matrix for the PET image reconstruction problem.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Introduction to the special section on virtual endoscopy.	Jerome Zhengrong Liang,William E. Higgins,Ronald M. Summers,Hiro Yoshida	2004	Introduction to the special section on virtual endoscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optic nerve head segmentation.	James Lowell,Andrew Hunter,David Steel,Ansu Basu,Robert Ryder,Eric Fletcher,Lee Kennedy	2004	Optic nerve head segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measurement of retinal vessel widths from fundus images based on 2-D modeling.	James Lowell,Andrew Hunter,David Steel,Ansu Basu,Robert Ryder,Richard Lee Kennedy	2004	Measurement of retinal vessel widths from fundus images based on 2-D modeling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Object-based morphometry of the cerebral cortex.	Jean-Francois Mangin,Denis Rivière,Arnaud Cachia,Edouard Duchesnay,Yann Cointepas,Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos,D. Louis Collins,Alan C. Evans,Jean Régis	2004	Object-based morphometry of the cerebral cortex.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Artifact analysis and reconstruction improvement in helical cardiac cone beam CT.	Robert Manzke,Michael Grass,David J. Hawkes	2004	Artifact analysis and reconstruction improvement in helical cardiac cone beam CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation of the hemodynamic response in event-related functional MRI: Bayesian networks as a framework for efficient Bayesian modeling and inference.	Guillaume Marrelec,Philippe Ciuciu,Mélanie Pélégrini-Issac,Habib Benali	2004	Estimation of the hemodynamic response in event-related functional MRI: Bayesian networks as a framework for efficient Bayesian modeling and inference.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Constructing diffeomorphic representations for the groupwise analysis of nonrigid registrations of medical images.	Stephen Marsland,Carole J. Twining	2004	Constructing diffeomorphic representations for the groupwise analysis of nonrigid registrations of medical images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Iterative tomographic image reconstruction using Fourier-based forward and back-projectors.	Samuel Matej,Jeffrey A. Fessler,Ivan G. Kazantsev	2004	Iterative tomographic image reconstruction using Fourier-based forward and back-projectors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multimodal registration of retinal images using self organizing maps.	George K. Matsopoulos,Pantelis Asvestas,Nicolaos A. Mouravliansky,Konstantinos K. Delibasis	2004	Multimodal registration of retinal images using self organizing maps.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noninvasive vascular elastography: theoretical framework.	Roch L. Maurice,Jacques Ohayon,Yves Frétigny,Michel Bertrand,Gilles Soulez,Guy Cloutier	2004	Noninvasive vascular elastography: theoretical framework.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noise equalization for detection of microcalcification clusters in direct digital mammogram images.	Kristin J. McLoughlin,Philip J. Bones,Nico Karssemeijer	2004	Noise equalization for detection of microcalcification clusters in direct digital mammogram images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A modified uniform Cramer-Rao bound for multiple pinhole aperture design.	L. J. Meng,Neal H. Clinthorne	2004	A modified uniform Cramer-Rao bound for multiple pinhole aperture design.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic quality control for wavelet-based compression of volumetric medical images using distortion-constrained adaptive vector quantization.	Shaou-Gang Miaou,Shih-Tse Chen	2004	Automatic quality control for wavelet-based compression of volumetric medical images using distortion-constrained adaptive vector quantization.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Phase unwrapping for 2-D blind deconvolution of ultrasound images.	Oleg V. Michailovich,Dan Adam	2004	Phase unwrapping for 2-D blind deconvolution of ultrasound images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improving the use of vibro-acoustography for brachytherapy metal seed imaging: A feasibility study.	Farid G. Mitri,Philippe Trompette,Jean-Yves Chapelon	2004	Improving the use of vibro-acoustography for brachytherapy metal seed imaging: A feasibility study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A quantitative analysis of 3-D coronary modeling from two or more projection images.	Babak Movassaghi,Volker Rasche,Michael Grass,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2004	A quantitative analysis of 3-D coronary modeling from two or more projection images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Object dependency of resolution in reconstruction algorithms with interiteration filtering applied to PET data.	Sanida Mustafovic,Kris Thielemans	2004	Object dependency of resolution in reconstruction algorithms with interiteration filtering applied to PET data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Quantitative evaluation of image-based distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging.	Thomas Netsch,Arianne van Muiswinkel	2004	Quantitative evaluation of image-based distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Low dimensional adaptive texture feature vectors from class distance and class difference matrices.	Birgitte Nielsen,Fritz Albregtsen,Håvard E. Danielsen	2004	Low dimensional adaptive texture feature vectors from class distance and class difference matrices.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	General reconstruction theory for multislice X-ray computed tomography with a gantry tilt.	Frédéric Noo,Michel Defrise,Hiroyuki Kudo	2004	General reconstruction theory for multislice X-ray computed tomography with a gantry tilt.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Differentiation and characterization of rat mammary fibroadenomas and 4T1 mouse carcinomas using quantitative ultrasound imaging.	"Michael L. Oelze,William D. O'Brien Jr.,James P. Blue,James F. Zachary"	2004	Differentiation and characterization of rat mammary fibroadenomas and 4T1 mouse carcinomas using quantitative ultrasound imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Surface normal overlap: a computer-aided detection algorithm with application to colonic polyps and lung nodules in helical CT.	David S. Paik,Christopher F. Beaulieu,Geoffrey D. Rubin,Burak Acar,R. Brooke Jeffrey Jr.,Judy Yee,Joyoni Dey,Sandy Napel	2004	Surface normal overlap: a computer-aided detection algorithm with application to colonic polyps and lung nodules in helical CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Electrical conductivity imaging using gradient B/sub z/ decomposition algorithm in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT).	Chunjae Park,Ohin Kwon,Eung Je Woo,Jin Keun Seo	2004	Electrical conductivity imaging using gradient B/sub z/ decomposition algorithm in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT).
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ultrasound elastography based on multiscale estimations of regularized displacement fields.	Claire Pellot-Barakat,Frédérique Frouin,Michael F. Insana,Alain Herment	2004	Ultrasound elastography based on multiscale estimations of regularized displacement fields.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration-based interpolation.	Graeme P. Penney,Julia A. Schnabel,Daniel Rueckert,Max A. Viergever,Wiro J. Niessen	2004	Registration-based interpolation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	f-information measures in medical image registration.	Josien P. W. Pluim,J. B. Antoine Maintz,Max A. Viergever	2004	f-information measures in medical image registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Performance-based classifier combination in atlas-based image segmentation using expectation-maximization parameter estimation.	Torsten Rohlfing,Daniel B. Russakoff,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	2004	Performance-based classifier combination in atlas-based image segmentation using expectation-maximization parameter estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatial transformation of motion and deformation fields using nonrigid registration.	Anil Rao,Raghavendra Chandrashekara,Gerardo I. Sanchez-Ortiz,Raad Mohiaddin,Paul Aljabar,Joseph V. Hajnal,Basant K. Puri,Daniel Rueckert	2004	Spatial transformation of motion and deformation fields using nonrigid registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Motion gradient vector flow: an external force for tracking rolling leukocytes with shape and size constrained active contours.	Nilanjan Ray,Scott T. Acton	2004	Motion gradient vector flow: an external force for tracking rolling leukocytes with shape and size constrained active contours.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Iso-shaping rigid bodies for estimating their motion from image sequences.	Punam K. Saha,Jayaram K. Udupa,Alexandre X. Falcão,Bruce Elliot Hirsch,Sorin Siegler	2004	Iso-shaping rigid bodies for estimating their motion from image sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Measurement of trabecular bone thickness in the limited resolution regime of in vivo MRI by fuzzy distance transform.	Punam K. Saha,Felix W. Wehrli	2004	Measurement of trabecular bone thickness in the limited resolution regime of in vivo MRI by fuzzy distance transform.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonnegative matrix factorization for rapid recovery of constituent spectra in magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging of the brain.	Paul Sajda,Shuyan Du,Truman R. Brown,Radka Stoyanova,Dikoma C. Shungu,Xiangling Mao,Lucas C. Parra	2004	Nonnegative matrix factorization for rapid recovery of constituent spectra in magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging of the brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Sampling and aliasing consequences of quarter-detector offset use in helical CT.	Patrick J. La Rivière,Xiaochuan Pan	2004	Sampling and aliasing consequences of quarter-detector offset use in helical CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-independent method for fMRI analysis.	"Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh,Donald J. Peck,David O. Hearshen,Renee R. Lajiness-O'Neill"	2004	Model-independent method for fMRI analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Compensation for nonuniform resolution using penalized-likelihood reconstruction in space-variant imaging systems.	J. Webster Stayman,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2004	Compensation for nonuniform resolution using penalized-likelihood reconstruction in space-variant imaging systems.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Efficient calculation of resolution and covariance for penalized-likelihood reconstruction in fully 3-D SPECT.	J. Webster Stayman,Jeffrey A. Fessler	2004	Efficient calculation of resolution and covariance for penalized-likelihood reconstruction in fully 3-D SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Experimental fluorescence tomography of tissues with noncontact measurements.	Ralf B. Schulz,Jorge Ripoll,Vasilis Ntziachristos	2004	Experimental fluorescence tomography of tissues with noncontact measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accurate template-based correction of brain MRI intensity distortion with application to dementia and aging.	Colin Studholme,Valerie Cardenas,Enmin Song,Frank Ezekiel,Andrew Maudsley,Michael Weiner	2004	Accurate template-based correction of brain MRI intensity distortion with application to dementia and aging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Respiratory motion of the heart from free breathing coronary angiograms.	Guy Shechter,Cengizhan Ozturk,Jon R. Resar,Elliot R. McVeigh	2004	Respiratory motion of the heart from free breathing coronary angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Adaptive averaging for improved SNR in real-time coronary artery MRI.	Marshall S. Sussman,Normand Robert,Graham A. Wright	2004	Adaptive averaging for improved SNR in real-time coronary artery MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration of real-time 3-D ultrasound images of the heart for novel 3-D stress echocardiography.	Raj Shekhar,Vladimir Zagrodsky,Mario J. Garcia,James D. Thomas	2004	Registration of real-time 3-D ultrasound images of the heart for novel 3-D stress echocardiography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Extraction of left ventricular contours from left ventriculograms by means of a neural edge detector.	Kenji Suzuki,Isao Horiba,Noboru Sugie,Michio Nanki	2004	Extraction of left ventricular contours from left ventriculograms by means of a neural edge detector.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Sphere-filled organ model for virtual surgery system.	Shigeyuki Suzuki,Naoki Suzuki,Asaki Hattori,Akihiko Uchiyama,Susumu Kobayashi	2004	Sphere-filled organ model for virtual surgery system.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Special Section: Selection of Papers From IPMI 2003.	Christopher J. Taylor,J. Alison Noble	2004	Special Section: Selection of Papers From IPMI 2003.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation of displacement vectors and strain tensors in elastography using angular insonifications.	Udomchai Techavipoo,Quan Chen,Tomy Varghese,James A. Zagzebski	2004	Estimation of displacement vectors and strain tensors in elastography using angular insonifications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Thickness correction of mammographic images by means of a global parameter model of the compressed breast.	Peter R. Snoeren,Nico Karssemeijer	2004	Thickness correction of mammographic images by means of a global parameter model of the compressed breast.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina.	Joes Staal,Michael D. Abràmoff,Meindert Niemeijer,Max A. Viergever,Bram van Ginneken	2004	Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	High-resolution 3-D shape integration of dentition and face measured by new laser scanner.	Taiji Sohmura,Mitsumasa Nagao,Motoyuki Sakai,Kazumichi Wakabayashi,Tetsuya Kojima,Souichirou Kinuta,Takashi Nakamura,Junzo Takahashi	2004	High-resolution 3-D shape integration of dentition and face measured by new laser scanner.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic identification of bacterial types using statistical imaging methods.	Sigal Trattner,Hayit Greenspan,Gabi Tepper,Shimon Abboud	2004	Automatic identification of bacterial types using statistical imaging methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Chebyshev series for designing RF pulses employing an optimal control approach.	Jose Luis Ulloa,Marcello Guarini,Andres Guesalaga,Pablo Irarrazaval	2004	Chebyshev series for designing RF pulses employing an optimal control approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Kinetic parameter estimation from renal measurements with a three-headed SPECT system: a Simulation study.	Eleonora Vanzi,Andreas Robert Formiconi,Dino Bindi,Giuseppe La Cava,Alberto Pupi	2004	Kinetic parameter estimation from renal measurements with a three-headed SPECT system: a Simulation study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interactive virtual endoscopy in coronary arteries based on multimodality fusion.	Andreas Wahle,Mark E. Olszewski,Milan Sonka	2004	Interactive virtual endoscopy in coronary arteries based on multimodality fusion.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A constrained variational principle for direct estimation and smoothing of the diffusion tensor field from complex DWI.	Zhizhou Wang,Baba C. Vemuri,Yunmei Chen,Thomas H. Mareci	2004	A constrained variational principle for direct estimation and smoothing of the diffusion tensor field from complex DWI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE): an algorithm for the validation of image segmentation.	Simon K. Warfield,Kelly H. Zou,William M. Wells III	2004	Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE): an algorithm for the validation of image segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Modality independent elastography (MIE): a new approach to elasticity imaging.	Chad W. Washington,Michael I. Miga	2004	Modality independent elastography (MIE): a new approach to elasticity imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Designing optically tracked instruments for image-guided surgery.	Jay B. West,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	2004	Designing optically tracked instruments for image-guided surgery.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Visual and quantitative evaluation of selected image combination schemes in ultrasound spatial compound scanning.	Jens E. Wilhjelm,M. S. Jensen,S. K. Jespersen,B. Sahl,E. Falk	2004	Visual and quantitative evaluation of selected image combination schemes in ultrasound spatial compound scanning.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Multiscale vessel tracking.	Onno Wink,Wiro J. Niessen,Max A. Viergever	2004	Multiscale vessel tracking.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Denoising functional MR images: a comparison of wavelet denoising and Gaussian smoothing.	Alle Meije Wink,Jos B. T. M. Roerdink	2004	Denoising functional MR images: a comparison of wavelet denoising and Gaussian smoothing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fully Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling of FMRI data.	Mark William Woolrich,Mark Jenkinson,J. Michael Brady,Stephen M. Smith	2004	Fully Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling of FMRI data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An adaptive level set segmentation on a triangulated mesh.	Meihe Xu,Paul M. Thompson,Arthur W. Toga	2004	An adaptive level set segmentation on a triangulated mesh.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Determining correspondence in 3-D MR brain images using attribute vectors as morphological signatures of voxels.	Zhong Xue,Dinggang Shen,Christos Davatzikos	2004	Determining correspondence in 3-D MR brain images using attribute vectors as morphological signatures of voxels.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improvement of depth position in 2-D/3-D registration of knee implants using single-plane fluoroscopy.	Takaharu Yamazaki,Tetsu Watanabe,Yoshikazu Nakajima,Kazuomi Sugamoto,Tetsuya Tomita,Hideki Yoshikawa,Shinichi Tamura	2004	Improvement of depth position in 2-D/3-D registration of knee implants using single-plane fluoroscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Neighbor-constrained segmentation with level set based 3-D deformable models.	Jing Yang,Lawrence H. Staib,James S. Duncan	2004	Neighbor-constrained segmentation with level set based 3-D deformable models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Long bone panoramas from fluoroscopic X-ray images.	Ziv Yaniv,Leo Joskowicz	2004	Long bone panoramas from fluoroscopic X-ray images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Colonic polyp segmentation in CT colonography-based on fuzzy clustering and deformable models.	Jianhua Yao,Meghan Miller,Marek Franaszek,Ronald M. Summers	2004	Colonic polyp segmentation in CT colonography-based on fuzzy clustering and deformable models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	High-resolution functional vascular assessment with ultrasound.	Chih-Kuang Yeh,Katherine W. Ferrara,Dustin E. Kruse	2004	High-resolution functional vascular assessment with ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A computer-aided diagnosis for locating abnormalities in bone scintigraphy by a fuzzy system with a three-step minimization approach.	Tang-Kai Yin,Nan-Tsing Chiu	2004	A computer-aided diagnosis for locating abnormalities in bone scintigraphy by a fuzzy system with a three-step minimization approach.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Digital subtraction bowel cleansing for CT colonography using morphological and linear filtration methods.	Michael E. Zalis,James Perumpillichira,Peter F. Hahn	2004	Digital subtraction bowel cleansing for CT colonography using morphological and linear filtration methods.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonuniform noise propagation by using the ramp filter in fan-beam computed tomography.	Gengsheng L. Zeng	2004	Nonuniform noise propagation by using the ramp filter in fan-beam computed tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A modeling approach for burn scar assessment using natural features and elastic property.	Yong Zhang,Dmitry B. Goldgof,Sudeep Sarkar,Leonid V. Tsap	2004	A modeling approach for burn scar assessment using natural features and elastic property.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated optimization of JPEG 2000 encoder options based on model observer performance for detecting variable signals in X-ray coronary angiograms.	Yani Zhang,Binh Pham,Miguel P. Eckstein	2004	Automated optimization of JPEG 2000 encoder options based on model observer performance for detecting variable signals in X-ray coronary angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of JPEG 2000 encoder options: human and model observer detection of variable signals in X-ray coronary angiograms.	Yani Zhang,Binh Pham,Miguel P. Eckstein	2004	Evaluation of JPEG 2000 encoder options: human and model observer detection of variable signals in X-ray coronary angiograms.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated segmentation of lumbar vertebrae in digital videofluoroscopic images.	Yalin Zheng,Mark S. Nixon,Robert Allen	2004	Automated segmentation of lumbar vertebrae in digital videofluoroscopic images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image denoising based on multiscale singularity detection for cone beam CT breast imaging.	Junmei Zhong,Ruola Ning,David Conover	2004	Image denoising based on multiscale singularity detection for cone beam CT breast imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Linear structures in mammographic images: detection and classification.	Reyer Zwiggelaar,Susan M. Astley,Caroline R. M. Boggis,Christopher J. Taylor	2004	Linear structures in mammographic images: detection and classification.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: The Asthma Kiosk: A Patient-centered Technology for Collaborative Decision Support in the Emergency Department.	Stephen C. Porter,Zhaohui Cai,William Gribbons,Donald A. Goldmann,Isaac S. Kohane	2004	Application of Information Technology: The Asthma Kiosk: A Patient-centered Technology for Collaborative Decision Support in the Emergency Department.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Bhosle and Sansgiry.	Joan S. Ash,James D. Carpenter	2004	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Bhosle and Sansgiry.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Encoding of Clinical Documents Based on Natural Language Processing.	Carol Friedman,Lyudmila Shagina,Yves A. Lussier,George Hripcsak	2004	Research Paper: Automated Encoding of Clinical Documents Based on Natural Language Processing.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Overcoming Structural Constraints to Patient Utilization of Electronic Medical Records: A Critical Review and Proposal for an Evaluation Framework.	Warren J. Winkelman,Kevin J. Leonard	2004	Application of Information Technology: Overcoming Structural Constraints to Patient Utilization of Electronic Medical Records: A Critical Review and Proposal for an Evaluation Framework.
JAMIA	Review Paper: The InterMed Approach to Sharable Computer-interpretable Guidelines: A Review.	Mor Peleg,Aziz A. Boxwala,Samson W. Tu,Qing Zeng,Omolola Ogunyemi,Dongwen Wang,Vimla L. Patel,Robert A. Greenes,Edward H. Shortliffe	2004	Review Paper: The InterMed Approach to Sharable Computer-interpretable Guidelines: A Review.
JAMIA	Synthesis of Research Paper: Overview of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI).	Lynn McQueen,Brian S. Mittman,John G. Demakis	2004	Synthesis of Research Paper: Overview of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI).
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: The Student Editorial Board: Peer Review Education in Biomedical Informatics.	Kevin B. Johnson,Randolph A. Miller	2004	Editorial Comments: The Student Editorial Board: Peer Review Education in Biomedical Informatics.
JAMIA	Book Review: Handheld Computers for Doctors.	Joel R. Aronoff,Kevin B. Johnson	2004	Book Review: Handheld Computers for Doctors.
JAMIA	Case Report: Computerized Reminders Reduce the Use of Medications during Shortages.	Benjamin Bogucki,Brian R. Jacobs,John Hingle	2004	Case Report: Computerized Reminders Reduce the Use of Medications during Shortages.
JAMIA	"Special Feature: AMIA President's Awards, 2003."	W. Ed Hammond	2004	"Special Feature: AMIA President's Awards, 2003."
JAMIA	Book Review: Perl Programming for Biologists.	Tricia A. Thornton-Wells,Kevin B. Johnson	2004	Book Review: Perl Programming for Biologists.
JAMIA	Special Feature: Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to William Edward Hammond II, PhD.	William W. Stead	2004	Special Feature: Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to William Edward Hammond II, PhD.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Electronic Screening of Dictated Reports to Identify Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Status.	Dominik Aronsky,Evelyn Kasworm,Jay A. Jacobson,Peter J. Haug,Nathan C. Dean	2004	Research Paper: Electronic Screening of Dictated Reports to Identify Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Status.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of Electronic Medical Record Data for Quality Improvement in Schizophrenia Treatment.	Richard R. Owen,Carol R. Thrush,Dale Cannon,Kevin L. Sloan,Geoff Curran,Teresa Hudson,Mark Austen,Mona Ritchie	2004	Research Paper: Use of Electronic Medical Record Data for Quality Improvement in Schizophrenia Treatment.
JAMIA	Case Report: Audience Response Made Easy: Using Personal Digital Assistants as a Classroom Polling Tool.	Anil S. Menon,Shannon Moffett,Melissa Enriquez,Miriam M. Martinez,Parvati Dev,Todd Grappone	2004	Case Report: Audience Response Made Easy: Using Personal Digital Assistants as a Classroom Polling Tool.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of a Patient-Accessible Electronic Medical Record in a Practice for Congestive Heart Failure: Patient and Physician Experiences.	Mark A. Earnest,Stephen E. Ross,Loretta Wittevrongel,Laurie A. Moore,Chen-Tan Lin	2004	Research Paper: Use of a Patient-Accessible Electronic Medical Record in a Practice for Congestive Heart Failure: Patient and Physician Experiences.
JAMIA	"Letter to the Editor: Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems: Is the Pharmacist'S Role Justified?"	Monali Bhosle,Sujit S. Sansgiry	2004	"Letter to the Editor: Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems: Is the Pharmacist'S Role Justified?"
JAMIA	Case Report: Understanding Implementation: The Case of a Computerized Physician Order Entry System in a Large Dutch University Medical Center.	Jos Aarts,Hans Doorewaard,Marc Berg	2004	Case Report: Understanding Implementation: The Case of a Computerized Physician Order Entry System in a Large Dutch University Medical Center.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: PalmCIS: A Wireless Handheld Application for Satisfying Clinician Information Needs.	Elizabeth S. Chen,Eneida A. Mendonça,Lawrence K. McKnight,Peter D. Stetson,Jianbo Lei,James J. Cimino	2004	Application of Information Technology: PalmCIS: A Wireless Handheld Application for Satisfying Clinician Information Needs.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Patient Experiences and Attitudes about Access to a Patient Electronic Health Care Record and Linked Web Messaging.	Andrea Hassol,James M. Walker,David Kidder,Kim Rokita,David Young,Steven Pierdon,Deborah Deitz,Sarah Kuck,Eduardo Ortiz	2004	Research Paper: Patient Experiences and Attitudes about Access to a Patient Electronic Health Care Record and Linked Web Messaging.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Human Factors Barriers to the Effective Use of Ten HIV Clinical Reminders.	Emily S. Patterson,Anh D. Nguyen,James P. Halloran,Steven M. Asch	2004	Research Paper: Human Factors Barriers to the Effective Use of Ten HIV Clinical Reminders.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Modeling Patients' Acceptance of Provider-delivered E-health."	E. Vance Wilson,Nancy K. Lankton	2004	"Research Paper: Modeling Patients' Acceptance of Provider-delivered E-health."
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Translating Research into Practice: Organizational Issues in Implementing Automated Decision Support for Hypertension in Three Medical Centers.	"Mary K. Goldstein,Robert W. Coleman,Samson W. Tu,Ravi D. Shankar,Martin J. O'Connor,Mark A. Musen,Susana B. Martins,Philip W. Lavori,Michael G. Shlipak,Eugene Oddone,Aneel A. Advani,Parisa Gholami,Brian B. Hoffman"	2004	Application of Information Technology: Translating Research into Practice: Organizational Issues in Implementing Automated Decision Support for Hypertension in Three Medical Centers.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Some Unintended Consequences of Information Technology in Health Care: The Nature of Patient Care Information System-related Errors.	Joan S. Ash,Marc Berg,Enrico W. Coiera	2004	Viewpoint Paper: Some Unintended Consequences of Information Technology in Health Care: The Nature of Patient Care Information System-related Errors.
JAMIA	Case Report: Information Resources Used in Antimicrobial Prescribing.	Jonathan S. Sellman,Douglas Decarolis,Anne Schullo-Feulner,David B. Nelson,Gregory A. Filice	2004	Case Report: Information Resources Used in Antimicrobial Prescribing.
JAMIA	Case Report: Enhancing Entrepreneurship and Professionalism in Medical Informatics Instruction: A Collaborative Training Model.	Cathryn A. Carroll,Walt Rychlewski,Marty Teat,Darrin Clawson	2004	Case Report: Enhancing Entrepreneurship and Professionalism in Medical Informatics Instruction: A Collaborative Training Model.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Using Computer Technology to Detect, Measure, and Prevent Adverse Drug Events.	Reed M. Gardner,R. Scott Evans	2004	Editorial Comments: Using Computer Technology to Detect, Measure, and Prevent Adverse Drug Events.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Organization and Representation of Patient Safety Data: Current Status and Issues around Generalizability and Scalability.	Aziz A. Boxwala,Meghan Dierks,Maura Keenan,Susan Jackson,Robert Hanscom,David W. Bates,Luke Sato	2004	Review Paper: Organization and Representation of Patient Safety Data: Current Status and Issues around Generalizability and Scalability.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Do clinicians use online evidence to support patient care? a study of 55, 000 clinicians.	Johanna I. Westbrook,A. Sophie Gosling,Enrico W. Coiera	2004	Research Paper: Do clinicians use online evidence to support patient care? a study of 55, 000 clinicians.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Take Note(s): Differential EHR Satisfaction with Two Implementations under One Roof.	"Ryan T. O'Connell,Christine Cho,Nidhi Shah,Karen Brown,Richard N. Shiffman"	2004	Research Paper: Take Note(s): Differential EHR Satisfaction with Two Implementations under One Roof.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Strategies for Detecting Adverse Drug Events among Older Persons in the Ambulatory Setting.	Terry S. Field,Jerry H. Gurwitz,Leslie R. Harrold,Jeffrey M. Rothschild,Kristin Debellis,Andrew C. Seger,Leslie S. Fish,Lawrence Garber,Michael Kelleher,David W. Bates	2004	Research Paper: Strategies for Detecting Adverse Drug Events among Older Persons in the Ambulatory Setting.
JAMIA	Case Report: Exploring the Portability of Informatics Capabilities from a Clinical Application to a Bioscience Application.	Mark A. Shifman,Ranjana Srivastava,Cynthia Brandt,Tong-Ruei Li,Kevin White,Perry L. Miller	2004	Case Report: Exploring the Portability of Informatics Capabilities from a Clinical Application to a Bioscience Application.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Structured Representation of the Pharmacodynamics Section of the Summary of Product Characteristics for Antibiotics: Application for Automated Extraction and Visualization of Their Antimicrobial Activity Spectra.	Catherine Duclos,Gian Luigi Cartolano,Michael Ghez,Alain Venot	2004	Model Formulation: Structured Representation of the Pharmacodynamics Section of the Summary of Product Characteristics for Antibiotics: Application for Automated Extraction and Visualization of Their Antimicrobial Activity Spectra.
JAMIA	Brief Review: Cellular Radio Telecommunication for Health Care: Benefits and Risks.	Charles Sneiderman,Michael J. Ackerman	2004	Brief Review: Cellular Radio Telecommunication for Health Care: Benefits and Risks.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Trial of Automated Safety Alerts for Inpatient Digoxin Use with Computerized Physician Order Entry.	William L. Galanter,Audrius Polikaitis,Robert J. Didomenico	2004	Research Paper: A Trial of Automated Safety Alerts for Inpatient Digoxin Use with Computerized Physician Order Entry.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Pragmatics of Implementing Guidelines on the Front Lines.	Lemuel R. Waitman,Randolph A. Miller	2004	Editorial Comments: Pragmatics of Implementing Guidelines on the Front Lines.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: An Enriched Unified Medical Language System Semantic Network with a Multiple Subsumption Hierarchy.	Li Zhang,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,James Geller,James J. Cimino	2004	Model Formulation: An Enriched Unified Medical Language System Semantic Network with a Multiple Subsumption Hierarchy.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Impacts of Computerized Physician Documentation in a Teaching Hospital: Perceptions of Faculty and Resident Physicians.	Peter J. Embi,Thomas R. Yackel,Judith R. Logan,Judith L. Bowen,Thomas G. Cooney,Paul N. Gorman	2004	Research Paper: Impacts of Computerized Physician Documentation in a Teaching Hospital: Perceptions of Faculty and Resident Physicians.
JAMIA	Case Report: Experience in Implementing Inpatient Clinical Note Capture via a Provider Order Entry System.	S. Trent Rosenbloom,Jonathan Grande,Antoine Geissbühler,Randolph A. Miller	2004	Case Report: Experience in Implementing Inpatient Clinical Note Capture via a Provider Order Entry System.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) into an Electronic Health Record to Create Indicators of Function: Proof of Concept Using the SF-12.	Nancy E. Mayo,Lise Poissant,Sara Ahmed,Lois Finch,Johanne Higgins,Nancy M. Salbach,Judith Soicher,Susan Jaglal	2004	Research Paper: Incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) into an Electronic Health Record to Create Indicators of Function: Proof of Concept Using the SF-12.
JAMIA	Special Feature: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2003.	Edward H. Shortliffe	2004	Special Feature: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2003.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: e-Consent: The Design And Implementation of Consumer Consent Mechanisms in an Electronic Environment.	Enrico W. Coiera,Roger Clarke	2004	Viewpoint Paper: e-Consent: The Design And Implementation of Consumer Consent Mechanisms in an Electronic Environment.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Computer Alerts for Potassium Testing: Resisting the Temptation of a Blanket Approach.	Ashish Atreja,Neil Mehta,Anil Jain,C. Martin Harris	2004	Letter to the Editor: Computer Alerts for Potassium Testing: Resisting the Temptation of a Blanket Approach.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Informatics Resources to Support Health Care Quality Improvement in the Veterans Health Administration.	Denise M. Hynes,Ruth A. Perrin,Steven Rappaport,Joanne M. Stevens,John G. Demakis	2004	Review Paper: Informatics Resources to Support Health Care Quality Improvement in the Veterans Health Administration.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Characteristics and Consequences of Drug Allergy Alert Overrides in a Computerized Physician Order Entry System.	Tyken C. Hsieh,Gilad J. Kuperman,Tonushree Jaggi,Patricia Hojnowski-Diaz,Julie M. Fiskio,Deborah H. Williams,David W. Bates,Tejal K. Gandhi	2004	Research Paper: Characteristics and Consequences of Drug Allergy Alert Overrides in a Computerized Physician Order Entry System.
JAMIA	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Atreja et al.	Isaac Hoch,Anthony D. Heymann,Irena Kurman,Liora J. Valinsky,Gabriel Chodick,Varda Shalev	2004	Letter to the Editor: Reply to Atreja et al.
JAMIA	Case Report: A Drug Database Model as a Central Element for Computer-Supported Dose Adjustment within a CPOE System.	Peter Martin,Walter E. Haefeli,Meret Martin-Facklam	2004	Case Report: A Drug Database Model as a Central Element for Computer-Supported Dose Adjustment within a CPOE System.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Implementing Syndromic Surveillance: A Practical Guide Informed by the Early Experience.	Kenneth D. Mandl,J. Marc Overhage,Michael M. Wagner,William B. Lober,Paola Sebastiani,Farzad Mostashari,Julie A. Pavlin,Per H. Gesteland,Tracee Treadwell,Eileen Koski,Lori Hutwagner,David L. Buckeridge,Raymond D. Aller,Shaun J. Grannis	2004	Review Paper: Implementing Syndromic Surveillance: A Practical Guide Informed by the Early Experience.
JAMIA	Technical Brief: OpenSDE: Row Modeling Applied to Generic Structured Data Entry.	Renske K. Los,Astrid M. van Ginneken,Marcel de Wilde,Johan van der Lei	2004	Technical Brief: OpenSDE: Row Modeling Applied to Generic Structured Data Entry.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated E-mail Messaging as a Tool for Improving Quit Rates in an Internet Smoking Cessation Intervention.	Leslie Lenert,Ricardo F. Muñoz,John E. Perez,Aditya Bansod	2004	Research Paper: Automated E-mail Messaging as a Tool for Improving Quit Rates in an Internet Smoking Cessation Intervention.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Simple and Practical Dictionary-based Approach for Identification of Proteins in Medline Abstracts.	Sergei Egorov,Anton Yuryev,Nikolai Daraselia	2004	Research Paper: A Simple and Practical Dictionary-based Approach for Identification of Proteins in Medline Abstracts.
JAMIA	Case Report: A Comparison of Multiple Data Sources to Identify Vaccinations for Veterans with Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders.	Frances M. Weaver,Michael Hatzakis,Charlesnika T. Evans,Bridget Smith,Sherri L. LaVela,Carolyn Wallace,Marcia W. Legro,Barry Goldstein	2004	Case Report: A Comparison of Multiple Data Sources to Identify Vaccinations for Veterans with Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Development of a Provisional Domain Model for the Nursing Process for Use within the Health Level 7 Reference Information Model.	William T. F. Goossen,Judy G. Ozbolt,Amy Coenen,Hyeoun-Ae Park,Charles N. Mead,Margareta Ehnfors,Heimar F. Marin	2004	Model Formulation: Development of a Provisional Domain Model for the Nursing Process for Use within the Health Level 7 Reference Information Model.
JAMIA	White Paper: Bridging the Digital Divide: Reaching Vulnerable Populations.	Betty L. Chang,Suzanne Bakken,S. Scott Brown,Thomas K. Houston,Gary L. Kreps,Rita Kukafka,Charles Safran,P. Zoë Stavri	2004	White Paper: Bridging the Digital Divide: Reaching Vulnerable Populations.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Managing Complex Change in Clinical Study Metadata.	Cynthia Brandt,Rohit Gadagkar,Cesar Rodriguez,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2004	Application of Information Technology: Managing Complex Change in Clinical Study Metadata.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Bridging the Guideline Implementation Gap: A Systematic, Document-Centered Approach to Guideline Implementation.	Richard N. Shiffman,George Michel,Abdelwaheb Essaihi,Elizabeth Thornquist	2004	Model Formulation: Bridging the Guideline Implementation Gap: A Systematic, Document-Centered Approach to Guideline Implementation.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Comparative Impact of Guidelines, Clinical Data, and Decision Support on Prescribing Decisions: An Interactive Web Experiment with Simulated Cases.	Vitali Sintchenko,Enrico W. Coiera,Jonathan R. Iredell,Gwendolyn L. Gilbert	2004	Research Paper: Comparative Impact of Guidelines, Clinical Data, and Decision Support on Prescribing Decisions: An Interactive Web Experiment with Simulated Cases.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry: Helpful or Harmful?	Robert G. Berger,J. P. Kichak	2004	Viewpoint Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry: Helpful or Harmful?
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Design of Genetics Home Reference: A New NLM Consumer Health Resource.	Joyce A. Mitchell,Jane Fun,Alexa T. McCray	2004	Application of Information Technology: Design of Genetics Home Reference: A New NLM Consumer Health Resource.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Usability of a Computer-assisted Interview System for the Unaided Self-entry of Patient Data in an Urban Rheumatology Clinic.	Carl A. Williams,Thomas Templin,Angelia D. Mosley-Williams	2004	Research Paper: Usability of a Computer-assisted Interview System for the Unaided Self-entry of Patient Data in an Urban Rheumatology Clinic.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Methodology and Implementation for Annotating Digital Images for Context-appropriate Use in an Academic Health Care Environment.	Patricia Goede,Jason R. Lauman,Christopher Cochella,Gregory L. Katzman,David A. Morton,Kurt H. Albertine	2004	Application of Information Technology: A Methodology and Implementation for Annotating Digital Images for Context-appropriate Use in an Academic Health Care Environment.
JAMIA	"White Paper: Training the Next Generation of Informaticians: The Impact of ""BISTI"" and Bioinformatics - A Report from the American College of Medical Informatics."	Charles P. Friedman,Russ B. Altman,Isaac S. Kohane,Kathleen A. McCormick,Perry L. Miller,Judy G. Ozbolt,Edward H. Shortliffe,Gary D. Stormo,M. Cleat Szczepaniak,David Tuck,Jeffrey J. Williamson	2004	"White Paper: Training the Next Generation of Informaticians: The Impact of ""BISTI"" and Bioinformatics - A Report from the American College of Medical Informatics."
JAMIA	Research Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry in U.S. Hospitals: Results of a 2002 Survey.	Joan S. Ash,Paul N. Gorman,Veena Seshadri,William R. Hersh	2004	Research Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry in U.S. Hospitals: Results of a 2002 Survey.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Patient Internet Use for Health Information at Three Urban Primary Care Clinics.	Suzanne Dickerson,Amber M. Reinhart,Thomas Hugh Feeley,Rakesh Bidani,Ellen Rich,Vinod K. Garg,Charles O. Hershey	2004	Research Paper: Patient Internet Use for Health Information at Three Urban Primary Care Clinics.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Data Quality of General Practice Electronic Health Records: The Impact of a Program of Assessments, Feedback, and Training.	Mark Porcheret,Rhian Hughes,Dai Evans,Kelvin Jordan,Tracy Whitehurst,Helen Ogden,Peter Croft	2004	Research Paper: Data Quality of General Practice Electronic Health Records: The Impact of a Program of Assessments, Feedback, and Training.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Help for Physicians Contemplating Use of E-mail with Patients.	Daniel Z. Sands	2004	Editorial Comments: Help for Physicians Contemplating Use of E-mail with Patients.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Frequency-based Technique to Improve the Spelling Suggestion Rank in Medical Queries.	Jonathan Crowell,Qing Zeng,Long Ngo,Eve-Marie Lacroix	2004	Research Paper: A Frequency-based Technique to Improve the Spelling Suggestion Rank in Medical Queries.
JAMIA	Position Paper: A Consensus Action Agenda for Achieving the National Health Information Infrastructure.	William A. Yasnoff,Betsy L. Humphreys,J. Marc Overhage,Don E. Detmer,Patricia Flatley Brennan,Richard W. Morris,Blackford Middleton,David W. Bates,John P. Fanning	2004	Position Paper: A Consensus Action Agenda for Achieving the National Health Information Infrastructure.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Development of a Web-based Event Reporting System in an Academic Environment.	Hagop S. Mekhjian,Thomas D. Bentley,Asif Ahmad,Gail Marsh	2004	Application of Information Technology: Development of a Web-based Event Reporting System in an Academic Environment.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Outpatient Electronic Prescribing Systems Based on Their Functional Capabilities.	Douglas S. Bell,Shan Cretin,Richard S. Marken,Adam B. Landman	2004	Model Formulation: A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Outpatient Electronic Prescribing Systems Based on Their Functional Capabilities.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Content Analysis of E-mail Communication between Patients and Their Providers: Patients Get the Message.	Casey B. White,Cheryl A. Moyer,David T. Stern,Steven J. Katz	2004	Research Paper: A Content Analysis of E-mail Communication between Patients and Their Providers: Patients Get the Message.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Physicians, Information Technology, and Health Care Systems: A Journey, Not a Destination.	Clement J. McDonald,J. Marc Overhage,Burke W. Mamlin,Paul D. Dexter,William M. Tierney	2004	Editorial Comments: Physicians, Information Technology, and Health Care Systems: A Journey, Not a Destination.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Multi-aspect Comparison Study of Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation.	Hongfang Liu,Virginia Teller,Carol Friedman	2004	Research Paper: A Multi-aspect Comparison Study of Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Network-Based System to Improve Care for Schizophrenia: The Medical Informatics Network Tool (MINT).	Alexander S. Young,Jim Mintz,Amy N. Cohen,Matthew J. Chinman	2004	Application of Information Technology: A Network-Based System to Improve Care for Schizophrenia: The Medical Informatics Network Tool (MINT).
JAMIA	Model Formulation: QIS: A Framework for Biomedical Database Federation.	Luis N. Marenco,Tzuu-Yi Wang,Gordon M. Shepherd,Perry L. Miller,Prakash M. Nadkarni	2004	Model Formulation: QIS: A Framework for Biomedical Database Federation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Summarization from medical documents: a survey.	Stergos D. Afantenos,Vangelis Karkaletsis,Panagiotis Stamatopoulos	2005	Objective:: The aim of this paper is to survey the recent work in medical documents summarization. Background:: During the last decade, documents summarization got increasing attention by the AI research community. More recently it also attracted the interest of the medical research community as well, due to the enormous growth of information that is available to the physicians and researchers in medicine, through the large and growing number of published journals, conference proceedings, medical sites and portals on the World Wide Web, electronic medical records, etc. Methodology:: This survey gives first a general background on documents summarization, presenting the factors that summarization depends upon, discussing evaluation issues and describing briefly the various types of summarization techniques. It then examines the characteristics of the medical domain through the different types of medical documents. Finally, it presents and discusses the summarization techniques used so far in the medical domain, referring to the corresponding systems and their characteristics. Discussion and conclusions:: The paper discusses thoroughly the promising paths for future research in medical documents summarization. It mainly focuses on the issue of scaling to large collections of documents in various languages and from different media, on personalization issues, on portability to new sub-domains, and on the integration of summarization technology in practical applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Classifying free-text triage chief complaints into syndromic categories with natural language processing.	Wendy Webber Chapman,Lee M. Christensen,Michael M. Wagner,Peter J. Haug,Oleg Ivanov,John N. Dowling,Robert T. Olszewski	2005	"Objective: Develop and evaluate a natural language processing application for classifying chief complaints into syndromic categories for syndromic surveillance.Introduction: Much of the input data for artificial intelligence applications in the medical field are free-text patient medical records, including dictated medical reports and triage chief complaints. To be useful for automated systems, the free-text must be translated into encoded form.Methods: We implemented a biosurveillance detection system from Pennsylvania to monitor the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Because input data was in free-text format, we used a natural language processing text classifier to automatically classify free-text triage chief complaints into syndromic categories used by the biosurveillance system. The classifier was trained on 4700 chief complaints from Pennsylvania. We evaluated the ability of the classifier to classify free-text chief complaints into syndromic categories with a test set of 800 chief complaints from Utah.Results: The classifier produced the following areas under the ROC curve: Constitutional = 0.95; Gastrointestinal = 0.97; Hemorrhagic = 0.99; Neurological = 0.96; Rash = 1.0; Respiratory = 0.99; Other = 0.96. Using information stored in the system's semantic model, we extracted from the Respiratory classifications lower respiratory complaints and lower respiratory complaints with fever with a precision of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively.Conclusion: Results suggest that a trainable natural language processing text classifier can accurately extract data from free-text chief complaints for biosurveillance."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Logical analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.	Gabriela Alexe,Sorin Alexe,D. E. Axelrod,Peter L. Hammer,D. Weissmann	2005	Objective:: The goal of this study is to re-examine the oligonucleotide microarray dataset of Shipp et al. (www.genome.wi.mit.du/MPR/lymphoma), which contains the intensity levels of 6817 genes of 58 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 19 with follicular lymphoma (FL), by means of the combinatorics, optimisation, and logic-based methodology of logical analysis of data (LAD). The motivations for this new analysis included the previously demonstrated capabilities of LAD and its expected potential (1) to identify different informative genes than those discovered by conventional statistical methods, (2) to identify combinations of gene expression levels capable of characterizing different types of lymphoma, and (3) to assemble collections of such combinations that if considered jointly are capable of accurately distinguishing different types of lymphoma. Methods and materials:: The central concept of LAD is a pattern or combinatorial biomarker, a concept that resembles a rule as used in decision tree methods. LAD is able to exhaustively generate the collection of all those patterns which satisfy certain quality constraints, through a systematic combinatorial process guided by clear optimization criteria. Then, based on a set covering approach, LAD aggregates the collection of patterns into classification models. In addition, LAD is able to use the information provided by large collections of patterns in order to extract subsets of variables, which collectively are able to distinguish between different types of disease. Results:: For the differential diagnosis of DLBCL versus FL, a model based on eight significant genes is constructed and shown to have a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 100% on the test set. For the prognosis of good versus poor outcome among the DLBCL patients, a model is constructed on another set consisting also of eight significant genes, and shown to have a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 90% on the test set. The genes selected by LAD also work well as a basis for other kinds of statistical analysis, indicating their robustness. Conclusion:: These two models exhibit accuracies that compare favorably to those in the original study. In addition, the current study also provides a ranking by importance of the genes in the selected significant subsets as well as a library of dozens of combinatorial biomarkers (i.e. pairs or triplets of genes) that can serve as a source of mathematically generated, statistically significant research hypotheses in need of biological explanation.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Discovering reliable protein interactions from high-throughput experimental data using network topology.	Jin Chen,Wynne Hsu,Mong-Li Lee,See-Kiong Ng	2005	"Objective:: Current protein-protein interaction (PPI) detection via high-throughput experimental methods, such as yeast-two-hybrid has been reported to be highly erroneous, leading to potentially costly spurious discoveries. This work introduces a novel measure called IRAP, i.e. ''interaction reliability by alternative path'', for assessing the reliability of protein interactions based on the underlying topology of the PPI network. Methods and materials:: A candidate PPI is considered to be reliable if it is involved in a closed loop in which the alternative path of interactions between the two interacting proteins is strong. We devise an algorithm called AlternativePathFinder to compute the IRAP value for each interaction in a complex PPI network. Validation of the IRAP as a measure for assessing the reliability of PPIs is performed with extensive experiments on yeast PPI data. All the data used in our experiments can be downloaded from our supplementary data web site at http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~chenjin/data.html. Results:: Results show consistently that IRAP measure is an effective way for discovering reliable PPIs in large datasets of error-prone experimentally-derived PPIs. Results also indicate that IRAP is better than IG2, and markedly better than the more simplistic IG1 measure. Conclusion:: Experimental results demonstrate that a global, system-wide approach-such as IRAP that considers the entire interaction network instead of merely local neighbors-is a much more promising approach for assessing the reliability of PPIs."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Application of tabu search strategy for finding low energy structure of protein.	Jacek Blazewicz,Piotr Lukasiak,Maciej Milostan	2005	Objective:: Understanding protein functionality would mean understanding the basics of life. This functionality follows a three-dimensional structure of proteins. Unfortunately till now it is not possible to obtain these structures artificially. This article offers a survey on the use of meta-heuristic methods in context of simplified models of protein folding. Methods:: Tabu search (TS) strategy is one of the most successful meta-heuristics that has been applied for large number of optimization problems. In the paper, the application of TS for finding low energy conformations of proteins in a simplified lattice model has been proposed. Results:: The algorithm has been extensively tested and the tests showed its good performance. It compares well with the other heuristic approaches. Conclusions:: The approach presented is competitive as compared with other methods and due to its low computation time can be used as a complementary tool for an analysis of the three-dimensional protein structures.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A framework for distributed mediation of temporal-abstraction queries to clinical databases.	David Boaz,Yuval Shahar	2005	Objective:: The specification and creation of a distributed system that integrates medical knowledge bases with time-oriented clinical databases; the goal is to answer complex temporal queries regarding both raw data and its abstractions, such as are often required in medical applications. Methods:: (1) Specification, design, and implementation of a generalized access method to a set of heterogeneous clinical data sources, by using a virtual medical-record interface and by mapping the local terms to a set of standardized medical vocabularies; (2) specification of a generalized interface to a set of knowledge sources; (3) specification and implementation of a service, called ALMA that computes complex time-oriented medical queries that include both raw data and abstractions derivable from it; (4) design and implementation of a mediator, called IDAN, that answers raw-data and abstract queries by integrating the appropriate clinical data with the relevant medical knowledge and uses the computation service to answer the queries; (5) an expressive language that enables definition of time-dependent medical queries, which are referred to the mediator; (6) evaluation of the effect of the system, when combined with a new visual interface, called KNAVE-II, on the speed and accuracy of answering a set of complex queries in an oncology sub domain, by a group of clinicians, compared to answering these queries using paper or an electronic spreadsheet. Results:: We have implemented the full IDAN architecture. The IDAN/KNAVE-II combination significantly increased the accuracy and speed of answering complex queries about both the data and their abstractions, compared to the standard tools. Conclusion:: The implemented architecture proves the feasibility of the distributed integration of medical knowledge sources with clinical data of heterogeneous sources. The results suggest that the proposed IDAN modular architecture has potential significance for supporting the automation of clinical tasks such as diagnosis, monitoring, therapy, and quality assessment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Fuzzy attributes of a DNA complex: Development of a fuzzy inference engine for codon-""junk"" codon delineation."	Tomás Arredondo Vidal,Perambur S. Neelakanta,Dolores F. De Groff	2005	"Objective:: The present study is concerned with the need that exists in bioinformatics to identify and delineate overlapping codon and noncodon structures in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex so as to ascertain the boundary of separation between them. Codons refer to those parts in a DNA complex encoded towards forming a desired set of proteins. Also coexist in the DNA structure noncodons (or ''junk'' codons), whose functions are not so well defined. Such codon and noncodon parts (at least over some sections of a DNA chain) may conform to diffused (overlapping) states exhibiting sharpless boundaries with indistinctive statistics of occurrence of their constituents. Such overlapping mix of codon and noncodon entities constitutes a (fuzzy) universe with information constituent having a fuzzy structure, which can only be identified in descriptive norms with characteristic membership of belongingness to certain attributes. Hence, this work is directed to develop a fuzzy inference engine (FIE), which delineates the fuzzy codon-noncodon parts. Methods and material:: Relevant algorithms developed for the fuzzy inference in question are based on information-theoretic (IT) considerations applied to symbolic as well as binary sequence data representing the DNA. Pseudocodes, as needed are furnished. Results:: Simulated studies using human and other bacterial codon statistics are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the approach pursued. The outcome of the study is illustrated via tabulated results and graphs depicting the delineation sought. Conclusion:: The results signify the success of IT-approach pursued in delineating imprecise codon/noncodon boundaries. The FIE applies both for human and bacterial codon statistics."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computational intelligence in solving bioinformatics problems.	Krzysztof J. Cios,Hiroshi Mamitsuka,Tomomasa Nagashima,Ryszard Tadeusiewicz	2005	Computational intelligence in solving bioinformatics problems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal reasoning for decision support in medicine.	Juan Carlos Augusto	2005	Objective: Handling time-related concepts is essential in medicine. During diagnosis it can make a substantial difference to know the temporal order in which some symptoms occurred or for how long they lasted. During prognosis the potential evolutions of a disease are conceived as a description of events unfolding in time. In therapy planning the different steps of treatment must be applied in a precise order, with a given frequency and for a certain span of time in order to be effective. This article offers a survey on the use of temporal reasoning for decision support-related tasks in medicine.Material and methods: Key publications of the area, mainly circumscribed to the latest two decades, are reviewed and classified according to three important stages of patient treatment requiring decision support: diagnosis, prognosis and therapy planning/management. Other complementary publications, like those on time-centered information storage and retrieval, are also considered as they provide valuable support to the above mentioned three stages.Results: Key areas are highlighted and used to organize the latest contributions. The survey of previous research is followed by an analysis of what can still be improved and what is needed to make the next generation of decision support systems for medicine more effective.Conclusions: It can be observed that although the area has been considerably developed, there are still areas where more research is needed to make time-based systems of widespread use in decision support-related areas of medicine. Several suggestions for further exploration are proposed as a result of the survey.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Using cognitive task analysis to facilitate the integration of decision support systems into the neonatal intensive care unit.	Gordon D. Baxter,Andrew F. Monk,Kenneth Tan,Peter R. F. Dear,Simon J. Newell	2005	"Objective: New medical systems may be rejected by staff because they do not integrate with local practice. An expert system, FLORENCE, is being developed to help staff in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) make decisions about ventilator settings when treating babies with respiratory distress syndrome. For FLORENCE to succeed it must be clinically useful and acceptable to staff in the context of local work practices. The aim of this work was to identify those contextual factors that would affect FLORENCE's success. Methods: A cognitive task analysis (CTA) of the NICU was performed. First, work context analysis was used to identify how work is performed in the NICU. Second, the critical decision method (CDM) was used to analyse how staff make decisions about changing the ventilator settings. Third, naturalistic observation of staff's use of the ventilator was performed. Results: A. The work context analysis identified the NICU's hierarchical communication structure and the importance of numerous types of record in communication. B. It also identified important ergonomic and practical requirements for designing the displays and positioning the computer. C. The CDM interviews suggested instances where problems can arise if the data used by FLORENCE, which is automatically read, is not manually verified. D. Observation showed that most alarms cleared automatically. When FLORENCE raises an alarm staff will normally be required to intervene and make a clinical judgement, even if the ventilator settings are not subsequently changed. Conclusions: FLORENCE must not undermine the NICU's hierarchical communication channels (A). The re-design of working practices to incorporate FLORENCE, reinforced through its user interface, must ensure that expert help is called on when appropriate (A). The procedures adopted with FLORENCE should ensure that the data the advice is based upon is valid (C). For example, FLORENCE could prompt staff to manually verify the data before implementing any suggested changes. FLORENCE's audible alarm should be clearly distinguishable from other NICU alarms (D); new procedures should be established to ensure that FLORENCE alarms receive attention (D), and false alarms from FLORENCE should be minimised (B, D). FLORENCE should always provide the data and reasoning underpinning its advice (A, C, D). The methods used in the CTA identified several contextual issues that could affect FLORENCE's acceptance. These issues, which extend beyond FLORENCE's capability to suggest changes to the ventilator settings, are being addressed in the design of the user interface and plans for FLORENCE's subsequent deployment. nt."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Comparative experiments on learning information extractors for proteins and their interactions.	Razvan C. Bunescu,Ruifang Ge,Rohit J. Kate,Edward M. Marcotte,Raymond J. Mooney,Arun K. Ramani,Yuk Wah Wong	2005	Objective:: Automatically extracting information from biomedical text holds the promise of easily consolidating large amounts of biological knowledge in computer-accessible form. This strategy is particularly attractive for extracting data relevant to genes of the human genome from the 11 million abstracts in Medline. However, extraction efforts have been frustrated by the lack of conventions for describing human genes and proteins. We have developed and evaluated a variety of learned information extraction systems for identifying human protein names in Medline abstracts and subsequently extracting information on interactions between the proteins. Methods and Material:: We used a variety of machine learning methods to automatically develop information extraction systems for extracting information on gene/protein name, function and interactions from Medline abstracts. We present cross-validated results on identifying human proteins and their interactions by training and testing on a set of approximately 1000 manually-annotated Medline abstracts that discuss human genes/proteins. Results:: We demonstrate that machine learning approaches using support vector machines and maximum entropy are able to identify human proteins with higher accuracy than several previous approaches. We also demonstrate that various rule induction methods are able to identify protein interactions with higher precision than manually-developed rules. Conclusion:: Our results show that it is promising to use machine learning to automatically build systems for extracting information from biomedical text. The results also give a broad picture of the relative strengths of a wide variety of methods when tested on a reasonably large human-annotated corpus.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Merging multimedia presentations and semistructured temporal data: a graph-based model and its application to clinical information.	Carlo Combi,Barbara Oliboni,Rosalba Rossato	2005	Objective:: In this paper, we focus on the issue of providing physicians with the capability of representing in a seamless way both temporal aspects of multimedia semistructured data and their temporal presentation requirements. Background:: Semistructured data are data having some structure, that may be irregular or incomplete and does not necessarily conform to a fixed schema. Semistructured data often contain the description of histories of the considered real world. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is becoming a cross compatible and standardized means for representing semistructured clinical data. In the field of medical informatics, there are many ongoing activities concerning XML. In the field of multimedia database systems, the topic related to the integration of several media objects (with their temporal aspects) have been considered both for data modeling and querying issues and for modeling multimedia presentations. Methodology:: We first propose the Multimedia Temporal Graphical Model (MTGM), by representing a clinical database for cardiology patients undergoing cardiac angiographies and then describe it in a formal way. We deal with the problem of expressing MTGM data by XML and of managing MTGM clinical data through an XML-based system. We provide both a technique for translating (a part of) an MTGM database into an XML document and some techniques allowing us to obtain presentations defined by means of the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) from MTGM presentations. Results:: MTGM allows one to represent and store clinical information in a semistructured, temporal, and multimedia database. The physician can define multimedia presentations based on the stored data. Multimedia presentations are then stored in the same MTGM database together with temporal clinical information and are thus represented according to the same data model. A prototype based on an XML native database system has been designed and implemented. Discussion and conclusions:: In this work we have considered the theoretical and methodological issues concerning the definition of a general data model for describing temporal and multimedia features of semistructured clinical information. Other research and application oriented features, which have not been considered in MTGM, could be investigated for completing MTGM with regard to its applicability to clinical domains: MTGM does not allow one to express times at different levels of granularities, i.e. with different time units, or with indeterminacy; besides the considered valid time, it could be interesting to manage also other temporal dimensions such as the transaction and availability times. Besides being useful for managing multimedia data stored according to widely accepted standards as MPEG and DICOM, nowadays semistructured data, and XML in particular, are becoming the most important way for expressing and exchanging medical knowledge and data: MTGM can be considered as a data model allowing the seamless representation of both (multimedia and temporal) clinical data and knowledge.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Temporal data mining for the quality assessment of hemodialysis services.	Riccardo Bellazzi,Cristiana Larizza,Paolo Magni,Roberto Bellazzi	2005	"Objective:: This paper describes the temporal data mining aspects of a research project that deals with the definition of methods and tools for the assessment of the clinical performance of hemodialysis (HD) services, on the basis of the time series automatically collected during hemodialysis sessions. Methods:: Intelligent data analysis and temporal data mining techniques are applied to gain insight and to discover knowledge on the causes of unsatisfactory clinical results. In particular, two new methods for association rule discovery and temporal rule discovery are applied to the time series. Such methods exploit several pre-processing techniques, comprising data reduction, multi-scale filtering and temporal abstractions. Results:: We have analyzed the data of more than 5800 dialysis sessions coming from 43 different patients monitored for 19 months. The qualitative rules associating the outcome parameters and the measured variables were examined by the domain experts, which were able to distinguish between rules confirming available background knowledge and unexpected but plausible rules. Conclusion:: The new methods proposed in the paper are suitable tools for knowledge discovery in clinical time series. Their use in the context of an auditing system for dialysis management helped clinicians to improve their understanding of the patients' behavior."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Description logic-based methods for auditing frame-based medical terminological systems.	Ronald Cornet,Ameen Abu-Hanna	2005	Objective:: Medical terminological systems (TSs) play an increasingly important role in health care by supporting recording, retrieval and analysis of patient information. As the size and complexity of TSs are growing, the need arises for means to audit them, i.e. verify and maintain (logical) consistency and (semantic) correctness of their contents. This is not only important for the management of TSs but also for providing their users with confidence about the reliability of their contents. Formal methods have the potential to play an important role in the audit of TSs, although there are few empirical studies to assess the benefits of using these methods. Methods and material:: In this paper we propose a method based on description logics (DLs) for the audit of TSs. This method is based on the migration of the medical TS from a frame-based representation to a DL-based one. Our method is characterized by a process in which initially stringent assumptions are made about concept definitions. The assumptions allow the detection of concepts and relations that might comprise a source of logical inconsistency. If the assumptions hold then definitions are to be altered to eliminate the inconsistency, otherwise the assumptions are revised. Results:: In order to demonstrate the utility of the approach in a real-world case study we audit a TS in the intensive care domain and discuss decisions pertaining to building DL-based representations. This case study demonstrates that certain types of inconsistencies can indeed be detected by applying the method to a medical terminological system. Conclusion:: The added value of the method described in this paper is that it provides a means to evaluate the compliance to a number of common modeling principles in a formal manner. The proposed method reveals potential modeling inconsistencies, helping to audit and (if possible) improve the medical TS. In this way, it contributes to providing confidence in the contents of the terminological system.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Constraint reasoning in deep biomedical models.	Jorge Cruz,Pedro Barahona	2005	Objective:: Deep biomedical models are often expressed by means of differential equations. Despite their expressive power, they are difficult to reason about and make decisions, given their non-linearity and the important effects that the uncertainty on data may cause. The objective of this work is to propose a constraint reasoning framework to support safe decisions based on deep biomedical models. Method:: The methods used in our approach include the generic constraint propagation techniques for reducing the bounds of uncertainty of the numerical variables complemented with new constraint reasoning techniques that we developed to handle differential equations. Results:: The results of our approach are illustrated in biomedical models for the diagnosis of diabetes, tuning of drug design and epidemiology where it was a valuable decision-supporting tool notwithstanding the uncertainty on data. Conclusion:: The main conclusion that follows from the results is that, in biomedical decision support, constraint reasoning may be a worthwhile alternative to traditional simulation methods, especially when safe decisions are required.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An optimized experimental protocol based on neuro-evolutionary algorithms: Application to the classification of dyspeptic patients and to the prediction of the effectiveness of their treatment.	Massimo Buscema,Enzo Grossi,M. Intraligi,N. Garbagna,A. Andriulli,M. Breda	2005	An optimized experimental protocol based on neuro-evolutionary algorithms: Application to the classification of dyspeptic patients and to the prediction of the effectiveness of their treatment.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A classifier based on the artificial neural network approach for cardiologic auscultation in pediatrics.	Sanjay R. Bhatikar,Curt DeGroff,Roop L. Mahajan	2005	A classifier based on the artificial neural network approach for cardiologic auscultation in pediatrics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Automatic processing of multilingual medical terminology: applications to thesaurus enrichment and cross-language information retrieval.	Hervé Déjean,Éric Gaussier,Jean-Michel Renders,Fatiha Sadat	2005	Objectives:: We present in this article experiments on multi-language information extraction and access in the medical domain. For such applications, multilingual terminology plays a crucial role when working on specialized languages and specific domains. Material and methods:: We propose firstly a method for enriching multilingual thesauri which extracts new terms from parallel corpora, and secondly, a new approach for bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora, which uses a bilingual thesaurus as a pivot. We illustrate their use in multi-language information retrieval (English/German) in the medical domains. Results:: Our experiments show that these automatically extracted bilingual lexicons are accurate enough (85% precision for term extraction) for semi-automatically enriching mono- or bi-lingual thesauri such as the universal medical language system, and that their use in cross-language information retrieval significantly improves the retrieval performance (from 22 to 40% average precision) and clearly outperforms existing bilingual lexicon resources (both general lexicons and specialized ones). Conclusion:: We show in this paper first that bilingual lexicon extraction from parallel corpora in the medical domain could lead to accurate, specialized lexicons, which can be used to help enrich existing thesauri and second that bilingual lexicons extracted from comparable corpora outperform general bilingual resources for cross-language information retrieval.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Predicting breast cancer survivability: a comparison of three data mining methods.	Dursun Delen,Glenn Walker,Amit Kadam	2005	Objective:: The prediction of breast cancer survivability has been a challenging research problem for many researchers. Since the early dates of the related research, much advancement has been recorded in several related fields. For instance, thanks to innovative biomedical technologies, better explanatory prognostic factors are being measured and recorded; thanks to low cost computer hardware and software technologies, high volume better quality data is being collected and stored automatically; and finally thanks to better analytical methods, those voluminous data is being processed effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the main objective of this manuscript is to report on a research project where we took advantage of those available technological advancements to develop prediction models for breast cancer survivability. Methods and material:: We used two popular data mining algorithms (artificial neural networks and decision trees) along with a most commonly used statistical method (logistic regression) to develop the prediction models using a large dataset (more than 200,000 cases). We also used 10-fold cross-validation methods to measure the unbiased estimate of the three prediction models for performance comparison purposes. Results:: The results indicated that the decision tree (C5) is the best predictor with 93.6% accuracy on the holdout sample (this prediction accuracy is better than any reported in the literature), artificial neural networks came out to be the second with 91.2% accuracy and the logistic regression models came out to be the worst of the three with 89.2% accuracy. Conclusion:: The comparative study of multiple prediction models for breast cancer survivability using a large dataset along with a 10-fold cross-validation provided us with an insight into the relative prediction ability of different data mining methods. Using sensitivity analysis on neural network models provided us with the prioritized importance of the prognostic factors used in the study.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Clinical benchmarking for the validation of AI medical diagnostic classifiers.	Gerhard Holt	2005	Clinical benchmarking for the validation of AI medical diagnostic classifiers.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe AIME'03."	Michel Dojat,Elpida T. Keravnou	2005	"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe AIME'03."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Gene extraction for cancer diagnosis by support vector machines - An improvement.	Te Ming Huang,Vojislav Kecman	2005	"Objective:: To improve the performance of gene extraction for cancer diagnosis by recursive feature elimination with support vector machines (RFE-SVMs): A cancer diagnosis by using the DNA microarray data faces many challenges the most serious one being the presence of thousands of genes and only several dozens (at the best) of patient's samples. Thus, making any kind of classification in high-dimensional spaces from a limited number of data is both an extremely difficult and a prone to an error procedure. The improved RFE-SVMs is introduced and used here for an elimination of less relevant genes and just for a reduction of the overall number of genes used in a medical diagnostic. Methods:: The paper shows why and how the, usually neglected, penalty parameter C and some standard data preprocessing techniques (normalizing and scaling) influence classification results and the gene selection of RFE-SVMs. The gene selected by RFE-SVMs is compared with eight other gene selection algorithms implemented in the Rankgene software to investigate whether there is any consensus among the algorithms, so the scope of finding the right set of genes can be reduced. Results:: The improved RFE-SVMs is applied on the two benchmarking colon and lymphoma cancer data sets with various C parameters and different standard preprocessing techniques. Here, decreasing C leads to the smaller diagnosis error in comparisons to other known methods applied to the benchmarking data sets. With an appropriate parameter C and with a proper preprocessing procedure, the reduction in a diagnosis error is as high as 36%. Conclusions:: The results suggest that with a properly chosen parameter C, the extracted genes and the constructed classifier will ensure less overfitting of the training data leading to an increased accuracy in selecting relevant genes. Finally, comparison in gene ranking obtained by different algorithms shows that there is a significant consensus among the various algorithms as to which set of genes is relevant."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Do physicians value decision support? A look at the effect of decision support systems on physician opinion.	Stephan Dreiseitl,Michael Binder	2005	"Objective: Clinical decision support systems are on the verge of becoming routine software tools in clinical settings. We investigate the question of how physicians react when faced with decision support suggestions that contradict their own diagnoses.Methodology: We used a study design involving 52 volunteer dermatologists who each rated the malignancy of 25 lesion images on an ordinal scale and gave a dichotomous excise/no excise recommendation for each lesion image. After seeing the system's rating and excise suggestions, the physicians could revise their initial recommendations.Results: We observed that in 24% of the cases in which the physicians' diagnoses did not match those of the decision support system, the physicians changed their diagnoses. There was a slight but significant negative correlation between susceptibility to change and experience level of the physicians. Physicians were significantly less likely to follow the decision system's recommendations when they were confident of their initial diagnoses. No differences between the physicians' inclinations to following excise versus no excise recommendations could be observed.Conclusion: These results indicate that physicians are quite susceptible to accepting the recommendations of decision support systems, and that quality assurance and validation of such systems is therefore of paramount importance."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	SiMCAL 1 algorithm for analysis of gene expression data related to the phosphatidylserine receptor.	Daniel Dvorkin,Valerie Fadok,Krzysztof J. Cios	2005	Objective:: SiMCAL 1 (simple multilevel clustering and linking, version 1) is a novel clustering algorithm for time-series microarray data, presented here with an application to a specific data set. The purpose of the algorithm is to present a complete feature set not found in either Jarvis-Patrick clustering, from which it is derived, or in other popular clustering methods such as hierarchical and k-means. The data concern the activity of the phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) which is believed to be a crucial molecular switch in the mediation of inflammatory response in apoptosis and lysis. By analyzing the behavior of PSR-related genes in mouse macrophages, we hope to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this important biological process. Methods and materials:: SiMCAL 1 is implemented in the Python programming language using the Numerical Python extensions, and the data are stored using the MySQL database management system. The data are derived from exposures of multiple Affymetrix mouse gene microarray chips to elevated levels of PSR antibody and control conditions. Code and data are available at http://www.dvorkin.com/daniel/Simcal1.zip (accessed: 17 January 2005). Results:: The algorithm meets its objectives: it is simple, in that it is computationally inexpensive; it is multilevel, in that it provides a small number of clearly defined hierarchical levels of clusters; and it offers linking between clusters at the same level in each hierarchy. Clustering and linking results indicate previously unknown co-regulation for genes expressing PGH synthase (COX2) and PGE2, appear to confirm increased production of proteins for clearance of apoptotic cells in the presence of PSR antibody, and correspond to other findings regarding the temporal relationship between PGE2 production and B cell proliferation and differentiation. These results are promising but should be taken as highly preliminary. Conclusion:: Both the algorithm and its application to this problem show great potential for future development. We plan to improve and extend the SiMCAL family of algorithms, and to obtain new data so that the algorithm(s) may be further applied to this and other problems of interest.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Customization in a unified framework for summarizing medical literature.	Noemie Elhadad,Min-Yen Kan,Judith L. Klavans,Kathleen McKeown	2005	Objective:: We present the summarization system in the PErsonalized Retrieval and Summarization of Images, Video and Language (PERSIVAL) medical digital library. Although we discuss the context of our summarization research within the PERSIVAL platform, the primary focus of this article is on strategies to define and generate customized summaries. Methods and material:: Our summarizer employs a unified user model to create a tailored summary of relevant documents for either a physician or lay person. The approach takes advantage of regularities in medical literature text structure and content to fulfill identified user needs. Results:: The resulting summaries combine both machine-generated text and extracted text that comes from multiple input documents. Customization includes both group-based modeling for two classes of users, physician and lay person, and individually driven models based on a patient record. Conclusions:: Our research shows that customization is feasible in a medical digital library.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A reliable probabilistic sleep stager based on a single EEG signal.	Arthur Flexer,Georg Gruber,Georg Dorffner	2005	A reliable probabilistic sleep stager based on a single EEG signal.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A new method for sleep apnea classification using wavelets and feedforward neural networks.	Oscar Fontenla-Romero,Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas,Amparo Alonso-Betanzos,Vicente Moret-Bonillo	2005	"Objectives:: This paper presents a novel approach for sleep apnea classification. The goal is to classify each apnea in one of three basic types: obstructive, central and mixed. Materials and methods:: Three different supervised learning methods using a neural network were tested. The inputs of the neural network are the first level-5-detail coefficients obtained from a discrete wavelet transformation of the samples (previously detected as apnea) in the thoracic effort signal. In order to train and test the systems, 120 events from six different patients were used. The true error rate was estimated using a 10-fold cross validation. The results presented in this work were averaged over 100 different simulations and a multiple comparison procedure was used for model selection. Results:: The method finally selected is based on a feedforward neural network trained using the Bayesian framework and a cross-entropy error function. The mean classification accuracy, obtained over the test set was 83.78+/-1.90%. Conclusion:: The proposed classifier surpasses, up to the author's knowledge, other previous results. Finally, a scheme to maintain and improve this system during its clinical use is also proposed."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Prediction of MHC class II binders using the ant colony search strategy.	Oleksiy Karpenko,Jianming Shi,Yang Dai	2005	Objective:: Predictions of the binding ability of antigen peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are important in vaccine development. The variable length of each binding peptide complicates this prediction. Methodology:: Motivated by the search properties of the ant colony system (ACS), a method for the identification of an alignment for a given set of short protein peptides has been developed. This alignment is further used for the derivation of a position specific scoring matrix. The distinguishing feature of this method is the use of the collective optimized search strategy of ants for the selection of the alignment. Results:: The performance of the new model has been evaluated with several benchmark datasets. It achieves better or comparable results as compared to the performance of existing methods. Conclusion:: The experiments demonstrate that the predictive performance of the scoring matrix embodies several promising characteristics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Applying instance-based techniques to prediction of final outcome in acute stroke.	Christian Gottrup,Knud Thomsen,Peter Locht,Ona Wu,A. Gregory Sorensen,Walter J. Koroshetz,Leif Østergaard	2005	Applying instance-based techniques to prediction of final outcome in acute stroke.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An adaptive window width/center adjustment system with online training capabilities for MR images.	Shang-Hong Lai,Ming Fang	2005	Objective: Adaptive and automatic adjustment of the display window parameters for magnetic resonance images under different viewing conditions is a challenging problem in medical image perception. An adaptive hierarchical neural network-based system with online adaptation capabilities is presented to achieve this goal in this paper.Methodology: The online adaptation capabilities are primarily attributed to the use of the hierarchical neural networks and the development of a new width/center mapping algorithm. The large training image set is hierarchically organized for efficient user interaction and effective re-mapping of the width/center settings. The width/center mapping functions are estimated from the new user-adjusted width/center values of some representative images by using a global spline function for the entire training images as well as a first-order polynomial function for each selected image sequence. The hierarchical neural networks are then re-trained for the new training data set after this mapping process.Results: The proposed automatic display window parameter adjustment system is implemented as a program on a personal computer for testing its adaptation performance. Experimental results show that the proposed system can successfully adapt its parameter adjustment on a variety of MR images after user readjustment and re-training of neural networks.Conclusion: This demonstrates the effective adaptation capabilities of the proposed system based on the framework of training data mapping and neural network retraining.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modelling and multivariable control in anaesthesia using neural-fuzzy paradigms: Part II. Closed-loop control of simultaneous administration of propofol and remifentanil.	Mahdi Mahfouf,Catarina S. Nunes,Derek A. Linkens,John E. Peacock	2005	Modelling and multivariable control in anaesthesia using neural-fuzzy paradigms: Part II. Closed-loop control of simultaneous administration of propofol and remifentanil.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Finding the biologically optimal alignment of multiple sequences.	Hiroshi Mamitsuka	2005	Objective:: Deterministic annealing, which is derived from statistical physics, is a method for obtaining the global optimum in parameter space. During the annealing process, starting from high temperatures which are then lowered, deterministic annealing deterministically find the (global) optimum at each temperature. Thus, deterministic annealing is expected to be more computationally efficient than stochastic sampling strategies to obtain the global optimum. We propose to apply the deterministic annealing technique to the problem of efficiently finding the biologically optimal alignment of multiple sequences. Methods and material:: We take a strategy based on probabilistic models for aligning multiple sequences. That is, we train a probabilistic model using given training sequences and obtain their alignment by parsing, i.e. searching for the most likely parse of each sequence and gaps using the trained parameters of the model. In this scenario, we propose a new stochastic model, which is simple enough to be suited to multiple sequence alignment and, unlike existing stochastic models, say a profile hidden Markov model (HMM), allows us to use similarity scores between symbols (or a symbol and a gap). We further present a learning algorithm for our simple model by combining deterministic annealing with an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We emphasize that our approach is time-efficient, even if the training is done through an annealing process. Results:: In our experiments, we used actual protein sequences whose three-dimensional (3D) structures are determined and which are all aligned based on their 3D structures. We compared the results obtained by our approach with those by other existing approaches. Experimental results clearly showed that our approach gave the best performance, in terms of the similarity to the structurally determined alignment, among the approaches tested. Experimental results further indicated that our approach was ten times more efficient in terms of actual computation time than a competing method.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"A method for detection of Alzheimer's disease using ICA-enhanced EEG measurements."	Co Melissant,Alexander Ypma,Edward E. E. Frietman,Cornelis J. Stam	2005	"A method for detection of Alzheimer's disease using ICA-enhanced EEG measurements."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Neural network predictions of significant coronary artery stenosis in men.	Bert A. Mobley,Eliot Schechter,William E. Moore,Patrick A. McKee,June E. Eichner	2005	Objective:: A neural network system was designed to predict whether coronary arteriography on a given patient would reveal any occurrence of significant coronary stenosis (>50%), a degree of stenosis which often leads to coronary intervention. Methodology:: A dataset of 2004 records from male cardiology patients was derived from a national cardiac catheterization database. The catheterizations selected for analysis from the database were first-time and elective, and they were precipitated by chest pain. Eleven patient variables were used as inputs in an artificial neural network system. The network was trained on the earliest 902 records in the dataset. The next 902 records formed a cross-validation file, which was used to optimize the training. A third file composed of the next 100 records facilitated the choice of a cutoff number between 0 and 1. The cutoff number was applied to the last 100 records, which comprised a test file. Results:: When a cutoff of 0.25 was compared to the network outputs of all 100 records in the test file, 12 of 46 (specificity=26%) patients without significant stenosis had outputs @?0.25, but all patients with significant stenosis had outputs >0.25 (sensitivity=100%). Therefore, the network identified a fraction of the patients in the test file who did not have significant coronary artery stenosis, while at the same time the network identified all of the patients in the test file who had significant stenosis capable of causing chest pain. Conclusion:: Artificial neural networks may be helpful in reducing unnecessary cardiac catheterizations.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Decision support of inspired oxygen selection based on Bayesian learning of pulmonary gas exchange parameters.	David Murley,Stephen E. Rees,Bodil Rasmussen,Steen Andreassen	2005	Objective:: To investigate if the real-time Bayesian learning of physiological model parameters can be used to support and improve the selection of inspired oxygen fraction. Methods and material:: Supporting the selection of inspired oxygen fraction relies on predictions of arterial oxygen saturation. The efficacy of using these predictions to select inspired oxygen was tested retrospectively in a system for estimating gas exchange parameters of the lung (Automatic Lung Parameter Estimator, ALPE). For the predictions to offer effective decision support they need to be accurate and above all safe. These qualities were tested with data from 16 post-operative cardiac patients, using two different tests. The aim of the first test was to assess retrospectively if the predictions could have supported clinical decisions. The second test sought to establish if the predictions could support improving the efficiency of inspired oxygen selection during an ALPE oxygen titration. Results:: The predictions were found to be reasonably accurate, and most importantly safe in both of the tests. Conclusion:: The method described can be used to support the selection of inspired oxygen fraction, and it has the potential to improve the efficiency of inspired oxygen selection during an oxygen titration.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Computational modeling of oligonucleotide positional densities for human promoter prediction.	Vipin Narang,Wing-Kin Sung,Ankush Mittal	2005	Objective:: The gene promoter region controls transcriptional initiation of a gene, which is the most important step in gene regulation. In-silico detection of promoter region in genomic sequences has a number of applications in gene discovery and understanding gene expression regulation. However, computational prediction of eukaryotic poly-II promoters has remained a difficult task. This paper introduces a novel statistical technique for detecting promoter regions in long genomic sequences. Method:: A number of existing techniques analyze the occurrence frequencies of oligonucleotides in promoter sequences as compared to other genomic regions. In contrast, the present work studies the positional densities of oligonucleotides in promoter sequences. The analysis does not require any non-promoter sequence dataset or any model of the background oligonucleotide content of the genome. The statistical model learnt from a dataset of promoter sequences automatically recognizes a number of transcription factor binding sites simultaneously with their occurrence positions relative to the transcription start site. Based on this model, a continuous naive Bayes classifier is developed for the detection of human promoters and transcription start sites in genomic sequences. Results:: The present study extends the scope of statistical models in general promoter modeling and prediction. Promoter sequence features learnt by the model correlate well with known biological facts. Results of human transcription start site prediction compare favorably with existing 2nd generation promoter prediction tools.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	The UK MARIBS Breast Screening Study: Evaluation of radiological features for breast tumour classification in clinical screening with machine learning methods.	Tim W. Nattkemper,Bert Arnrich,Oliver Lichte,Wiebke Timm,Andreas Degenhard,Linda Pointon,Carmel Hayes,Martin O. Leach	2005	The UK MARIBS Breast Screening Study: Evaluation of radiological features for breast tumour classification in clinical screening with machine learning methods.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Modelling and multivariable control in anaesthesia using neural-fuzzy paradigms: Part I. Classification of depth of anaesthesia and development of a patient model.	Catarina S. Nunes,Mahdi Mahfouf,Derek A. Linkens,John E. Peacock	2005	Modelling and multivariable control in anaesthesia using neural-fuzzy paradigms: Part I. Classification of depth of anaesthesia and development of a patient model.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Knowledge-assisted recognition of cluster boundaries in gene expression data.	Yoshifumi Okada,Takehiko Sahara,Hikaru Mitsubayashi,Satoru Ohgiya,Tomomasa Nagashima	2005	Background and motivation:: DNA microarray technology has made it possible to determine the expression levels of thousands of genes in parallel under multiple experimental conditions. Genome-wide analyses using DNA microarrays make a great contribution to the exploration of the dynamic state of genetic networks, and further lead to the development of new disease diagnosis technologies. An important step in the analysis of gene expression data is to classify genes with similar expression patterns into the same groups. To this end, hierarchical clustering algorithms have been widely used. Major advantages of hierarchical clustering algorithms are that investigators do not need to specify the number of clusters in advance and results are presented visually in the form of a dendrogram. However, since traditional hierarchical clustering methods simply provide results on the statistical characteristics of expression data, biological interpretations of the resulting clusters are not easy, and it requires laborious tasks to unveil hidden biological processes regulated by members in the clusters. Therefore, it has been a very difficult routine for experts. Objective:: Here, we propose a novel algorithm in which cluster boundaries are determined by referring to functional annotations stored in genome databases. Materials and methods:: The algorithm first performs hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles. Then, the cluster boundaries are determined by the Variance Inflation Factor among the Gene Function Vectors, which represents distributions of gene functions in each cluster. Our algorithm automatically specifies a cutoff that leads to functionally independent agglomerations of genes on the dendrogram derived from similarities among gene expression patterns. Finally, each cluster is annotated according to dominant gene functions within the respective cluster. Results and conclusions:: In this paper, we apply our algorithm to two gene expression datasets related to cell cycle and cold stress response in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result, we show that the algorithm enables us to recognize cluster boundaries characterizing fundamental biological processes such as the Early G1, Late G1, S, G2 and M phases in cell cycles, and also provides novel annotation information that has not been obtained by traditional hierarchical clustering methods. In addition, using formal cluster validity indices, high validity of our algorithm is verified by the comparison through other popular clustering algorithms, K-means, self-organizing map and AutoClass. rganizing map (SOM) and AutoClass.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Characterization of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms using neural networks and support vector machines.	Athanasios Papadopoulos,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Aristidis Likas	2005	"Objective: : Detection and characterization of microcalcification clusters in mammograms is vital in daily clinical practice. The scope of this work is to present a novel computer-based automated method for the characterization of microcalcification clusters in digitized mammograms. Methods and material: : The proposed method has been implemented in three stages: (a) the cluster detection stage to identify clusters of microcalcifications, (b) the feature extraction stage to compute the important features of each cluster and (c) the classification stage, which provides with the final characterization. In the classification stage, a rule-based system, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM) have been implemented and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The proposed method was evaluated using the Nijmegen and Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) mammographic databases. The original feature set was enhanced by the addition of four rule-based features. Results and conclusions: : In the case of Nijmegen dataset, the performance of the SVM was A""z=0.79 and 0.77 for the original and enhanced feature set, respectively, while for the MIAS dataset the corresponding characterization scores were A""z=0.81 and 0.80. Utilizing neural network classification methodology, the corresponding performance for the Nijmegen dataset was A""z=0.70 and 0.76 while for the MIAS dataset it was A""z=0.73 and 0.78. Although the obtained high classification performance can be successfully applied to microcalcification clusters characterization, further studies must be carried out for the clinical evaluation of the system using larger datasets. The use of additional features originating either from the image itself (such as cluster location and orientation) or from the patient data may further improve the diagnostic value of the system."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Applying spatial distribution analysis techniques to classification of 3D medical images.	Dragoljub Pokrajac,Vasileios Megalooikonomou,Aleksandar Lazarevic,Despina Kontos,Zoran Obradovic	2005	Applying spatial distribution analysis techniques to classification of 3D medical images.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Identification of signatures in biomedical spectra using domain knowledge.	Erinija Pranckeviciene,Ray L. Somorjai,Richard Baumgartner,Moongu Jeon	2005	"Objective: Demonstrate that incorporating domain knowledge into feature selection methods helps identify interpretable features with predictive capability comparable to a state-of-the-art classifier. Methods: Two feature selection methods, one using a genetic algorithm (GA) the other a L""1-norm support vector machine (SVM), were investigated on three real-world biomedical magnetic resonance (MR) spectral datasets of increasing difficulty. Consensus sets of the feature sets obtained by the two methods were also assessed. Results and conclusions: Features identified independently by the two methods and by their consensus, determine class-discriminatory groups or individual features, whose predictive power compares favorably with that of a state-of-the-art classifier. Furthermore, the identified feature signatures form stable groupings at definite spectral positions, hence are readily interpretable. This is a useful and important practical result for generating hypothesis for the domain expert. t."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Highly accurate and consistent method for prediction of helix and strand content from primary protein sequences.	Jishou Ruan,Kui Wang,Jie Yang,Lukasz A. Kurgan,Krzysztof J. Cios	2005	Objective:: One of interesting computational topics in bioinformatics is prediction of secondary structure of proteins. Over 30 years of research has been devoted to the topic but we are still far away from having reliable prediction methods. A critical piece of information for accurate prediction of secondary structure is the helix and strand content of a given protein sequence. Ability to accurately predict content of those two secondary structures has a good potential to improve accuracy of prediction of the secondary structure. Most of the existing methods use composition vector to predict the content. Their underlying assumption is that the vector can be used to provide functional mapping between primary sequence and helix/strand content. While this is true for small sets of proteins we show that for larger protein sets such mapping are inconsistent, i.e. the same composition vectors correspond to different contents. To this end, we propose a method for prediction of helix/strand content from primary protein sequences that is fundamentally different from currently available methods. Methods and material:: Our method is accurate and uses a novel approach to obtain information from primary sequence based on a composition moment vector, which is a measure that includes information about both composition of a given primary sequence and the position of amino acids in the sequence. In contrast to the composition vector, we show that it provides functional mapping between primary sequence and the helix/strand content. Results:: A set of benchmarks involving a large protein dataset consisting of over 11,000 protein sequences from Protein Data Bank was performed to validate the method. Prediction done by a neural network had average accuracy of 91.5% for the helix and 94.5% for the strand contents. We also show that using the new measure results in about 40% reduction of error rates when compared with the composition vector results. Conclusions:: The developed method has much better accuracy when compared with other existing methods, as shown on a large body of proteins, in contrast to other reported results that often target small sets of specific protein types, such as globular proteins.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Part-whole representation and reasoning in formal biomedical ontologies.	Stefan Schulz,Udo Hahn	2005	Objective:Biomedical ontologies are typically structured in a biaxial way, reflecting both a taxonomic (is-a) and a partonomic (part-of) hierarchy. Commonly used biomedical terminologies, which incorporate such distinctions excel in terms of broad coverage but lack a rigid formal foundation. The latter, however, is a prerequisite for automated reasoning. For the biomedical domain, it is not only crucial to cope with ontological dependencies between wholes and their parts but also with specific reasoning patterns which underlie the propagation of roles across partonomic hierarchies. Methods: We scale down part-whole reasoning to subsumption-based taxonomic reasoning within the formal framework of a parsimonious variant of description logics (viz. ALC). Results: We provide a formal basis for ontological engineering in the domain of biomedicine, as far as part-whole relationships are concerned, by addressing typical reasoning patterns encountered in this domain. countered in this domain.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Generalised reliability characteristics for probabilistic networks.	Danielle Sent,Linda C. van der Gaag	2005	"Background:: In the medical domain, establishing a diagnosis typically amounts to reasoning about the unobservable truth, based upon a set of indirect observations from diagnostic tests. A diagnostic test may not be perfectly reliable, however. To avoid misdiagnosis, therefore, the reliability characteristics of the test should be taken into account upon reasoning. Objective:: In this paper, we address the issue of modelling the reliability characteristics of diagnostic tests in a probabilistic network. Method:: To this end, we study the mathematical foundation of a test's characteristics and collate them with the probabilities required for a probabilistic network. Results:: We show that the standard reliability characteristics that are generally available from the literature have to be further detailed and stratified, for example by experts, before they can be included in a network. We demonstrate these modelling issues by means of a real-life probabilistic network in oncology."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A landmark extraction method for protein 2DE gel images based on multi-dimensional clustering.	Jung Eun Shim,Won Suk Lee	2005	Objective:: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) is a separation technique that can identify target proteins existing in a tissue. Its result is represented by a gel image that displays an individual protein in a tissue as a spot. However, because the technique suffers from low reproducibility, a user should manually annotate landmark spots on each gel image to analyze the spots of different images together. This operation is an error-prone and tedious job. For this reason, this paper proposes a method of extracting landmark spots automatically by using a data mining technique. Method and material:: A landmark profile which summarizes the characteristics of landmark spots in a set of training gel images of the same tissue is generated by extracting the common properties of the landmark spots. On the basis of the landmark profile, candidate landmark spots in a new gel image of the same tissue are identified, and final landmark spots are determined by the well-known A^* search algorithm. Result and conclusions:: The performance of the proposed method is analyzed through a series of experiments in order to identify its various characteristics.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	"Genetic algorithm for analysis of mutations in Parkinson's disease."	Rafal Smigrodzki,Ben Goertzel,Cassio Pennachin,Lúcio de Souza Coelho,Francisco Prosdocimi,W. Davis Parker Jr.	2005	"Objective: Mitochondrial genetics has unique features that impede analysis of the biological significance of mitochondrial mutations. Simple searches for differences in total mutational load between normal and pathological samples have been frequently unrewarding, raising the possibility that more complex patterns of mutations may be responsible for some conditions. We explore this possibility in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods and materials: We report the development of a modified genetic algorithm suited for detection of biologically meaningful patterns of mitochondrial mutations. The algorithm is applied to a database of mutations derived from biological samples, and verified by the use of shuffled data, and repeated leave-one-out testing. Results: It is possible to derive, from a very small sample, multiple accurate classifier functions that correlate with biological features. The methodology is validated statistically through experiments with fabricated data. Conclusion: This algorithm might be generally applicable to conditions where interactions among multiple mitochondrial DNA mutations are important. The patterns embodied in the classifier functions obtained should be the subject of further experimental study. dy."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Information extraction and summarization from medical documents.	Constantine D. Spyropoulos,Vangelis Karkaletsis	2005	Information extraction and summarization from medical documents.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A model of motor control of the nematode with neuronal circuits.	Michiyo Suzuki,Toshio Tsuji,Hisao Ohtake	2005	Objective:: Living organisms have mechanisms to adapt to various conditions of external environments. If we can realize these mechanisms on the computer, it may be possible to apply methods of biological and biomimetic adaptation to the engineering of artificial machines. This paper focuses on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which has a relatively simple structure and is one of the most studied multicellular organisms. We aim to develop its computer model, artificial C. elegans, to analyze control mechanisms with respect to motion. Although C. elegans processes many kinds of external stimuli, we focused on gentle touch stimulation. Methods:: The proposed model consists of a neuronal circuit model for motor control that responds to gentle touch stimuli and a kinematic model of the body for movement. All parameters included in the neuronal circuit model are adjusted by using the real-coded genetic algorithm. Also, the neuronal oscillator model is employed in the body model to generate the sinusoidal movement. The motion velocity of the body model is controlled by the neuronal circuit model so as to correspond to the touch stimuli that are received in sensory neurons. Conclusion:: The computer simulations confirmed that the proposed model is capable of realizing motor control similar to that of the actual organism qualitatively. By using the artificial organism it may be possible to clarify or predict some characteristics that cannot be measured in actual experiments. With the recent development of computer technology, such a computational analysis becomes a real possibility. The artificial C. elegans will contribute for studies in experimental biology in future, although it is still developing at present.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Bio-medical entity extraction using support vector machines.	Koichi Takeuchi,Nigel Collier	2005	Objective:: Support vector machines (SVMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several classification tasks. In this article we apply them to the identification and semantic annotation of scientific and technical terminology in the domain of molecular biology. This illustrates the extensibility of the traditional named entity task to special domains with large-scale terminologies such as those in medicine and related disciplines. Methods and materials:: The foundation for the model is a sample of text annotated by a domain expert according to an ontology of concepts, properties and relations. The model then learns to annotate unseen terms in new texts and contexts. The results can be used for a variety of intelligent language processing applications. We illustrate SVMs capabilities using a sample of 100 journal abstracts texts taken from the {human, blood cell, transcription factor} domain of MEDLINE. Results:: Approximately 3400 terms are annotated and the model performs at about 74% F-score on cross-validation tests. A detailed analysis based on empirical evidence shows the contribution of various feature sets to performance. Conclusion:: Our experiments indicate a relationship between feature window size and the amount of training data and that a combination of surface words, orthographic features and head noun features achieve the best performance among the feature sets tested.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Granular support vector machines with association rules mining for protein homology prediction.	Yuchun Tang,Bo Jin,Yan-Qing Zhang	2005	"Objective:: Protein homology prediction between protein sequences is one of critical problems in computational biology. Such a complex classification problem is common in medical or biological information processing applications. How to build a model with superior generalization capability from training samples is an essential issue for mining knowledge to accurately predict/classify unseen new samples and to effectively support human experts to make correct decisions. Methodology:: A new learning model called granular support vector machines (GSVM) is proposed based on our previous work. GSVM systematically and formally combines the principles from statistical learning theory and granular computing theory and thus provides an interesting new mechanism to address complex classification problems. It works by building a sequence of information granules and then building support vector machines (SVM) in some of these information granules on demand. A good granulation method to find suitable granules is crucial for modeling a GSVM with good performance. In this paper, we also propose an association rules-based granulation method. For the granules induced by association rules with high enough confidence and significant support, we leave them as they are because of their high ''purity'' and significant effect on simplifying the classification task. For every other granule, a SVM is modeled to discriminate the corresponding data. In this way, a complex classification problem is divided into multiple smaller problems so that the learning task is simplified. Results and conclusions:: The proposed algorithm, here named GSVM-AR, is compared with SVM by KDDCUP04 protein homology prediction data. The experimental results show that finding the splitting hyperplane is not a trivial task (we should be careful to select the association rules to avoid overfitting) and GSVM-AR does show significant improvement compared to building one single SVM in the whole feature space. Another advantage is that the utility of GSVM-AR is very good because it is easy to be implemented. More importantly and more interestingly, GSVM provides a new mechanism to address complex classification problems."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An arrhythmia classification system based on the RR-interval signal.	Markos G. Tsipouras,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,D. A. Sideris	2005	An arrhythmia classification system based on the RR-interval signal.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A spatio-temporal Bayesian network classifier for understanding visual field deterioration.	Allan Tucker,Veronica Vinciotti,Xiaohui Liu,David Garway-Heath	2005	"Objective: Progressive loss of the field of vision is characteristic of a number of eye diseases such as glaucoma which is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Recently, there has been an explosion in the amount of data being stored on patients who suffer from visual deterioration including field test data, retinal image data and patient demographic data. However, there has been relatively little work in modelling the spatial and temporal relationships common to such data. In this paper we introduce a novel method for classifying visual field (VF) data that explicitly models these spatial and temporal relationships. Methodology: We carry out an analysis of our proposed spatio-temporal Bayesian classifier and compare it to a number of classifiers from the machine learning and statistical communities. These are all tested on two datasets of VF and clinical data. We investigate the receiver operating characteristics curves, the resulting network structures and also make use of existing anatomical knowledge of the eye in order to validate the discovered models. Results: Results are very encouraging showing that our classifiers are comparable to existing statistical models whilst also facilitating the understanding of underlying spatial and temporal relationships within VF data. The results reveal the potential of using such models for knowledge discovery within ophthalmic databases, such as networks reflecting the 'nasal step', an early indicator of the onset of glaucoma. Conclusion: The results outlined in this paper pave the way for a substantial program of study involving many other spatial and temporal datasets, including retinal image and clinical data."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	GenSo-FDSS: a neural-fuzzy decision support system for pediatric ALL cancer subtype identification using gene expression data.	W. L. Tung,Hiok Chai Quek	2005	GenSo-FDSS: a neural-fuzzy decision support system for pediatric ALL cancer subtype identification using gene expression data.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Factors affecting automated syndromic surveillance.	Ling Wang,Marco Ramoni,Kenneth D. Mandl,Paola Sebastiani	2005	Objective:: The increased threat of bioterroristic attacks and epidemic events requires the development of accurate and timely outbreak detection systems for early identification of anomalies in public health data. Material and methods:: We propose an automated outbreak detection system based on syndromic data. This system uses an autoregressive model with seasonal components to monitor, online, the daily counts of chief complaints for respiratory syndromes at the emergency department of two major metropolitan hospitals. We evaluate this system by estimating the false positive rate in real data under the assumption that there were no outbreaks of disease, and the true positive rate in real baseline data in which we injected stochastically simulated outbreaks of different shape and size. We then use directed graphical models to account for the effect of exogenous factors on the detection performance of the system. Results:: Our study shows that for a week-long outbreak, our model has an overall 84.8% true detection accuracy across all shapes of outbreaks, while the outbreak size influences the earliness to detection. The false and true positive rates are also associated with the exogenous factors and knowledge about these factors can help to improve the detection accuracy. Conclusion:: This study suggests that the integration of multiple data sources can significantly improve the detection accuracy of syndromic surveillance systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	An expert study evaluating the UMLS lexical metaschema.	Li Zhang,George Hripcsak,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,James Geller	2005	"Objective:: A metaschema is an abstraction network of the UMLS's semantic network (SN) obtained from a connected partition of its collection of semantic types. A lexical metaschema was previously derived based on a lexical partition which partitioned the SN into semantic-type groups using identical word-usage among the names of semantic types and the definitions of their respective children. In this paper, a statistical analysis methodology is presented to evaluate the lexical metaschema based on a study involving a group of established UMLS experts. Methods:: In the study, each expert was asked to identify subject areas of the SN based on his or her understanding of the various semantic types. For this purpose, the expert scans the SN hierarchy top-down, identifying semantic types, which are important and different enough from their parent semantic types, as roots of their groups. From the response of each expert, an ''expert metaschema'' is constructed. The different experts' metaschemas can vary widely. So, additional metaschemas are obtained from aggregations of the experts' responses. Of special interest is the consensus metaschema which represents an aggregation of a simple majority of the experts' responses. Statistical analysis comparing the lexical metaschema with the experts' metaschemas and the consensus metaschema is presented. Results:: The analysis results shows that 17 out of the 21 meta-semantic types in the lexical metaschema also appear in the consensus metaschema (about 81%). There are 107 semantic types (about 79%) covered by identical meta-semantic types and refinements. The results show the high similarity between the two metaschemas. Furthermore, the statistical analysis shows that the lexical metaschema did not grossly underperform compared to the experts. Conclusion:: Our study shows that the lexical metaschema provides a good approximation for a partition of meaningful subject areas in the SN, when compared to the consensus metaschema capturing the aggregation of a simple majority of the human experts' opinions."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	A lexical metaschema for the UMLS semantic network.	Li Zhang,Yehoshua Perl,Michael Halper,James Geller,George Hripcsak	2005	"Objective: A metaschema is a high-level abstraction network of the UMLS's semantic network (SN) obtained from a partition of the SN's collection of semantic types. Every metaschema has nodes, called meta-semantic types, each of which denotes a group of semantic types constituting a subject area of the SN. A new kind of metaschema, called the lexical metaschema, is derived from a lexical partition of the SN. The lexical metaschema is compared to previously derived metaschemas, e.g., the cohesive metaschema.Design: A new lexical partitioning methodology is presented based on identical word-usage among the names of semantic types and the definitions of their respective children. The lexical metaschema is derived from the application of the methodology. We compare the constituent meta-semantic types and their underlying semantic-type groups with the previously derived cohesive metaschema. A similar comparison of the lexical partition and a published partition of the SN is also carried out.Results: The lexical partition of the SN has 21 semantic-type groups, each of which represents a subject area. The lexical metaschema thus has 21 meta-semantic types, 19 meta-child-of hierarchical relationships, and 86 meta-relationships. Our comparison shows that 15 out of the 21 meta-semantic types in the lexical metaschema also appear in the cohesive metaschema, and 80 semantic types are covered by identical meta-semantic types or refinements between the two metaschemas. The comparison between the lexical partition and the semantic partition shows that they have very low similarity.Conclusion: The algorithmically derived lexical metaschema serves as an abstraction of the SN and provides views representing different subject areas. It compares favorably with the cohesive metaschema derived via the SN's relationship configuration."
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine	Efficient RNAi-based gene family knockdown via set cover optimization.	Wenzhong Zhao,M. Leigh Fanning,Terran Lane	2005	"Objective:: We address the problem of selecting an efficient set of initiator molecules (siRNAs) for RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene family knockdown experiments. Our goal is to select a minimal set of siRNAs that (a) cover a targeted gene family or a specified subset of it, (b) do not cover any untargeted genes, and (c) are individually highly effective at inducing knockdown. Methods and material:: We give two formalizations of the gene family knockdown problem. First, we show that the problem, minimizing the number of siRNAs required to knock down a family of genes, is NP-Hard via a reduction to the set cover problem. Second, we generalize the basic problem to incorporate additional biological constraints and optimality criteria. To solve the resulting set-cover variants, we modify the classical branch-and-bound algorithm to include some of these biological criteria. We find that in many typical cases these constraints reduce the search space enough that we are able to compute exact minimal siRNA covers within reasonable time. For larger cases, we propose a probabilistic greedy algorithm for finding minimal siRNA covers efficiently. We apply our methods to two different gene families, the FREP genes from Biomphalaria glabrata and the olfactory genes from Caenorhabditis elegans. Results and conclusion:: Our computational results on real biological data show that the probabilistic greedy algorithm produces siRNA covers as good as the branch-and-bound algorithm in most cases. Both algorithms return minimal siRNA covers with high predicted probability that the selected siRNAs will be effective at inducing knockdown. We also examine the role of ''off-target'' interactions: the constraint of avoiding covering untargeted genes can, in some cases, substantially increase the complexity of the resulting solution. Overall, we find that in many common cases our approach significantly reduces the number of siRNAs required in gene family knockdown experiments, as compared to knocking down genes independently."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	To err is not entirely human: Complex technology and user cognition.	Jan Horsky,Jiajie Zhang,Vimla L. Patel	2005	To err is not entirely human: Complex technology and user cognition.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	GMDH-based feature ranking and selection for improved classification of medical data.	R. E. Abdel-Aal	2005	Medical applications are often characterized by a large number of disease markers and a relatively small number of data records. We demonstrate that complete feature ranking followed by selection can lead to appreciable reductions in data dimensionality, with significant improvements in the implementation and performance of classifiers for medical diagnosis. We describe a novel approach for ranking all features according to their predictive quality using properties unique to learning algorithms based on the group method of data handling (GMDH). An abductive network training algorithm is repeatedly used to select groups of optimum predictors from the feature set at gradually increasing levels of model complexity specified by the user. Groups selected earlier are better predictors. The process is then repeated to rank features within individual groups. The resulting full feature ranking can be used to determine the optimum feature subset by starting at the top of the list and progressively including more features until the classification error rate on an out-of-sample evaluation set starts to increase due to overfitting. The approach is demonstrated on two medical diagnosis datasets (breast cancer and heart disease) and comparisons are made with other feature ranking and selection methods. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis is used to compare classifier performance. At default model complexity, dimensionality reduction of 22 and 54% could be achieved for the breast cancer and heart disease data, respectively, leading to improvements in the overall classification performance. For both datasets, considerable dimensionality reduction introduced no significant reduction in the area under the ROC curve. GMDH-based feature selection results have also proved effective with neural network classifiers.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Telephone-linked care for physical activity: A qualitative evaluation of the use patterns of an information technology program for patients.	Ramesh Farzanfar,Sophie Frishkopf,Jeffrey P. Migneault,Robert H. Friedman	2005	"Automated health behavior interventions that involve discretionary use by patients or consumers over extended periods of time are becoming more common and it is generally assumed that adherence to the recommended schedule is related to the impact of the system on users. Yet reasons for use or non-use of such systems have not been carefully explored. An understanding of factors that influence people to use, not use, or underutilize these automated behavioral change and self-care management systems can help in designing systems that are more effective and acceptable to users. Using qualitative research methods, this study explored the experiences of 45 users of a multiple-contact health promotion application with the goal of understanding the major factors that affect patterns of use (frequency of and duration of contact). The in-depth exploration of users' perceptions and views made possible by the qualitative research methods revealed a number of important themes. Reported reasons for underutilization or non-use were found to be both user-related and system-related. User-related reasons encompassed personal and individual events that prevented or impeded system utilization. System-related reasons included those that related to the medium itself as well as the content of the application. The qualitative methods employed in this study created a forum through which users' feedback could be fully explored and then synthesized to assist in the improvement of this and other automated health behavior interventions."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Identifying reasoning strategies in medical decision making: A methodological guide.	José F. Arocha,Dongwen Wang,Vimla L. Patel	2005	Reasoning strategies are a key component in many medical tasks, including decision making, clinical problem solving, and understanding of medical texts. Identification of reasoning strategies used by clinicians may prove critical to the optimal design of decision support systems. This paper presents a formal method of cognitive-semantic analysis for the identification and characterization of reasoning strategies deployed in medical tasks and demonstrates its use through specific examples. Although semantic analysis was originally developed in the investigation of knowledge structures, it can also be applied to identify the reasoning and decision processes used by physicians and medical trainees in clinical tasks. Assumptions underlying the methods, as well as illustrations of their use in diagnostic explanation tasks, are presented. We discuss semantic analysis in the context of the current interests in developing medical ontologies and argue that a frame-based propositional analytic methodology can provide a systematic way of addressing the construction of such ontologies. Although the application of propositional analysis methods has some limitations, we show how such limitations are being addressed and present some examples of information tools that have been developed to ease, and make more systematic, the process of analysis.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A user-centered framework for redesigning health care interfaces.	Constance M. Johnson,Todd R. Johnson,Jiajie Zhang	2005	Numerous health care systems are designed without consideration of user-centered design guidelines. Consequently, systems are created ad hoc, users are dissatisfied and often systems are abandoned. This is not only a waste of human resources, but economic resources as well. In order to salvage such systems, we have combined different methods from the area of computer science, cognitive science, psychology, and human-computer interaction to formulate a framework for guiding the redesign process. The paper provides a review of the different methods involved in this process and presents a life cycle of our redesign approach. Following the description of the methods, we present a case study, which shows a successfully applied example of the use of this framework. A comparison between the original and redesigned interfaces showed improvements in system usefulness, information quality, and interface quality.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Computerized physician order entry and medication errors: Finding a balance.	David W. Bates	2005	Computerized physician order entry and medication errors: Finding a balance.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Modelling of classification rules on metabolic patterns including machine learning and expert knowledge.	Christian Baumgartner,Christian Böhm,Daniela Baumgartner	2005	"Machine learning has a great potential to mine potential markers from high-dimensional metabolic data without any a priori knowledge. Exemplarily, we investigated metabolic patterns of three severe metabolic disorders, PAHD, MCADD, and 3-MCCD, on which we constructed classification models for disease screening and diagnosis using a decision tree paradigm and logistic regression analysis (LRA). For the LRA model-building process we assessed the relevance of established diagnostic flags, which have been developed from the biochemical knowledge of newborn metabolism, and compared the models' error rates with those of the decision tree classifier. Both approaches yielded comparable classification accuracy in terms of sensitivity (<95.2%), while the LRA models built on flags showed significantly enhanced specificity. The number of false positive cases did not exceed 0.001%."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Feature selection in Bayesian classifiers for the prognosis of survival of cirrhotic patients treated with TIPS.	Rosa Blanco,Iñaki Inza,Marisa Merino,Jorge Quiroga,Pedro Larrañaga	2005	The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a treatment for cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. A subgroup of patients dies in the first 6 months and another subgroup lives a long period of time. Nowadays, no risk factors have been identified in order to determine how long a patient will survive. An empirical study for predicting the survival rate within the first 6 months after TIPS placement is conducted using a clinical database with 107 cases and 77 variables. Applications of Bayesian classification models, based on Bayesian networks, to medical problems have become popular in the last years. Feature subset selection is useful due to the heterogeneity of the medical databases where not all the variables are required to perform the classification. In this paper, filter and wrapper approaches based on the feature subset selection are adapted to induce Bayesian classifiers (naive Bayes, selective naive Bayes, semi naive Bayes, tree augmented naive Bayes, and k-dependence Bayesian classifier) and are applied to distinguish between the two subgroups of cirrhotic patients. The estimated accuracies obtained tally with the results of previous studies. Moreover, the medical significance of the subset of variables selected by the classifiers along with the comprehensibility of Bayesian models is greatly appreciated by physicians.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"Toward a framework for understanding lay public's comprehension of disaster and bioterrorism information."	Alla Keselman,Laura Slaughter,Vimla L. Patel	2005	"In the last decade, we have witnessed a significant increase in disaster preparedness and crisis communication efforts. This stands in sharp contrast with paucity of research that deals with the public's comprehension of disaster information and related decision-making. The objective of this paper is to outline a theoretical and methodological framework for research on lay comprehension of crisis information. The proposed framework integrates two bodies of research: (1) cognitive science literature on comprehension and decision-making and (2) studies of the effects of anxiety on performance. The paper reviews selected works and methods from both fields, discussing how cognitive perspective could be extended to include emotional factors. We also discuss how further research integrating the proposed framework with public health communication perspective could: (1) provide insights for developing effective disaster communication and (2) inform the development of technological support for disaster communication and for education of lay people and health professionals."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Algorithms for rapid outbreak detection: a research synthesis.	David L. Buckeridge,Howard Burkom,Murray Campbell,William R. Hogan,Andrew W. Moore	2005	The threat of bioterrorism has stimulated interest in enhancing public health surveillance to detect disease outbreaks more rapidly than is currently possible. To advance research on improving the timeliness of outbreak detection, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency sponsored the Bio-event Advanced Leading Indicator Recognition Technology (BioALIRT) project beginning in 2001. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis of research on outbreak detection algorithms conducted by academic and industrial partners in the BioALIRT project. We first suggest a practical classification for outbreak detection algorithms that considers the types of information encountered in surveillance analysis. We then present a synthesis of our research according to this classification. The research conducted for this project has examined how to use spatial and other covariate information from disparate sources to improve the timeliness of outbreak detection. Our results suggest that use of spatial and other covariate information can improve outbreak detection performance. We also identified, however, methodological challenges that limited our ability to determine the benefit of using outbreak detection algorithms that operate on large volumes of data. Future research must address challenges such as forecasting expected values in high-dimensional data and generating spatial and multivariate test data sets. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Modeling a description logic vocabulary for cancer research.	Frank W. Hartel,Sherri de Coronado,Robert Dionne,Gilberto Fragoso,Jennifer Golbeck	2005	The National Cancer Institute has developed the NCI Thesaurus, a biomedical vocabulary for cancer research, covering terminology across a wide range of cancer research domains. A major design goal of the NCI Thesaurus is to facilitate translational research. We describe: the features of Ontylog, a description logic used to build NCI Thesaurus; our methodology for enhancing the terminology through collaboration between ontologists and domain experts, and for addressing certain real world challenges arising in modeling the Thesaurus; and finally, we describe the conversion of NCI Thesaurus from Ontylog into Web Ontology Language Lite. Ontylog has proven well suited for constructing big biomedical vocabularies. We have capitalized on the Ontylog constructs Kind and Role in the collaboration process described in this paper to facilitate communication between ontologists and domain experts. The artifacts and processes developed by NCI for collaboration may be useful in other biomedical terminology development efforts.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Neither panacea nor black box: Responding to three papers on computerized physician order entry systems.	Ross Koppel,A. Russell Localio,Abigail Cohen,Brian L. Strom	2005	Neither panacea nor black box: Responding to three papers on computerized physician order entry systems.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics.	Thomas A. Lasko,Jui G. Bhagwat,Kelly H. Zou,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2005	"Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are frequently used in biomedical informatics research to evaluate classification and prediction models for decision support, diagnosis, and prognosis. ROC analysis investigates the accuracy of a model's ability to separate positive from negative cases (such as predicting the presence or absence of disease), and the results are independent of the prevalence of positive cases in the study population. It is especially useful in evaluating predictive models or other tests that produce output values over a continuous range, since it captures the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity over that range. There are many ways to conduct an ROC analysis. The best approach depends on the experiment; an inappropriate approach can easily lead to incorrect conclusions. In this article, we review the basic concepts of ROC analysis, illustrate their use with sample calculations, make recommendations drawn from the literature, and list readily available software."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Decisions about critical events in device-related scenarios as a function of expertise.	Archana Laxmisan,Sameer Malhotra,Alla Keselman,Todd R. Johnson,Vimla L. Patel	2005	"This paper presents the perspectives of personnel involved in decision-making about devices in critical care. We use the concept of ""sharp and blunt ends"" of practice to describe the performance of health care professionals. The ""sharp end"" is physically and temporally close to the system; the ""blunt end"" is removed from the system in time and space and yet affects the system through indirect influence on the sharp end. In this study, the sharp end is represented by the clinicians (nurses and doctors) and the blunt end by the administrators and biomedical engineers. These subjects represent the professionals involved in the decision-making process for purchasing biomedical equipment for the hospital. They were asked to ""think aloud"" while evaluating three error scenarios based on real events. The responses were recorded and transcribed for analysis. The results show differences in interpretation of critical events as a function of professional expertise. The clinicians (sharp-end practitioners) focused on clinical and human aspect of errors while the biomedical engineers focused on device-related errors. The administrators focused on documentation and training. These different interpretations mean that the problems are represented differently by these groups of subjects, and these representations result in variable decisions about devices. These results are discussed within a systems approach framework to help us assess the completeness of the problem representations of the subjects, their awareness of critical events, and how these events would collectively contribute to the occurrence of error."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A framework for modeling health behavior protocols and their linkage to behavioral theory.	Leslie Lenert,Gregory J. Norman,Mark Mailhot,Kevin Patrick	2005	With the rise in chronic, behavior-related disease, computerized behavioral protocols (CBPs) that help individuals improve behaviors have the potential to play an increasing role in the future health of society. To be effective and widely used CBPs should be based on accepted behavioral theory. However, designing CBPs while at the same time specifying their linkages to behavioral theory and developing reusable CBP components (interventions) are challenges to developers of CBPs. Having an ontology with which to describe CBPs could help with these issues. As a first step towards creating such an ontology, we modeled PACE-Adolescent, a theory-based behavioral protocol that uses the Stages of Change Model and Social Cognitive Theory, using PROTÉGÉ-2000, an ontology editor and knowledge acquisition system. We created a three-part knowledge model. Two sub-ontologies described behavioral interventions and psychological theories. The third component, implemented using Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF3), provided a way to describe the structure of a protocol and to link intervention resources and groups of actions to elements of psychological theory. Using this framework, we formally described the PACE-Adolescent protocol. Creating knowledge models such as this may lead to improvements in the design and evaluation of computerized health behavior protocols.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Domain-specific language models and lexicons for tagging.	Anni Coden,Sergey V. Pakhomov,Rie Kubota Ando,Patrick H. Duffy,Christopher G. Chute	2005	Accurate and reliable part-of-speech tagging is useful for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks that form the foundation of NLP-based approaches to information retrieval and data mining. In general, large annotated corpora are necessary to achieve desired part-of-speech tagger accuracy. We show that a large annotated general-English corpus is not sufficient for building a part-of-speech tagger model adequate for tagging documents from the medical domain. However, adding a quite small domain-specific corpus to a large general-English one boosts performance to over 92% accuracy from 87% in our studies. We also suggest a number of characteristics to quantify the similarities between a training corpus and the test data. These results give guidance for creating an appropriate corpus for building a part-of-speech tagger model that gives satisfactory accuracy results on a new domain at a relatively small cost.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Predicting dire outcomes of patients with community acquired pneumonia.	Gregory F. Cooper,Vijoy Abraham,Constantin F. Aliferis,John M. Aronis,Bruce G. Buchanan,Rich Caruana,Michael J. Fine,Janine E. Janosky,Gary Livingston,Tom M. Mitchell	2005	Predicting dire outcomes of patients with community acquired pneumonia.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Evaluating user interactions with clinical information systems: A model based on human-computer interaction models.	Christelle Despont-Gros,Henning Müller,Christian Lovis	2005	Objectives: This article proposes a model for dimensions involved in user evaluation of clinical information systems (CIS). The model links the dimensions in traditional CIS evaluation and the dimensions from the human-computer interaction (HCI) perspective.Proposed method: In this article, variables are defined as the properties measured in an evaluation, and dimensions are defined as the factors contributing to the values of the measured variables. The proposed model is based on a two-step methodology with: (1) a general review of information systems (IS) evaluations to highlight studied variables, existing models and frameworks, and (2) a review of HCI literature to provide the theoretical basis to key dimensions of user evaluation.Results: The review of literature led to the identification of eight key variables, among which satisfaction, acceptance, and success were found to be the most referenced.Discussion: Among those variables, IS acceptance is a relevant candidate to reflect user evaluation of CIS. While their goals are similar, the fields of traditional CIS evaluation, and HCI are not closely connected. Combining those two fields allows for the development of an integrated model which provides a model for summative and comprehensive user evaluation of CIS. All dimensions identified in existing studies can be linked to this model and such an integrated model could provide a new perspective to compare investigations of different CIS systems.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Nomographic representation of logistic regression models: A case study using patient self-assessment data.	Stephan Dreiseitl,Alexandra Harbauer,Michael Binder,Harald Kittler	2005	Logistic regression models are widely used in medicine, but difficult to apply without the aid of electronic devices. In this paper, we present a novel approach to represent logistic regression models as nomograms that can be evaluated by simple line drawings. As a case study, we show how data obtained from a questionnaire-based patient self-assessment study on the risks of developing melanoma can be used to first identify a subset of significant covariates, build a logistic regression model, and finally transform the model to a graphical format. The advantage of the nomogram is that it can easily be mass-produced, distributed and evaluated, while providing the same information as the logistic regression model it represents.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Designing the design phase of critical care devices: a cognitive approach.	Sameer Malhotra,Archana Laxmisan,Alla Keselman,Jiajie Zhang,Vimla L. Patel	2005	"In this study, we show how medical devices used for patient care can be made safer if various cognitive factors involved in patient management are taken into consideration during the design phase. The objective of this paper is to describe a methodology for obtaining insights into patient safety features--derived from investigations of institutional decision making--that could be incorporated into medical devices by their designers. The design cycle of a product, be it a medical device, software, or any kind of equipment, is similar in concept, and course. Through a series of steps we obtained information related to medical errors and patient safety. These were then utilized to customize the generic device design cycle in ways that would improve the production of critical care devices. First, we provided individuals with different levels of expertise in the clinical, administrative, and engineering domains of a large hospital setting with hypothetical clinical scenarios, each of which described a medical error event involving health professionals and medical devices. Then, we asked our subjects to ""think-aloud"" as they read through each scenario. Using a set of questions as probes, we then asked our subjects to identify key errors and attribute them to various players. We recorded and transcribed the responses and conducted a cognitive task analysis of each scenario to identify different entities as ""constant,"" ""partially modifiable,"" or ""modifiable."" We compared our subjects' responses to the results of the task analysis and then mapped them to the modifiable entities. Lastly, we coded the relationships of these entities to the errors in medical devices. We propose that the incorporation of these modifiable entities into the device design cycle could improve the device end product for better patient safety management."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Discrimination and calibration of mortality risk prediction models in interventional cardiology.	Michael E. Matheny,Lucila Ohno-Machado,Frederic S. Resnic	2005	"Objectives. Using a local percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) data repository, we sought to compare the performance of a number of local and well-known mortality models with respect to discrimination and calibration.Background. Accurate risk prediction is important for a number of reasons including physician decision support, quality of care assessment, and patient education. Current evidence on the value of applying PCI risk models to individual cases drawn from a different population is controversial.Methods. Data were collected from January 01, 2002 to September 30, 2004 on 5216 consecutive percutaneous coronary interventions at Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA). Logistic regression was used to create a local risk model for in-hospital mortality in these procedures, and a number of statistical methods were used to compare the discrimination and calibration of this new and old local risk models, as well as the Northern New England Cooperative Group, New York State (1992 and 1997), University of Michigan consortium, American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry, and The Cleveland Clinic Foundation risk prediction models. Areas under the ROC (AUC) curves were used to evaluate discrimination, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test and calibration curves assessed applicability of the models to individual cases.Results. Multivariate risk factors included in the newly constructed local model were: age, prior intervention, diabetes, unstable angina, salvage versus elective procedure, cardiogenic shock, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and left anterior descending artery intervention. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.929 (SE = 0.017), and the p value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit was 0.473. This indicates good discrimination and calibration. Bootstrap re-sampling indicated AUC stability. Evaluation of the external models showed an AUC range from 0.82 to 0.90 indicating good discrimination across all models, but poor calibration (HL p value ≤ 0.0001).Conclusions. Validation of AUC values across all models suggests that certain risk factors have remained important over the last decade. However, the lack of calibration suggests that small changes in patient populations and data collection methods quickly reduce the accuracy of patient level estimations over time. Possible solutions to this problem involve either recalibration of models using local data or development of new local models."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Human factors engineering: A tool for medical device evaluation in hospital procurement decision-making.	Gill Ginsburg	2005	A human factors evaluation was conducted to inform hospital procurement decision-making in selecting a general-purpose infusion pump to be used hospital-wide. Three infusion pumps from different vendors were involved in the evaluation, which consisted of two phases: a human factors heuristic assessment of the pumps according to several criteria, and user testing in five clinical areas. The clinical areas were: Oncology, Medical/Surgical, Pediatric, ICU, and Anaesthesiology. Fourteen nurses and three anaesthetists participated in the user testing. Reasonable agreement was observed between results of both phases of the evaluation, and overall results clearly favoured one of the infusion pumps over the others. It is recommended that a human factors evaluation should be performed to influence all hospital procurement decisions when purchasing medical devices, to ensure the best devices are selected for the end users and to ultimately enhance patient safety.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Extracting information on pneumonia in infants using natural language processing of radiology reports.	Eneida A. Mendonça,Janet Haas,Lyudmila Shagina,Elaine Larson,Carol Friedman	2005	"Natural language processing (NLP) is critical for improvement of the healthcare process because it has the potential to encode the vast amount of clinical data in textual patient reports. Many clinical applications require coded data to function appropriately, such as decision support and quality assurance applications. However, in order to be applicable in the clinical domain, performance of the NLP systems must be adequate. A valuable clinical application is the detection of infectious diseases, such as surveillance of healthcare-associated pneumonia in newborns (e.g. neonates) because it produces significant rates of morbidity and mortality, and manual surveillance of respiratory infection in these patients is a challenge. Studies have already demonstrated that automated surveillance using NLP tools is a useful adjunct to manual clinical management, and is an effective tool for infection control practitioners. This paper presents a study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of an NLP-based electronic clinical monitoring system to identify healthcare-associated pneumonia in neonates. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value by comparing the detection with clinicians' judgments and our results demonstrated that the automated method was indeed feasible. Sensitivity (recall) was 87.5%, and specificity (true negative rates) was 94.1%."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A Bayesian network coding scheme for annotating biomedical information presented to genetic counseling clients.	Nancy Green	2005	We developed a Bayesian network coding scheme for annotating biomedical content in layperson-oriented clinical genetics documents. The coding scheme supports the representation of probabilistic and causal relationships among concepts in this domain, at a high enough level of abstraction to capture commonalities among genetic processes and their relationship to health. We are using the coding scheme to annotate a corpus of genetic counseling patient letters as part of the requirements analysis and knowledge acquisition phase of a natural language generation project. This paper describes the coding scheme and presents an evaluation of intercoder reliability for its tag set. In addition to giving examples of use of the coding scheme for analysis of discourse and linguistic features in this genre, we suggest other uses for it in analysis of layperson-oriented text and dialogue in medical communication.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	The anatomy of decision support during inpatient care provider order entry (CPOE): Empirical observations from a decade of CPOE experience at Vanderbilt.	Randolph A. Miller,Lemuel R. Waitman,Sutin Chen,S. Trent Rosenbloom	2005	"The authors describe a pragmatic approach to the introduction of clinical decision support at the point of care, based on a decade of experience in developing and evolving Vanderbilt's inpatient ""WizOrder"" care provider order entry (CPOE) system. The inpatient care setting provides a unique opportunity to interject CPOE-based decision support features that restructure clinical workflows, deliver focused relevant educational materials, and influence how care is delivered to patients. From their empirical observations, the authors have developed a generic model for decision support within inpatient CPOE systems. They believe that the model's utility extends beyond Vanderbilt, because it is based on characteristics of end-user workflows and on decision support considerations that are common to a variety of inpatient settings and CPOE systems. The specific approach to implementing a given clinical decision support feature within a CPOE system should involve evaluation along three axes: what type of intervention to create (for which the authors describe 4 general categories); when to introduce the intervention into the user's workflow (for which the authors present 7 categories), and how disruptive, during use of the system, the intervention might be to end-users' workflows (for which the authors describe 6 categories). Framing decision support in this manner may help both developers and clinical end-users plan future alterations to their systems when needs for new decision support features arise."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Deterministic projection by growing cell structure networks for visualization of high-dimensionality datasets.	Jason W. H. Wong,Hugh M. Cartwright	2005	Recent advances in clinical proteomics data acquisition have led to the generation of datasets of high complexity and dimensionality. We present here a visualization method for high-dimensionality datasets that makes use of neuronal vectors of a trained growing cell structure (GCS) network for the projection of data points onto two dimensions. The use of a GCS network enables the generation of the projection matrix deterministically rather than randomly as in random projection. Three datasets were used to benchmark the performance and to demonstrate the use of this deterministic projection approach in real-life scientific applications. Comparisons are made to an existing self-organizing map projection method and random projection. The results suggest that deterministic projection outperforms existing methods and is suitable for the visualization of datasets of very high dimensionality.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Artifacts and collaborative work in healthcare: methodological, theoretical, and technological implications of the tangible.	Yan Xiao	2005	Although modeled as knowledge work with emphasis on data flow and decision making, healthcare is delivered in the context of a highly structured physical environment, with much effort and emphasis placed on physical and spatial arrangement and re-arrangement of workers, patients, and materials. The tangible aspects of highly collaborative healthcare work have profound implications for research and development of information and communication technology (ICT) despite the tendency to model work as flow of abstract data items. This article reviews field studies in healthcare and other domains on the role of artifacts in collaborative work and draws implications in three areas: methodological, theoretical, and technological. In regard to methodologies, assessment of new ICT and development of user requirements should take into account how artifacts are used and exploited to facilitate collaborative work. In regard to theories, the framework of distributed cognition provides a starting point for modeling the contribution and exploitation of physical artifacts in supporting collaborative work. In regard to technology, design and deployment of new technology should support the functions provided by physical artifacts replaced or disrupted by new technology, and profitable ways for new technology to support collaborative work by embedding ICT into existing infrastructure of physical artifacts.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Prediction of vascular tissue engineering results with artificial neural networks.	Jie Xu,Haiyan Ge,Xiaolin Zhou,Jinglong Yan,Qiang Chi,Zhipeng Zhang	2005	Tissue engineers are often confused on finding the most successful strategy for specific patient. In this study, we used artificial neural networks to predict the outcomes of different vascular tissue engineering strategies, thus providing advisory information for experimental designers. Over 30 variables were used as features of the tissue engineering strategies. Different architectures of artificial neural networks with back propagation algorithm were tested to obtain the best model configuration for the prediction of the tissue engineering strategies. In the computational experiments, the artificial neural networks with one and two hidden layers could, respectively, detect unsuccessful strategies with the highest predictive accuracy of 91.45 and 94.24%. In conclusion, artificial intelligence has great potential in tissue engineering decision support. It can provide accurate advisory information for tissue engineers, thus reducing failures and improving therapeutic effects.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Hiding in plain sight: What Koppel et al. tell us about healthcare IT.	Christopher P. Nemeth,Richard I. Cook	2005	Hiding in plain sight: What Koppel et al. tell us about healthcare IT.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Getting to the point: developing IT for the sharp end of healthcare.	"Christopher P. Nemeth,Mark Nunnally,Michael F. O'Connor,P. A. Klock,Richard I. Cook"	2005	"Healthcare demonstrates the same properties of risk, complexity, uncertainty, dynamic change, and time-pressure as other high hazard sectors including aviation, nuclear power generation, the military, and transportation. Unlike those sectors, healthcare has particular traits that make it unique such as wide variability, ad hoc configuration, evanescence, resource constraints, and governmental and professional regulation. While healthcare's blunt (management) end is more easily understood, the sharp (operator) end is more difficult to research the closer one gets to the sharp end's point. Understanding sharp end practice and cognitive work can improve computer-based systems resilience, which is the ability to perform despite change and challenges. Research into actual practice at the sharp end of healthcare will provide the basis to understand how IT can support clinical practice. That understanding can be used to develop computer-based systems that will act as team players, able to support both individual and distributed cognitive work at healthcare's sharp end."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Clinical machine learning.	Lucila Ohno-Machado	2005	Clinical machine learning.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Prospective recruitment of patients with congestive heart failure using an ad-hoc binary classifier.	Sergey V. Pakhomov,James D. Buntrock,Christopher G. Chute	2005	This paper addresses a very specific problem of identifying patients diagnosed with a specific condition for potential recruitment in a clinical trial or an epidemiological study. We present a simple machine learning method for identifying patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure and other related conditions by automatically classifying clinical notes dictated at Mayo Clinic. This method relies on an automatic classifier trained on comparable amounts of positive and negative samples of clinical notes previously categorized by human experts. The documents are represented as feature vectors, where features are a mix of demographic information as well as single words and concept mappings to MeSH and HICDA classification systems. We compare two simple and efficient classification algorithms (Naïve Bayes and Perceptron) and a baseline term spotting method with respect to their accuracy and recall on positive samples. Depending on the test set, we find that Naïve Bayes yields better recall on positive samples (95 vs. 86%) but worse accuracy than Perceptron (57 vs. 65%). Both algorithms perform better than the baseline with recall on positive samples of 71% and accuracy of 54%.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Human-centered computing in health information systems Part 1: Analysis and design.	Jiajie Zhang	2005	Human-centered computing in health information systems Part 1: Analysis and design.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Human-centered computing in health information systems: Part 2: Evaluation.	Jiajie Zhang	2005	Human-centered computing in health information systems: Part 2: Evaluation.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Identifying barriers to the effective use of clinical reminders: Bootstrapping multiple methods.	Emily S. Patterson,Bradley N. Doebbeling,Constance H. Fung,Laura G. Militello,Shilo Anders,Steven M. Asch	2005	"Advances in electronic medical record capabilities enable clinical reminders to inform providers when recommended actions are ""due"" for a patient. Despite evidence that they improve adherence to guidelines, the Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) has experienced challenges in having providers consistently use clinical reminders as intended. In this paper, we describe how multiple methods were used to opportunistically triangulate, or ""bootstrap,"" an understanding of barriers to the effective use of clinical reminders in the VHA. In an initial study using ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews of HIV clinical reminders, we identified six barriers to effective use: workload, time to remove inapplicable reminders, false alarms, training, reduced eye contact, and the use of paper forms rather than software. In a second study, we collected open-ended and closed-ended data regarding barriers and facilitators to the use of clinical reminders in general in the VHA through a survey of 261 participants at a national informatics meeting, where 104 of 142 VHA health care facilities were represented. The findings from the second study extended our understanding of the previously identified barriers. In addition, four new barriers were identified: ease of use issues, accessibility of workstations, resident physicians and trainees, and administration benefiting more than providers from clinical reminder use. We discuss potential implications regarding the similarities and differences in study findings for factors to consider in planning interventions to improve clinical reminder use."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A global goodness-of-fit test for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis via the bootstrap method.	Kelly H. Zou,Frederic S. Resnic,Ion-Florin Talos,Daniel Goldberg-Zimring,Jui G. Bhagwat,Steven Haker,Ron Kikinis,Ferenc A. Jolesz,Lucila Ohno-Machado	2005	Objective. Medical classification accuracy studies often yield continuous data based on predictive models for treatment outcomes. A popular method for evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests is the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The main objective was to develop a global statistical hypothesis test for assessing the goodness-of-fit (GOF) for parametric ROC curves via the bootstrap.Design. A simple log (or logit) and a more flexible Box-Cox normality transformations were applied to untransformed or transformed data from two clinical studies to predict complications following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) and for image-guided neurosurgical resection results predicted by tumor volume, respectively. We compared a non-parametric with a parametric binormal estimate of the underlying ROC curve. To construct such a GOF test, we used the non-parametric and parametric areas under the curve (AUCs) as the metrics, with a resulting p value reported.Results. In the interventional cardiology example, logit and Box-Cox transformations of the predictive probabilities led to satisfactory AUCs (AUC = 0.888; p = 0.78, and AUC = 0.888; p = 0.73, respectively), while in the brain tumor resection example, log and Box-Cox transformations of the tumor size also led to satisfactory AUCs (AUC = 0.898; p = 0.61, and AUC = 0.899; p = 0.42, respectively). In contrast, significant departures from GOF were observed without applying any transformation prior to assuming a binormal model (AUC = 0.766; p = 0.004, and AUC=0.831; p = 0.03), respectively.Conclusions. In both studies the p values suggested that transformations were important to consider before applying any binormal model to estimate the AUC. Our analyses also demonstrated and confirmed the predictive values of different classifiers for determining the interventional complications following PCIs and resection outcomes in image-guided neurosurgery.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Primary care physician time utilization before and after implementation of an electronic health record: A time-motion study.	Lisa Pizziferri,Anne F. Kittler,Lynn A. Volk,Melissa M. Honour,Sameer Gupta,Samuel J. Wang,Tiffany Wang,Margaret Lippincott,Qi Li,David W. Bates	2005	"Despite benefits associated with the use of electronic health records (EHRs), one major barrier to adoption is the concern that EHRs may take longer for physicians to use than paper-based systems. To address this issue, we performed a time-motion study in five primary care clinics. Twenty physicians were observed and specific activities were timed during a clinic session before and after EHR implementation. Surveys evaluated physicians' perceptions regarding the EHR. Post-implementation, the adjusted mean over-all time spent per patient during clinic sessions decreased by 0.5 min (p = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [-5.05, 6.04]) from a preintervention adjusted average of 27.55 min (SE = 2.1) to a post-intervention adjusted average of 27.05 min (SE = 1.6). A majority of survey respondents believed EHR use results in quality improvement, yet only 29% reported that EHR documentation takes the same amount of time or less compared to the paper-based system. While the EHR did not require more time for physicians during a clinic session, further studies should assess the EHR's potential impact on non-clinic time."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Technology, work, and information flows: Lessons from the implementation of a wireless alert pager system.	Madhu C. Reddy,David W. McDonald,Wanda Pratt,M. Michael Shabot	2005	The combination of collaborative work practices and information technology affect the flow of information in clinical settings. The introduction of a new technology into these settings can change not only established work practices but also the information flows. In this paper, we examine the introduction of a wireless alerts pager in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Through a qualitative study, we analyze the effects that this new information tool had on both the work practices in the SICU and the information flow in the unit. We describe four challenges that SICU staff members faced with respect to the alerts pagers. We found that the pager provided new routes of information to SICU staff but in doing so disrupted existing work practices and information flows.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Human-centered design of a distributed knowledge management system.	Susan Rinkus,Muhammad F. Walji,Kathy A. Johnson-Throop,Jane T. Malin,James P. Turley,Jack W. Smith,Jiajie Zhang	2005	"Many healthcare technology projects fail due to the lack of consideration of human issues, such as workflow, organizational change, and usability, during the design and implementation stages of a project's development process. Even when human issues are considered, the consideration is typically on designing better user interfaces. We argue that human-centered computing goes beyond a better user interface: it should include considerations of users, functions and tasks that are fundamental to human-centered computing. From this perspective, we integrated a previously developed human-centered methodology with a Project Design Life-cycle, and we applied this integration in the design of a complex distributed knowledge management system for the Biomedical Engineer (BME) domain in the Mission Control Center at NASA Johnson Space Center. We analyzed this complex system, identified its problems, generated systems requirements, and provided specifications of a replacement prototype for effective organizational memory and knowledge management. We demonstrated the value provided by our human-centered approach and described the unique properties, structures, and processes discovered using this methodology and how they contributed in the design of the prototype."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Using qualitative studies to improve the usability of an EMR.	Alan F. Rose,Jeffrey L. Schnipper,Elyse R. Park,Eric G. Poon,Qi Li,Blackford Middleton	2005	"The adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) and user satisfaction are closely associated with the system's usability. To improve the usability of a results management module of a widely deployed web-based EMR, we conducted two qualitative studies that included multiple focus group and field study sessions. Qualitative research can help focus attention on user tasks and goals and identify patterns of care that can be visualized through task modeling exercises. Findings from both studies raised issues with the amount and organization of information in the display, interference with workflow patterns of primary care physicians, and the availability of visual cues and feedback. We used the findings of these studies to recommend design changes to the user interface of the results management module."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Evaluation of a pulmonary graphical display in the medical intensive care unit: An observational study.	S. Blake Wachter,Boaz Markewitz,Robert Rose,Dwayne R. Westenskow	2005	We developed a pulmonary graphic display that depicts pulmonary physiological variables for intubated, mechanically ventilated patients in a graphical format. The pulmonary graphical display presents multiple respiratory variables and changes are depicted by alterations in shape and color. Learning how this new technology will be integrated and accepted by users is an important step before it is introduced into the clinical arena. This study observed use and acceptance of the pulmonary graphical display by health care providers in an intensive care unit. Investigators noted that physicians, respiratory therapists, and nurses observed the pulmonary graphical display on average six, three, and one times, respectively, per patient room entry. Based on questionnaires, the pulmonary graphical display was perceived as useful, a desirable addition to current ICU monitors, and an accurate representation of respiratory variables.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	A systems engineering perspective on the human-centered design of health information systems.	George M. Samaras,Richard L. Horst	2005	"The discipline of systems engineering, over the past five decades, has used a structured systematic approach to managing the ""cradle to grave"" development of products and processes. While elements of this approach are typically used to guide the development of information systems that instantiate a significant user interface, it appears to be rare for the entire process to be implemented. In fact, a number of authors have put forth development lifecycle models that are subsets of the classical systems engineering method, but fail to include steps such as incremental hazard analysis and post-deployment corrective and preventative actions. In that most health information systems have safety implications, we argue that the design and development of such systems would benefit by implementing this systems engineering approach in full. Particularly with regard to bringing a human-centered perspective to the formulation of system requirements and the configuration of effective user interfaces, this classical systems engineering method provides an excellent framework for incorporating human factors (ergonomics) knowledge and integrating ergonomists in the interdisciplinary development of health information systems."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	New probabilistic graphical models for genetic regulatory networks studies.	Junbai Wang,Leo Wang-Kit Cheung,Jan Delabie	2005	This paper introduces two new probabilistic graphical models for reconstruction of genetic regulatory networks using DNA microarray data. One is an independence graph (IG) model with either a forward or a backward search algorithm and the other one is a Gaussian network (GN) model with a novel greedy search method. The performances of both models were evaluated on four MAPK pathways in yeast and three simulated data sets. Generally, an IG model provides a sparse graph but a GN model produces a dense graph where more information about gene-gene interactions may be preserved. The results of our proposed models were compared with several other commonly used models, and our models have shown to give superior performance. Additionally, we found the same common limitations in the prediction of genetic regulatory networks when using only DNA microarray data.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Individualizing generic decision models using assessments as evidence.	George C. Scott,Ross D. Shachter	2005	"Complex decision models in expert systems often depend upon a number of utilities and subjective probabilities for an individual. Although these values can be estimated for entire populations or demographic subgroups, a model should be customized to the individual's specific parameter values. This process can be onerous and inefficient for practical decisions. We propose an interactive approach for incrementally improving our knowledge about a specific individual's parameter values, including utilities and probabilities, given a decision model and a prior joint probability distribution over the parameter values. We define the concept of value of elicitation and use it to determine dynamically the next most informative elicitation for a given individual. We evaluated the approach using an example model and demonstrate that we can improve the decision quality by focusing on those parameter values most material to the decision."
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	CPOE and the facilitation of medication errors.	Edward H. Shortliffe	2005	CPOE and the facilitation of medication errors.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Group-Slicer: A collaborative extension of 3D-Slicer.	Federico Simmross-Wattenberg,Noemí Carranza-Herrezuelo,Cristina Palacios-Camarero,Pablo Casaseca-de-la-Higuera,Miguel Ángel Martín-Fernández,Santiago Aja-Fernández,Juan Ruiz-Alzola,Carl-Fredrik Westin,Carlos Alberola-López	2005	In this paper, we describe a first step towards a collaborative extension of the well-known 3D-Slicer; this platform is nowadays used as a standalone tool for both surgical planning and medical intervention. We show how this tool can be easily modified to make it collaborative so that it may constitute an integrated environment for expertise exchange as well as a useful tool for academic purposes.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	Response to commentaries on Koppel et al.	Robert L. Wears	2005	Response to commentaries on Koppel et al.
Journal of Biomedical Informatics	"A framework for capturing the interactions between laypersons' understanding of disease, information gathering behaviors, and actions taken during an epidemic."	Laura Slaughter,Alla Keselman,André Kushniruk,Vimla L. Patel	2005	"This paper provides a description of a methodological framework designed to capture the inter-relationships between the lay publics' understanding of health-related processes, information gathering behaviors, and actions taken during an outbreak. We developed and refined our methods during a study involving eight participants living in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-affected areas (Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Toronto). The framework is an adaptation of narrative analysis, a qualitative method that is used to investigate a phenomenon through interpretation of the stories people tell about their experiences. From our work, several hypotheses emerged that will contribute to future research. For example, our findings showed that many decisions in an epidemic are carefully considered and involve use of significant information gathering. Having a good model of lay actions based on information received and beliefs held will contribute to the development of more effective information support systems in the event of a future epidemic."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A knowledge creation info-structure to acquire and crystallize the tacit knowledge of health-care experts.	Syed Sibte Raza Abidi,Yu-N Cheah,Janet Curran-Smith	2005	A knowledge creation info-structure to acquire and crystallize the tacit knowledge of health-care experts.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A support vectors classifier approach to predicting the risk of progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.	Peter O. Ajemba,Lino Ramirez,Nelson G. Durdle,Doug L. Hill,V. James Raso	2005	A support vectors classifier approach to predicting the risk of progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A technological model to define access to electronic clinical records.	Andrew Dalley,John Fulcher,David Bomba,Ken Lynch,Peter Feltham	2005	A technological model to define access to electronic clinical records.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An intelligent remote monitoring system for artificial heart.	Jaesoon Choi,J. W. Park,Jinhan Chung,B. G. Min	2005	An intelligent remote monitoring system for artificial heart.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A tele-operated mobile ultrasound scanner using a light-weight robot.	Cécile Delgorge,Fabien Courreges,Lama Al Bassit,Cyril Novales,Christophe Rosenberger,Natalie Smith-Guerin,Concepció Brù,Rosa Gilabert,Maurizio Vannoni,Gérard Poisson,Pierre Vieyres	2005	A tele-operated mobile ultrasound scanner using a light-weight robot.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Versatile clinical information system design for emergency departments.	Teh Amouh,Monica Gemo,Benoit M. Macq,Jean Vanderdonckt,Abdul Wahed El Gariani,Marc S. Reynaert,Lambert Stamatakis,Frédéric Thys	2005	Versatile clinical information system design for emergency departments.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Semantics-based information modeling for the health-care administration sector: the Citation platform.	A. G. Anagnostakis,M. Tzima,G. C. Sakellaris,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Aristidis Likas	2005	Semantics-based information modeling for the health-care administration sector: the Citation platform.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Managing knowledge integration in a national health-care crisis: lessons learned from combating SARS in Singapore.	Paul Raj Devadoss,Shan Ling Pan,S. Singh	2005	Managing knowledge integration in a national health-care crisis: lessons learned from combating SARS in Singapore.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Flexible technologies and smart clothing for citizen medicine, home healthcare, and disease prevention.	Fabrice Axisa,P. M. Schmitt,Claudine Géhin,G. Delhomme,Eric McAdams,André Dittmar	2005	Flexible technologies and smart clothing for citizen medicine, home healthcare, and disease prevention.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication system for integrated sensor microsystems.	Nizamettin Aydin,Tughrul Arslan,David R. S. Cumming	2005	A direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication system for integrated sensor microsystems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	SOPHIA: an interactive cluster-based retrieval system for the OHSUMED collection.	Vladimir Dobrynin,David W. Patterson,Mykola Galushka,Niall Rooney	2005	SOPHIA: an interactive cluster-based retrieval system for the OHSUMED collection.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Clinical and Health-Care Knowledge Management.	Rajeev K. Bali,David Dagan Feng,Frada Burstein,Ashish N. Dwivedi	2005	Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Clinical and Health-Care Knowledge Management.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Tailored reversible watermarking schemes for authentication of electronic clinical atlas.	Feng Bao,Robert H. Deng,Beng Chin Ooi,Yanjiang Yang	2005	Tailored reversible watermarking schemes for authentication of electronic clinical atlas.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Knowledge representation and sharing using visual semantic modeling for diagnostic medical image databases.	Adrian S. Barb,Chi-Ren Shyu,Yash Sethi	2005	Knowledge representation and sharing using visual semantic modeling for diagnostic medical image databases.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Using key performance indicators as knowledge-management tools at a regional health-care authority level.	Alexandros Berler,Sotiris Pavlopoulos,Dimitrios Koutsouris	2005	Using key performance indicators as knowledge-management tools at a regional health-care authority level.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Automated DNA fragments recognition and sizing through AFM image processing.	Elisa Ficarra,Luca Benini,Enrico Macii,Giampaolo Zuccheri	2005	Automated DNA fragments recognition and sizing through AFM image processing.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An XML model that enables the development of complex order sets by clinical experts.	Guilherme Del Fiol,Roberto A. Rocha,Richard L. Bradshaw,Nathan C. Hulse,Lorrie K. Roemer	2005	An XML model that enables the development of complex order sets by clinical experts.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	mobilePDR : a mobile medical information system featuring update via Internet.	Miroslav Bojovic,Dragan Bojic	2005	mobilePDR : a mobile medical information system featuring update via Internet.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Organic field effect transistors for textile applications.	Annalisa Bonfiglio,Danilo De Rossi,Tünde Kirstein,Ivo Locher,F. Mameli,Rita Paradiso,G. Vozzi	2005	Organic field effect transistors for textile applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	On the performance of telemedicine system using 17-GHz orthogonally polarized microwave links under the influence of heavy rainfall.	Bernard Fong,Alvis Cheuk M. Fong,G. Y. Hong	2005	On the performance of telemedicine system using 17-GHz orthogonally polarized microwave links under the influence of heavy rainfall.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Conceptual framework of knowledge management for ethical decision-making support in neonatal intensive car.	"Monique Frize,Lan Yang,Robin C. Walker,Annette M. O'Connor"	2005	Conceptual framework of knowledge management for ethical decision-making support in neonatal intensive car.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Database design and implementation for quantitative image analysis research.	Matthew S. Brown,Sumit Shah,Richard C. Pais,Yeng-Zhong Lee,Michael F. McNitt-Gray,Jonathan G. Goldin,Alfonso F. Cardenas,Denise R. Aberle	2005	Database design and implementation for quantitative image analysis research.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Performance analysis of multiplexed medical data transmission for mobile emergency care over the UMTS channel.	José Ramón Gállego,Ángela Hernández-Solana,María Canales,Javier Lafuente,Antonio Valdovinos,Julián Fernández-Navajas	2005	Performance analysis of multiplexed medical data transmission for mobile emergency care over the UMTS channel.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Electroactive polymer-based devices for e-textiles in biomedicine.	F. Carpi,D. De Rossi	2005	Electroactive polymer-based devices for e-textiles in biomedicine.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Comparing knowledge management in health-care and technical support organizations.	Biswadip Ghosh,Judy E. Scott	2005	Comparing knowledge management in health-care and technical support organizations.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	"Correction to ""Electroactive Polymer-Based Devices for e-Textiles in Biomedicine""."	F. Carpi,D. De Rossi	2005	"Correction to ""Electroactive Polymer-Based Devices for e-Textiles in Biomedicine""."
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Technical guidelines for enhancing privacy and data protection in modern electronic medical environments.	Dimitris Gritzalis,Costas Lambrinoudakis,Dimitrios Lekkas,S. Deftereos	2005	Technical guidelines for enhancing privacy and data protection in modern electronic medical environments.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A new preprocessing approach for cell recognition.	X. Long,W. L. Cleveland,Y. L. Yao	2005	A new preprocessing approach for cell recognition.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Incremental adoption of information security in health-care organizations: implications for document management.	Daniel P. Lorence,Richard Churchill	2005	Incremental adoption of information security in health-care organizations: implications for document management.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Clinical knowledge management using computerized patient record systems: is the current infrastructure adequate?	Daniel P. Lorence,Richard Churchill	2005	Clinical knowledge management using computerized patient record systems: is the current infrastructure adequate?
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Strain sensing fabric for hand posture and gesture monitoring.	Federico Lorussi,Enzo Pasquale Scilingo,M. Tesconi,Alessandro Tognetti,Danilo De Rossi	2005	Strain sensing fabric for hand posture and gesture monitoring.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Exploring sitting posture and discomfort using nonlinear analysis methods.	S. Hermann	2005	Exploring sitting posture and discomfort using nonlinear analysis methods.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	LV shape and motion: B-spline-based deformable model and sequential motion decomposition.	Guo Luo,Pheng-Ann Heng	2005	LV shape and motion: B-spline-based deformable model and sequential motion decomposition.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	The citizen health system (CHS): a Modular medical contact center providing quality telemedicine services.	Nicos Maglaveras,Ioanna Chouvarda,Vassilis Koutkias,George Gogou,Irini Lekka,Dimitrios Goulis,Avram Avramidis,Charalambos Karvounis,George Louridas,E. Andrew Balas	2005	The citizen health system (CHS): a Modular medical contact center providing quality telemedicine services.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An integrated computer supported acquisition, handling, and characterization system for pigmented skin lesions in dermatological images.	Ilias Maglogiannis,Sotiris Pavlopoulos,Dimitrios Koutsouris	2005	An integrated computer supported acquisition, handling, and characterization system for pigmented skin lesions in dermatological images.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Volume manipulations for Simulating bone and joint surgery.	Ming-Dar Tsai,Ming-Shium Hsieh	2005	Volume manipulations for Simulating bone and joint surgery.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	From data to knowledge: a method for modeling hospital logistic processes.	Laura Maruster,René J. Jorna	2005	From data to knowledge: a method for modeling hospital logistic processes.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Analysis of information and communication needs in rural primary health care in developing countrie.	Andrés Martínez,Valentín Villarroel,Joaquín Seoane,Francisco del Pozo	2005	Analysis of information and communication needs in rural primary health care in developing countrie.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Prediction of care class by local additive reference to prototypical examples.	T. Miyano,T. Tsutsui,Y. Seki,S. Higashino,H. Taniguchi	2005	Prediction of care class by local additive reference to prototypical examples.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Aligning biological sequences on distributed bus networks: a divisible load scheduling approach.	Wong Han Min,Bharadwaj Veeravalli	2005	Aligning biological sequences on distributed bus networks: a divisible load scheduling approach.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Mobile tele-echography: user interface design.	Cristina Cañero Morales,Nikolaos Thomos,George A. Triantafyllidis,George C. Litos,Michael G. Strintzis	2005	Mobile tele-echography: user interface design.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Motion compensated lossy-to-lossless compression of 4-D medical images using integer wavelet transforms.	Ashraf A. Kassim,Pingkun Yan,Wei Siong Lee,Kuntal Sengupta	2005	Motion compensated lossy-to-lossless compression of 4-D medical images using integer wavelet transforms.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A multiparameter wearable physiologic monitoring system for space and terrestrial applications.	Carsten W. Mundt,Kevin N. Montgomery,U. E. Udoh,V. N. Barker,G. C. Thonier,A. M. Tellier,R. D. Ricks,R. Bruce Darling,Y. D. Cagle,N. A. Cabrol,S. J. Ruoss,J. L. Swain,J. W. Hines,Gregory T. A. Kovacs	2005	A multiparameter wearable physiologic monitoring system for space and terrestrial applications.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Virtual endoscopic visualization of the colon by shape-scale signatures.	Janne Näppi,Hans Frimmel,Hiroyuki Yoshida	2005	Virtual endoscopic visualization of the colon by shape-scale signatures.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A multiagent system enhancing home-care health services for chronic disease management.	Vassilis Koutkias,Ioanna Chouvarda,Nicos Maglaveras	2005	A multiagent system enhancing home-care health services for chronic disease management.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors.	Rita Paradiso,Giannicola Loriga,N. Taccini	2005	A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Telemedicine diffusion in a developing Country: The case of India (march 2004).	A. Pal,Victor Wacham A. Mbarika,Fay Cobb Payton,Pratim Datta,Scott McCoy	2005	Telemedicine diffusion in a developing Country: The case of India (march 2004).
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Developing decision support for dialysis treatment of chronic kidney failure.	Srinivasa R. Raghavan,Vladimir Ladik,K. B. Meyer	2005	Developing decision support for dialysis treatment of chronic kidney failure.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Artificial neural network medical decision support tool: predicting transfusion requirements of ER patients.	S. Walczak	2005	Artificial neural network medical decision support tool: predicting transfusion requirements of ER patients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Bluetooth telemedicine Processor for multichannel biomedical signal transmission via mobile cellular networks.	Mohd Fadlee A. Rasid,Bryan Woodward	2005	Bluetooth telemedicine Processor for multichannel biomedical signal transmission via mobile cellular networks.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Real-time classification of ECGs on a PDA.	Jimena Rodríguez,Alfredo Goñi,Arantza Illarramendi	2005	Real-time classification of ECGs on a PDA.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Development of electronic textiles to support networks, communications, and medical applications in future U.S. Military protective clothing systems.	C. A. Winterhalter,J. Teverovsky,P. Wilson,J. Slade,W. Horowitz,E. Tierney,V. Sharma	2005	Development of electronic textiles to support networks, communications, and medical applications in future U.S. Military protective clothing systems.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Evaluation of statistical association measures for the automatic signal generation in pharmacovigilance.	E. Roux,Frantz Thiessard,A. Fourrier,B. Begaud,P. Tubert-Bitter	2005	Evaluation of statistical association measures for the automatic signal generation in pharmacovigilance.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Airmed-cardio: a GSM and Internet services-based system for out-of-hospital follow-up of cardiac patients.	Carlos Hernández Salvador,M. Pascual Carrasco,M. A. González de Mingo,A. Muñoz Carrero,J. Márquez Montes,L. Sosa Martin,Miguel A. Cavero,I. Fernández Lozano,Jose Luis Monteagudo	2005	Airmed-cardio: a GSM and Internet services-based system for out-of-hospital follow-up of cardiac patients.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Performance evaluation of sensing fabrics for monitoring physiological and biomechanical variables.	Enzo Pasquale Scilingo,A. Gemignani,Rita Paradiso,N. Taccini,B. Ghelarducci,Danilo De Rossi	2005	Performance evaluation of sensing fabrics for monitoring physiological and biomechanical variables.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Unsupervised segmentation based on robust estimation and color active contour models.	Lin Yang,Peter Meer,David J. Foran	2005	Unsupervised segmentation based on robust estimation and color active contour models.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	A wearable point-of-care system for home use that incorporates plug-and-play and wireless standards.	Jianchu Yao,R. Schmitz,S. Warren	2005	A wearable point-of-care system for home use that incorporates plug-and-play and wireless standards.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Recording of time-varying back-pain data: a wireless solution.	Tacha Serif,George Ghinea	2005	Recording of time-varying back-pain data: a wireless solution.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	MRI fuzzy segmentation of brain tissue using neighborhood attraction with neural-network optimization.	Shan Shen,W. Sandham,M. Granat,Annette Sterr	2005	MRI fuzzy segmentation of brain tissue using neighborhood attraction with neural-network optimization.
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	An evaluation of contrast enhancement techniques for mammographic breast masses.	Sameer Singh,Keir Bovis	2005	An evaluation of contrast enhancement techniques for mammographic breast masses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust active appearance models and their application to medical image analysis.	Reinhard Beichel,Horst Bischof,Franz Leberl,Milan Sonka	2005	Robust active appearance models and their application to medical image analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Optimization of geometrical calibration in pinhole SPECT.	Dirk Beque,Johan Nuyts,Paul Suetens,Guy Bormans	2005	Optimization of geometrical calibration in pinhole SPECT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Resolution-effective diameters for asymmetric-knife-edge pinhole collimators.	Roberto Accorsi,Scott D. Metzler	2005	Resolution-effective diameters for asymmetric-knife-edge pinhole collimators.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vessel tree reconstruction in thoracic CT scans with application to nodule detection.	Gady Agam,Samuel G. Armato III,Changhua Wu	2005	Vessel tree reconstruction in thoracic CT scans with application to nodule detection.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	New denoising scheme for magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals.	Osama A. Ahmed	2005	New denoising scheme for magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Alignment of sparse freehand 3-D ultrasound with preoperative images of the liver using models of respiratory motion and deformation.	Jane M. Blackall,Graeme P. Penney,Andrew P. King,David J. Hawkes	2005	Alignment of sparse freehand 3-D ultrasound with preoperative images of the liver using models of respiratory motion and deformation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mixture model analysis of DNA microarray images.	Konstantinos Blekas,Nikolas P. Galatsanos,Aristidis Likas,Isaac E. Lagaris	2005	Mixture model analysis of DNA microarray images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	En Pi: Filtered Back-Projection Algorithm for Helical CT Using an n-Pi Acquisition.	Claas Bontus,Thomas Köhler,Roland Proksa	2005	En Pi: Filtered Back-Projection Algorithm for Helical CT Using an n-Pi Acquisition.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Structural group classification technique based on regional fMRI BOLD responses.	Piotr Bogorodzki,Jadwiga Rogowska,Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd	2005	Structural group classification technique based on regional fMRI BOLD responses.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification of cervical carcinoma invasion fronts from histological serial sections.	Ulf-Dietrich Braumann,Jens-Peer Kuska,Jens Einenkel,Lars-Christian Horn,Markus Löffler,Michael Höckel	2005	Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification of cervical carcinoma invasion fronts from histological serial sections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Half-time image reconstruction in thermoacoustic tomography.	Mark A. Anastasio,Jin Zhang,Xiaochuan Pan,Yu Zou,Geng Ku,Lihong V. Wang	2005	Half-time image reconstruction in thermoacoustic tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Feasibility of half-data image reconstruction in 3-D reflectivity tomography with a spherical aperture.	Mark A. Anastasio,Jin Zhang,Emil Y. Sidky,Yu Zou,Dan Xia,Xiaochuan Pan	2005	Feasibility of half-data image reconstruction in 3-D reflectivity tomography with a spherical aperture.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A general tool for the evaluation of spiral CT interpolation algorithms: revisiting the effect of pitch in multislice CT.	Ivan Bricault,Gilbert Ferretti	2005	A general tool for the evaluation of spiral CT interpolation algorithms: revisiting the effect of pitch in multislice CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accelerated penalized weighted least-squares and maximum likelihood algorithms for reconstructing transmission images from PET transmission data.	John M. M. Anderson,R. Srinivasan,Bernard Anthony Mair,John R. Votaw	2005	Accelerated penalized weighted least-squares and maximum likelihood algorithms for reconstructing transmission images from PET transmission data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Distributed vector Processing of a new local MultiScale Fourier transform for medical imaging applications.	Robert A. Brown,Hongmei Zhu,J. Ross Mitchell	2005	Distributed vector Processing of a new local MultiScale Fourier transform for medical imaging applications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of fully 3-D emission mammotomography with a compact cadmium zinc telluride detector.	Caryl N. Brzymialkiewicz,Martin P. Tornai,Randolph L. McKinley,James E. Bowsher	2005	Evaluation of fully 3-D emission mammotomography with a compact cadmium zinc telluride detector.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An augmented reality system for patient-specific guidance of cardiac catheter ablation procedures.	Stijn De Buck,Frederik Maes,J. Ector,Jan Bogaert,Steven Dymarkowski,Hein Heidbuchel,Paul Suetens	2005	An augmented reality system for patient-specific guidance of cardiac catheter ablation procedures.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Assessment of vulnerable plaque composition by matching the deformation of a parametric plaque model to measured plaque deformation.	Radj A. Baldewsing,Johannes A. Schaar,Frits Mastik,Cees. W. J. Oomens,Anton F. W. van der Steen	2005	Assessment of vulnerable plaque composition by matching the deformation of a parametric plaque model to measured plaque deformation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Rapid gridding reconstruction with a minimal oversampling ratio.	Philip J. Beatty,Dwight G. Nishimura,John M. Pauly	2005	Rapid gridding reconstruction with a minimal oversampling ratio.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Submillimeter measurement of cup migration in clinical standard radiographs.	Kathrin Burckhardt,Gábor Székely,Hubert Nötzli,J. Hodler,C. Gerber	2005	Submillimeter measurement of cup migration in clinical standard radiographs.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Estimation of extraction fraction (EF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using MRI: considerations derived from a new Gd-chelate biodistribution model Simulation.	Michael H. Buonocore,Richard W. Katzberg	2005	Estimation of extraction fraction (EF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using MRI: considerations derived from a new Gd-chelate biodistribution model Simulation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A stochastic model for studying the laminar structure of cortex from MRI.	Patrick Barta,Michael I. Miller,Anqi Qiu	2005	A stochastic model for studying the laminar structure of cortex from MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping of vector fields.	Yan Cao,Michael I. Miller,Raimond L. Winslow,Laurent Younes	2005	Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping of vector fields.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Wavelet coding of volumetric medical images for high throughput and operability.	Xiaolin Wu,Tong Qiu	2005	Wavelet coding of volumetric medical images for high throughput and operability.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Compensating for intraoperative soft-tissue deformations using incomplete surface data and finite elements.	David M. Cash,Michael I. Miga,Tuhin K. Sinha,Robert L. Galloway,William C. Chapman	2005	Compensating for intraoperative soft-tissue deformations using incomplete surface data and finite elements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison and validation of tissue modelization and statistical classification methods in T1-weighted MR brain images.	Meritxell Bach Cuadra,Leila Cammoun,Torsten Butz,Olivier Cuisenaire,Jean-Philippe Thiran	2005	Comparison and validation of tissue modelization and statistical classification methods in T1-weighted MR brain images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Efficient pipeline for image-based patient-specific analysis of cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics: technique and sensitivity.	Juan R. Cebral,Marcelo Adrián Castro,Sunil Appanaboyina,Christopher M. Putman,Daniel Millan,Alejandro F. Frangi	2005	Efficient pipeline for image-based patient-specific analysis of cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics: technique and sensitivity.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Efficient simulation of blood flow past complex endovascular devices using an adaptive embedding technique.	Juan R. Cebral,Rainald Löhner	2005	Efficient simulation of blood flow past complex endovascular devices using an adaptive embedding technique.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Nonlinear phase correction with an extended statistical algorithm.	Zheng Chang,Qing-San Xiang	2005	Nonlinear phase correction with an extended statistical algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Intravital leukocyte detection using the gradient inverse coefficient of variation.	Gang Dong,Nilanjan Ray,Scott T. Acton	2005	Intravital leukocyte detection using the gradient inverse coefficient of variation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Partial Volume Effect Compensation for Quantitative Brain SPECT Imaging.	Yong Du,Benjamin M. W. Tsui,Eric C. Frey	2005	Partial Volume Effect Compensation for Quantitative Brain SPECT Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Automated Method for Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Circulating Particles From In vivo Video Microscopy.	Eran Eden,Dan Waisman,Michael Rudzsky,Haim Bitterman,Vera Brod,Ehud Rivlin	2005	An Automated Method for Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Circulating Particles From In vivo Video Microscopy.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"Restrictions on the three-class ideal observer's decision boundary lines."	Darrin C. Edwards,Charles E. Metz	2005	"Restrictions on the three-class ideal observer's decision boundary lines."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"The hypervolume under the ROC hypersurface of ""Near-Guessing"" and Near-Perfect"" observers in N-class classification tasks."	Darrin C. Edwards,Charles E. Metz,Robert M. Nishikawa	2005	"The hypervolume under the ROC hypersurface of ""Near-Guessing"" and Near-Perfect"" observers in N-class classification tasks."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Graphical-model-based morphometric analysis.	Rong Chen,Edward Herskovits	2005	Graphical-model-based morphometric analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Delay Correlation Subspace Decomposition Algorithm and Its Application in fMRI.	H. Chen,D. Yao,W. Chen,L. Chen	2005	Delay Correlation Subspace Decomposition Algorithm and Its Application in fMRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-aided placement of deep brain stimulators: from planningto intraoperative guidance.	"Pierre-François D'Haese,Ebru Cetinkaya,Peter E. Konrad,Chris Kao,Benoit M. Dawant"	2005	Computer-aided placement of deep brain stimulators: from planningto intraoperative guidance.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Unsupervised learning and mapping of active brain functional MRI signals based on hidden semi-Markov event sequence models.	Sylvain Faisan,Laurent Thoraval,Jean-Paul Armspach,Marie-Noëlle Metz-Lutz,Fabrice Heitz	2005	Unsupervised learning and mapping of active brain functional MRI signals based on hidden semi-Markov event sequence models.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust nonrigid registration to capture brain shift from intraoperative MRI.	Olivier Clatz,Hervé Delingette,Ion-Florin Talos,Alexandra Golby,Ron Kikinis,Ferenc A. Jolesz,Nicholas Ayache,Simon K. Warfield	2005	Robust nonrigid registration to capture brain shift from intraoperative MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Realistic simulation of the 3-D growth of brain tumors in MR images coupling diffusion with biomechanical deformation.	Olivier Clatz,Maxime Sermesant,Pierre-Yves Bondiau,Hervé Delingette,Simon K. Warfield,Grégoire Malandain,Nicholas Ayache	2005	Realistic simulation of the 3-D growth of brain tumors in MR images coupling diffusion with biomechanical deformation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tracking of migrating cells under phase-contrast video microscopy with combined mean-shift processes.	Olivier Debeir,Philippe Van Ham,Robert Kiss,Christine Decaestecker	2005	Tracking of migrating cells under phase-contrast video microscopy with combined mean-shift processes.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Delineating Fluid-Filled Region Boundaries in Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Retina.	Delia Cabrera Fernandez	2005	Delineating Fluid-Filled Region Boundaries in Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Retina.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A fully automated calibration method for an optical see-through head-mounted operating microscope with variable zoom and focus.	Michael Figl,Christopher Ede,Johann Hummel,Felix Wanschitz,Rolf Ewers,Helmar Bergmann,Wolfgang Birkfellner	2005	A fully automated calibration method for an optical see-through head-mounted operating microscope with variable zoom and focus.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Virtual angiography for visualization and validation of computational models of aneurysm hemodynamics.	M. D. Ford,Gordan R. Stuhne,H. N. Nikolov,Damiaan F. Habets,S. P. Lownie,David W. Holdsworth,David A. Steinman	2005	Virtual angiography for visualization and validation of computational models of aneurysm hemodynamics.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Vascular Imaging.	Alejandro F. Frangi,Amir A. Amini,Elizabeth Bullitt	2005	Vascular Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Model-based segmentation of medical imagery by matching distributions.	Daniel Freedman,Richard J. Radke,Tao Zhang,Yongwon Jeong,D. Michael Lovelock,George T. Y. Chen	2005	Model-based segmentation of medical imagery by matching distributions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A comparison of human and model observers in multislice LROC studies.	Howard C. Gifford,Michael A. King,P. Hendrik Pretorius,R. Glenn Wells	2005	A comparison of human and model observers in multislice LROC studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Operator dependence of 3-D ultrasound-based computational fluid dynamics forthe carotid bifurcation.	Fadi Glor,Ben B. Ariff,Alun D. Hughes,Pascal R. Verdonck,Simon A. Thom,Dean C. Barratt,X. Yun Xu	2005	Operator dependence of 3-D ultrasound-based computational fluid dynamics forthe carotid bifurcation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	First results from the high-resolution mouseSPECT annular scintillation camera.	Andrew L. Goertzen,Douglas W. Jones,Jürgen Seidel,King Li,Michael V. Green	2005	First results from the high-resolution mouseSPECT annular scintillation camera.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Despeckling of medical ultrasound images using data and rate adaptive lossy compression.	Nikhil Gupta,M. N. S. Swamy,Eugene I. Plotkin	2005	Despeckling of medical ultrasound images using data and rate adaptive lossy compression.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A three-parameter mechanical property reconstruction method for MR-based elastic property imaging.	Eli E. W. Van Houten,Marvin M. Doyley,Francis E. Kennedy,Keith D. Paulsen,John B. Weaver	2005	A three-parameter mechanical property reconstruction method for MR-based elastic property imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A three-dimensional registration method for automated fusion of micro PET-CT-SPECT whole-body images.	Meei-Ling Jan,Keh-Shih Chuang,Guo-Wei Chen,Yu-Ching Ni,Sharon Chen,Chih-Hsien Chang,Jay Wu,Te-Wei Lee,Ying-Kai Fu	2005	A three-dimensional registration method for automated fusion of micro PET-CT-SPECT whole-body images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Soft tissue differentiation using multiband signatures of high resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography.	Jeong-Won Jeong,Tae-Seong Kim,Dae C. Shin,Synho Do,Manbir Singh,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis	2005	Soft tissue differentiation using multiband signatures of high resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Direct reconstruction of kinetic parameter images from dynamic PET data.	Mustafa E. Kamasak,Charles A. Bouman,Evan D. Morris,Ken D. Sauer	2005	Direct reconstruction of kinetic parameter images from dynamic PET data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A New Path Planning Algorithm for Maximizing Visibility in Computed Tomography Colonography.	D. G. Kang,J. B. Ra	2005	A New Path Planning Algorithm for Maximizing Visibility in Computed Tomography Colonography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	White matter fiber tractography via anisotropic diffusion simulation in the human brain.	Ning Kang,Jun Zhang,Eric S. Carlson,Daniel Gembris	2005	White matter fiber tractography via anisotropic diffusion simulation in the human brain.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Decision strategies that maximize the area under the LROC curve.	Parmeshwar Khurd,Gene Gindi	2005	Decision strategies that maximize the area under the LROC curve.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Standardized evaluation methodology for 2-D-3-D registration.	Everine B. van de Kraats,Graeme P. Penney,Dejan Tomazevic,Theo van Walsum,Wiro J. Niessen	2005	Standardized evaluation methodology for 2-D-3-D registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Functional imaging in small animals using X-ray computed Tomography -study of physiologic measurement reproducibility.	Ganapathy Krishnamurthi,Keith M. Stantz,Rosemary Steinmetz,Vincent H. Gattone,Minsong Cao,Gary D. Hutchins,Yun Liang	2005	Functional imaging in small animals using X-ray computed Tomography -study of physiologic measurement reproducibility.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A common formalism for the Integral formulations of the forward EEG problem.	Jan Kybic,Maureen Clerc,Touffic Abboud,Olivier D. Faugeras,Renaud Keriven,Théodore Papadopoulo	2005	A common formalism for the Integral formulations of the forward EEG problem.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatio-temporal nonrigid registration for ultrasound cardiac motion estimation.	María J. Ledesma-Carbayo,Jan Kybic,Manuel Desco,Andrés Santos,Michael Sühling,Patrick R. Hunziker,Michael Unser	2005	Spatio-temporal nonrigid registration for ultrasound cardiac motion estimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Evaluation of an efficient compensation method for quantitative fan-beam brain SPECT reconstruction.	Tianfang Li,Junhai Wen,Guoping Han,Hongbing Lu,Zhengrong Liang	2005	Evaluation of an efficient compensation method for quantitative fan-beam brain SPECT reconstruction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	"An efficient reconstruction method for nonuniform attenuation compensation in nonparallel beam geometries based on Novikov's explicit inversion formula."	Tianfang Li,Jiangsheng You,Junhai Wen,Zhengrong Liang	2005	"An efficient reconstruction method for nonuniform attenuation compensation in nonparallel beam geometries based on Novikov's explicit inversion formula."
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An information-theoretic criterion for intrasubject alignment of FMRI time series: motion corrected independent component analysis.	Rui Liao,Jeffrey L. Krolik,Martin J. McKeown	2005	An information-theoretic criterion for intrasubject alignment of FMRI time series: motion corrected independent component analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Correcting bulk in-plane motion artifacts in MRI using the point spread function.	Wei Lin,Felix W. Wehrli,Hee Kwon Song	2005	Correcting bulk in-plane motion artifacts in MRI using the point spread function.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tomography-based 3-D anisotropic elastography using boundary measurements.	Yi Liu,L. Z. Sun,Ge Wang	2005	Tomography-based 3-D anisotropic elastography using boundary measurements.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Single-trial variable model for event-related fMRI data analysis.	Yingli Lu,Tianzi Jiang,Yufeng Zang	2005	Single-trial variable model for event-related fMRI data analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Correction of Bias Field in MR Images Using Singularity Function Analysis.	Jianhua Luo,Yuemin Zhu,Patrick Clarysse,Isabelle E. Magnin	2005	Correction of Bias Field in MR Images Using Singularity Function Analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automated detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma from high-resolution ex vivo MRI.	Anant Madabhushi,Michael D. Feldman,Dimitris N. Metaxas,John E. Tomaszeweski,Deborah Chute	2005	Automated detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma from high-resolution ex vivo MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Interplay between intensity standardization and inhomogeneity correction in MR image processing.	Anant Madabhushi,Jayaram K. Udupa	2005	Interplay between intensity standardization and inhomogeneity correction in MR image processing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A registration framework for the comparison of mammogram sequences.	Kostas Marias,Christian P. Behrenbruch,Santilal Parbhoo,Alexander Seifalian,Michael Brady	2005	A registration framework for the comparison of mammogram sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Image analysis for assessing molecular activity changes in time-dependent geometries.	Kostas Marias,Jorge Ripoll,Heiko Meyer,Vasilis Ntziachristos,Stelios C. Orphanoudakis	2005	Image analysis for assessing molecular activity changes in time-dependent geometries.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Comparison of a Similarity-Based and a Feature-Based 2-D-3-D Registration Method for Neurointerventional Use.	Robert A. McLaughlin,John H. Hipwell,David J. Hawkes,J. Alison Noble,James V. Byrne,Tim C. S. Cox	2005	A Comparison of a Similarity-Based and a Feature-Based 2-D-3-D Registration Method for Neurointerventional Use.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Localized measurement of optical attenuation coefficients of atherosclerotic plaque constituents by quantitative optical coherence tomography.	F. J. van der Meer,D. J. Faber,D. M. B. Sassoon,M. C. Aalders,G. Pasterkamp,T. G. van Leeuwen	2005	Localized measurement of optical attenuation coefficients of atherosclerotic plaque constituents by quantitative optical coherence tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Determination of mechanical and electronic shifts for pinhole SPECT using a single point source.	Scott D. Metzler,Kim L. Greer,Ronald J. Jaszczak	2005	Determination of mechanical and electronic shifts for pinhole SPECT using a single point source.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Molecular imaging of small animals with a triple-head SPECT system using pinhole collimation.	Scott D. Metzler,Ronald J. Jaszczak,Nikhil H. Patil,Sreekanth Vemulapalli,Gamal Akabani,Bennett B. Chin	2005	Molecular imaging of small animals with a triple-head SPECT system using pinhole collimation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A novel approach to the 2-D blind deconvolution problem in medical ultrasound.	Oleg V. Michailovich,Dan Adam	2005	A novel approach to the 2-D blind deconvolution problem in medical ultrasound.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Chirp imaging vibro-acoustography for removing the ultrasound standing wave artifact.	Farid G. Mitri,James F. Greenleaf,Mostafa Fatemi	2005	Chirp imaging vibro-acoustography for removing the ultrasound standing wave artifact.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Collimator optimization for detection and quantitation tasks: application to gallium-67 imaging.	S. C. Moore,M. F. Kijewski,G. E. Fakhri	2005	Collimator optimization for detection and quantitation tasks: application to gallium-67 imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Combined ultrasound and optoacoustic system for real-time high-contrast vascular imaging in vivo.	Joel J. Niederhauser,Michael Jaeger,Robert Lemor,Peter Weber,Martin Frenz	2005	Combined ultrasound and optoacoustic system for real-time high-contrast vascular imaging in vivo.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Automatic detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs.	Meindert Niemeijer,Bram van Ginneken,Joes Staal,M. S. A. Suttorp-Schulten,Michael D. Abràmoff	2005	Automatic detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust quantification of in vitro angiogenesis through image analysis.	Antti Niemistö,Valerie Dunmire,Olli Yli-Harja,Wei Zhang,Ilya Shmulevich	2005	Robust quantification of in vitro angiogenesis through image analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Conjugate phase MRI reconstruction with spatially variant sample density correction.	Douglas C. Noll,Jeffrey A. Fessler,Bradley P. Sutton	2005	Conjugate phase MRI reconstruction with spatially variant sample density correction.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Comparison between MAP and postprocessed ML for image reconstruction in emission tomography when anatomical knowledge is available.	Johan Nuyts,Kristof Baete,Dirk Beque,Patrick Dupont	2005	Comparison between MAP and postprocessed ML for image reconstruction in emission tomography when anatomical knowledge is available.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Visualization of vasculature with convolution surfaces: method, validation and evaluation.	Steffen Oeltze,Bernhard Preim	2005	Visualization of vasculature with convolution surfaces: method, validation and evaluation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Robust anisotropic Gaussian fitting for volumetric characterization of Pulmonary nodules in multislice CT.	Kazunori Okada,Dorin Comaniciu,Arun Krishnan	2005	Robust anisotropic Gaussian fitting for volumetric characterization of Pulmonary nodules in multislice CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms from CTA with nonparametric statistical grey level appearance modeling.	Sílvia Delgado Olabarriaga,Jean-Michel Rouet,Maxim Fradkin,Marcel Breeuwer,Wiro J. Niessen	2005	Segmentation of thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms from CTA with nonparametric statistical grey level appearance modeling.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Cone-beam reconstruction using the backprojection of locally filtered projections.	Jed D. Pack,Frédéric Noo,Rolf Clackdoyle	2005	Cone-beam reconstruction using the backprojection of locally filtered projections.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Spatial-resolution enhancement in computed tomography.	Xiaochuan Pan,Lifeng Yu,Chien-Min Kao	2005	Spatial-resolution enhancement in computed tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	The Bi-Elliptical Deformable Contour and Its Application to Automated Tongue Segmentation in Chinese Medicine.	Bo Pang,David Zhang,Kuanquan Wang	2005	The Bi-Elliptical Deformable Contour and Its Application to Automated Tongue Segmentation in Chinese Medicine.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Visible Korean Human: Improved serially sectioned images of the entire body.	Jin Seo Park,Min Suk Chung,Sung Bae Hwang,Yong Sook Lee,Dong-Hwan Har,Hyung Seon Park	2005	Visible Korean Human: Improved serially sectioned images of the entire body.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Monitoring osteoarthritis in the rat model using optical coherence tomography.	Nirlep A. Patel,Jason Zoeller,Debra L. Stamper,James G. Fujimoto,Mark E. Brezinski	2005	Monitoring osteoarthritis in the rat model using optical coherence tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improving geometric accuracy in the presence of susceptibility difference artifacts produced by metallic implants in magnetic resonance imaging.	Yves Pauchard,M. R. Smith,Martin P. Mintchev	2005	Improving geometric accuracy in the presence of susceptibility difference artifacts produced by metallic implants in magnetic resonance imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Augmented virtuality based on stereoscopic reconstruction in multimodal image-guided neurosurgery: methods and performance evaluation.	Perrine Paul,Oliver Fleig,Pierre Jannin	2005	Augmented virtuality based on stereoscopic reconstruction in multimodal image-guided neurosurgery: methods and performance evaluation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Non-Gaussian smoothing of low-count transmission scans for PET whole-body studies.	Yudi Pawitan,V. Bettinardi,M. Teras	2005	Non-Gaussian smoothing of low-count transmission scans for PET whole-body studies.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	STACS: new active contour scheme for cardiac MR image segmentation.	Charnchai Pluempitiwiriyawej,José M. F. Moura,Yi-Jen Lin Wu,Chien Ho	2005	STACS: new active contour scheme for cardiac MR image segmentation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fast generation of digitally reconstructed radiographs using attenuation fields with application to 2D-3D image registration.	Daniel B. Russakoff,Torsten Rohlfing,Kensaku Mori,Daniel Rueckert,Anthony Ho,John R. Adler Jr.,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	2005	Fast generation of digitally reconstructed radiographs using attenuation fields with application to 2D-3D image registration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Parameter distribution models for estimation of population based left ventricular deformation using sparse fiducial markers.	Espen W. Remme,Kevin F. Augenstein,Alistair A. Young,Peter J. Hunter	2005	Parameter distribution models for estimation of population based left ventricular deformation using sparse fiducial markers.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer vision elastography: speckle adaptive motion estimation for elastography using ultrasound sequences.	James Revell,Majid Mirmehdi,Donal McNally	2005	Computer vision elastography: speckle adaptive motion estimation for elastography using ultrasound sequences.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Tomographic fluorescence imaging in tissue phantoms: a novel reconstruction algorithm and imaging geometry.	Ranadhir Roy,Alan B. Thompson,Anuradha Godavarty,Eva M. Sevick-Muraca	2005	Tomographic fluorescence imaging in tissue phantoms: a novel reconstruction algorithm and imaging geometry.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Novel approaches to the measurement of arterial blood flow from dynamic digital X-ray images.	Kawal S. Rhode,Tryphon Lambrou,David J. Hawkes,Alexander M. Seifalian	2005	Novel approaches to the measurement of arterial blood flow from dynamic digital X-ray images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A system for real-time XMR guided cardiovascular intervention.	Kawal S. Rhode,Maxime Sermesant,David C. Brogan,Sanjeet Hegde,John H. Hipwell,Pier Lambiase,Eric Rosenthal,Clifford Bucknall,Shakeel A. Qureshi,Jaswinder S. Gill,Reza Razavi,Derek L. G. Hill	2005	A system for real-time XMR guided cardiovascular intervention.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Reduction of noise-induced streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography through spline-based penalized-likelihood sinogram smoothing.	Patrick J. La Rivière,David Matthew Billmire	2005	Reduction of noise-induced streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography through spline-based penalized-likelihood sinogram smoothing.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computational engine for development of complex cascaded models of signal and noise in X-ray imaging systems.	Mike Sattarivand,Ian A. Cunningham	2005	Computational engine for development of complex cascaded models of signal and noise in X-ray imaging systems.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Markerless real-time 3-D target region tracking by motion backprojection from projection images.	Torsten Rohlfing,Joachim Denzler,Christoph Gräßl,Daniel B. Russakoff,Calvin R. Maurer Jr.	2005	Markerless real-time 3-D target region tracking by motion backprojection from projection images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Maximum-likelihood techniques for joint segmentation-classification of multispectral chromosome images.	Wade Schwartzkopf,Alan C. Bovik,Brian L. Evans	2005	Maximum-likelihood techniques for joint segmentation-classification of multispectral chromosome images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Stereopsis-Guided Brain Shift Compensation.	Hai Sun,Karen E. Lunn,Hany Farid,Ziji Wu,David W. Roberts,Alexander Hartov,Keith D. Paulsen	2005	Stereopsis-Guided Brain Shift Compensation.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Accuracy of fluorescent tomography in the presence of heterogeneities: study of the normalized born ratio.	Antoine Soubret,Jorge Ripoll,Vasilis Ntziachristos	2005	Accuracy of fluorescent tomography in the presence of heterogeneities: study of the normalized born ratio.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Volume rendering in the presence of partial volume effects.	Andre Souza,Jayaram K. Udupa,Punam K. Saha	2005	Volume rendering in the presence of partial volume effects.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera.	Suleman Surti,Joel S. Karp,Amy E. Perkins,Chris A. Cardi,Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon,Austin Kuhn,Gerd Muehllehner	2005	Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Prospective motion correction of X-ray images for coronary interventions.	Guy Shechter,Barak Shechter,Jon R. Resar,Rafael Beyar	2005	Prospective motion correction of X-ray images for coronary interventions.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Computer-aided diagnostic scheme for distinction between benign and malignant nodules in thoracic low-dose CT by use of massive training artificial neural network.	Kenji Suzuki,Feng Li,Shusuke Sone,Kunio Doi	2005	Computer-aided diagnostic scheme for distinction between benign and malignant nodules in thoracic low-dose CT by use of massive training artificial neural network.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Real-time fusion of endoscopic views with dynamic 3-D cardiac images: a phantom study.	Stanislaw Szpala,Marcin Wierzbicki,Gerard Guiraudon,Terry M. Peters	2005	Real-time fusion of endoscopic views with dynamic 3-D cardiac images: a phantom study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Generalized likelihood ratio tests for complex fMRI data: a Simulation study.	Jan Sijbers,Arnold Jan den Dekker	2005	Generalized likelihood ratio tests for complex fMRI data: a Simulation study.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Contextual encoding in uniform and adaptive mesh-based lossless compression of MR images.	R. Srikanth,A. G. Ramakrishnan	2005	Contextual encoding in uniform and adaptive mesh-based lossless compression of MR images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A method to track cortical surface deformations using a laser range scanner.	Tuhin K. Sinha,Benoit M. Dawant,Valerie Duay,David M. Cash,Robert J. Weil,Reid Carleton Thompson,Kyle D. Weaver,Michael I. Miga	2005	A method to track cortical surface deformations using a laser range scanner.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mean curvature mapping for detection of corneal shape abnormality.	Maolong Tang,Raj Shekhar,David Huang	2005	Mean curvature mapping for detection of corneal shape abnormality.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Toward Automated Segmentation of the Pathological Lung in CT.	Ingrid Sluimer,Mathias Prokop,Bram van Ginneken	2005	Toward Automated Segmentation of the Pathological Lung in CT.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Noise characterization of block-iterative reconstruction algorithms: II. Monte Carlo simulations.	Edward J. Soares,Stephen J. Glick,J. W. Hoppin	2005	Noise characterization of block-iterative reconstruction algorithms: II. Monte Carlo simulations.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A Method for Determination of the Timing Stability of PET Scanners.	Christopher J. Thompson,Andrew L. Goertzen	2005	A Method for Determination of the Timing Stability of PET Scanners.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Improving the forward solver for the complete electrode model in EIT using algebraic multigrid.	Manuchehr Soleimani,Catherine E. Powell,Nicholas Polydorides	2005	Improving the forward solver for the complete electrode model in EIT using algebraic multigrid.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Intrathoracic airway trees: segmentation and airway morphology analysis from low-dose CT scans.	Juerg Tschirren,Eric A. Hoffman,Geoffrey McLennan,Milan Sonka	2005	Intrathoracic airway trees: segmentation and airway morphology analysis from low-dose CT scans.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Matching and anatomical labeling of human airway tree.	Juerg Tschirren,Geoffrey McLennan,Kálmán Palágyi,Eric A. Hoffman,Milan Sonka	2005	Matching and anatomical labeling of human airway tree.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Study of temporal stationarity and spatial consistency of fMRI noise using independent component analysis.	Gregory H. Turner,Donald B. Twieg	2005	Study of temporal stationarity and spatial consistency of fMRI noise using independent component analysis.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An adaptive tissue characterization network for model-free visualization of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image data.	Thorsten Twellmann,Oliver Lichte,Tim W. Nattkemper	2005	An adaptive tissue characterization network for model-free visualization of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A novel local thresholding algorithm for trabecular bone volume fraction mapping in the limited spatial resolution regime of in vivo MRI.	Branimir Vasilic,Felix W. Wehrli	2005	A novel local thresholding algorithm for trabecular bone volume fraction mapping in the limited spatial resolution regime of in vivo MRI.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Geometric modeling of the human normal cerebral arterial system.	Ihar Volkau,Weili Zheng,Rafail Baimouratov,Aamer Aziz,Wieslaw Lucjan Nowinski	2005	Geometric modeling of the human normal cerebral arterial system.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Neural Networks Approach to Clustering of Activity in fMRI Data.	Marotesa Voultsidou,Silke Dodel,J. Michael Herrmann	2005	Neural Networks Approach to Clustering of Activity in fMRI Data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guide wire reconstruction and visualization in 3DRA using monoplane fluoroscopic imaging.	Theo van Walsum,Shirley A. M. Baert,Wiro J. Niessen	2005	Guide wire reconstruction and visualization in 3DRA using monoplane fluoroscopic imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Guest Editorial Toward Molecular Imaging.	Ge Wang,Ronald J. Jaszczak,James P. Basilion	2005	Guest Editorial Toward Molecular Imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Time-delay- and time-reversal-based robust capon beamformers for ultrasound imaging.	Zhisong Wang,Jian Li,Renbiao Wu	2005	Time-delay- and time-reversal-based robust capon beamformers for ultrasound imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	DTI segmentation using an information theoretic tensor dissimilarity measure.	Zhizhou Wang,Baba C. Vemuri	2005	DTI segmentation using an information theoretic tensor dissimilarity measure.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A study on several Machine-learning methods for classification of Malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications.	Liyang Wei,Yongyi Yang,Robert M. Nishikawa,Yulei Jiang	2005	A study on several Machine-learning methods for classification of Malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Relevance vector machine for automatic detection of clustered microcalcifications.	Liyang Wei,Yongyi Yang,Robert M. Nishikawa,Miles N. Wernick,A. Edwards	2005	Relevance vector machine for automatic detection of clustered microcalcifications.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	SNR enhancement in radial SSFP imaging using partial k-space averaging.	Stefanie Winkelmann,Tobias Schaeffter,Holger Eggers,Olaf Dössel	2005	SNR enhancement in radial SSFP imaging using partial k-space averaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Mixture models with adaptive spatial regularization for segmentation with an application to FMRI data.	Mark William Woolrich,Timothy Edward John Behrens,Christian F. Beckmann,Stephen M. Smith	2005	Mixture models with adaptive spatial regularization for segmentation with an application to FMRI data.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Segmentation of kidney from ultrasound images based on texture and shape priors.	Jun Xie,Yifeng Jiang,Hung-Tat Tsui	2005	Segmentation of kidney from ultrasound images based on texture and shape priors.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Precise robot-assisted guide positioning for distal locking of intramedullary nails.	Ziv Yaniv,Leo Joskowicz	2005	Precise robot-assisted guide positioning for distal locking of intramedullary nails.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	An Estimation/Correction Algorithm for Detecting Bone Edges in CT Images.	Weiguang Yao,Purang Abolmaesumi,Michael A. Greenspan,Randy E. Ellis	2005	An Estimation/Correction Algorithm for Detecting Bone Edges in CT Images.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	A general exact reconstruction for cone-beam CT via backprojection-filtration.	Yangbo Ye,Shiying Zhao,Hengyong Yu,Ge Wang	2005	A general exact reconstruction for cone-beam CT via backprojection-filtration.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Fluorescent protein tomography scanner for small animal imaging.	Giannis Zacharakis,Jorge Ripoll,Ralph Weissleder,Vasilis Ntziachristos	2005	Fluorescent protein tomography scanner for small animal imaging.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Detection performance theory for ultrasound imaging systems.	Roger J. Zemp,Michael D. Parry,Craig K. Abbey,Michael F. Insana	2005	Detection performance theory for ultrasound imaging systems.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Weighted expectation maximization reconstruction algorithms for thermoacoustic tomography.	Jin Zhang,Mark A. Anastasio,Xiaochuan Pan,Lihong V. Wang	2005	Weighted expectation maximization reconstruction algorithms for thermoacoustic tomography.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Flattening maps for the visualization of multibranched vessels.	Lei Zhu,Steven Haker,Allen Tannenbaum	2005	Flattening maps for the visualization of multibranched vessels.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging	Registration-assisted segmentation of real-time 3-D echocardiographic data using deformable models.	Vladimir Zagrodsky,Vivek Walimbe,Carlos R. Castro-Pareja,Jian Xin Qin,Jong-Min Song,Raj Shekhar	2005	Registration-assisted segmentation of real-time 3-D echocardiographic data using deformable models.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of a Computerized Guideline for Glucose Regulation in the Intensive Care Unit Improved Both Guideline Adherence and Glucose Regulation.	Emmy Rood,Robert Jan Bosman,Johan Ids van der Spoel,Paul Taylor,Durk Freark Zandstra	2005	Research Paper: Use of a Computerized Guideline for Glucose Regulation in the Intensive Care Unit Improved Both Guideline Adherence and Glucose Regulation.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Defining a Workable Strategy to Stimulate Widespread Adoption of Electronic Health Records in the United States.	Gregory F. Cooper	2005	Editorial Comments: Defining a Workable Strategy to Stimulate Widespread Adoption of Electronic Health Records in the United States.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: The PING Personally Controlled Electronic Medical Record System: Technical Architecture.	William W. Simons,Kenneth D. Mandl,Isaac S. Kohane	2005	Model Formulation: The PING Personally Controlled Electronic Medical Record System: Technical Architecture.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Informatics Challenges for the Impending Patient Information Explosion.	Eta S. Berner,Jacqueline Moss	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Informatics Challenges for the Impending Patient Information Explosion.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Health Care IT Collaboration in Massachusetts: The Experience of Creating Regional Connectivity.	John Halamka,Meg Aranow,Carl Ascenzo,David W. Bates,Greg Debor,John Glaser,Allan H. Goroll,Jim Stowe,Micky Tripathi,Gordon Vineyard	2005	Application of Information Technology: Health Care IT Collaboration in Massachusetts: The Experience of Creating Regional Connectivity.
JAMIA	Position Paper: Participant Perceptions of the Influences of the NLM-Sponsored Woods Hole Medical Informatics Course.	Vimla L. Patel,Timothy Branch,Andria Cimino,Cathy Norton,James J. Cimino	2005	Position Paper: Participant Perceptions of the Influences of the NLM-Sponsored Woods Hole Medical Informatics Course.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Quantifying Visual Similarity in Clinical Iconic Graphics.	Philip R. O. Payne,Justin Starren	2005	Research Paper: Quantifying Visual Similarity in Clinical Iconic Graphics.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Creating the Web-based Intensive Care Unit Safety Reporting System.	Christine G. Holzmueller,Peter J. Pronovost,Fern Dickman,David A. Thompson,Albert W. Wu,Lisa H. Lubomski,Maureen Fahey,Donald M. Steinwachs,Lilly Engineer,Ali Jaffrey,Laura L. Morlock,Todd Dorman	2005	Application of Information Technology: Creating the Web-based Intensive Care Unit Safety Reporting System.
JAMIA	"Research Paper: Answering Physicians' Clinical Questions: Obstacles and Potential Solutions."	John W. Ely,Jerome A. Osheroff,M. Lee Chambliss,Mark H. Ebell,Marcy E. Rosenbaum	2005	"Research Paper: Answering Physicians' Clinical Questions: Obstacles and Potential Solutions."
JAMIA	Research Paper: ALICE: An Algorithm to Extract Abbreviations from MEDLINE.	Hiroko Ao,Toshihisa Takagi	2005	Research Paper: ALICE: An Algorithm to Extract Abbreviations from MEDLINE.
JAMIA	Case Report: Implementing a Commercial Rule Base as a Medication Order Safety Net.	Richard M. Reichley,Terry L. Seaton,Ervina Resetar,Scott T. Micek,Karen L. Scott,Victoria J. Fraser,W. Claiborne Dunagan,Thomas C. Bailey	2005	Case Report: Implementing a Commercial Rule Base as a Medication Order Safety Net.
JAMIA	Review Paper: Will the Wave Finally Break? A Brief View of the Adoption of Electronic Medical Records in the United States.	Eta S. Berner,Don E. Detmer,Donald W. Simborg	2005	Review Paper: Will the Wave Finally Break? A Brief View of the Adoption of Electronic Medical Records in the United States.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Toward Semantic Interoperability in Home Health Care: Formally Representing OASIS Items for Integration into a Concept-oriented Terminology.	Jeungok Choi,Melinda L. Jenkins,James J. Cimino,Thomas M. White,Suzanne Bakken	2005	Application of Information Technology: Toward Semantic Interoperability in Home Health Care: Formally Representing OASIS Items for Integration into a Concept-oriented Terminology.
JAMIA	Special Features: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2004.	Edward H. Shortliffe	2005	Special Features: American College of Medical Informatics Fellows and International Associates, 2004.
JAMIA	Editorial Comments: Information Technology in the Rural Setting: Challenges and More Challenges.	Mark E. Frisse,Jane Metzer	2005	Editorial Comments: Information Technology in the Rural Setting: Challenges and More Challenges.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Clinical Research Subject Recruitment: The Volunteer for Vanderbilt Research Program www.volunteer.mc.vanderbilt.edu.	Paul A. Harris,Lynda Lane,Italo Biaggioni	2005	Application of Information Technology: Clinical Research Subject Recruitment: The Volunteer for Vanderbilt Research Program www.volunteer.mc.vanderbilt.edu.
JAMIA	Case Report: Comprehensive Analysis of a Medication Dosing Error Related to CPOE.	Jan Horsky,Gilad J. Kuperman,Vimla L. Patel	2005	Case Report: Comprehensive Analysis of a Medication Dosing Error Related to CPOE.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Functional Characteristics of Commercial Ambulatory Electronic Prescribing Systems: A Field Study.	C. Jason Wang,Richard S. Marken,Robin C. Meili,Julie B. Straus,Adam B. Landman,Douglas S. Bell	2005	Research Paper: Functional Characteristics of Commercial Ambulatory Electronic Prescribing Systems: A Field Study.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Organizational and Physician Perspectives about Facilitating Handheld Computer Use in Clinical Practice: Results of a Cross-Site Qualitative Study.	Ann Scheck McAlearney,Sharon B. Schweikhart,Mitchell A. Medow	2005	Research Paper: Organizational and Physician Perspectives about Facilitating Handheld Computer Use in Clinical Practice: Results of a Cross-Site Qualitative Study.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Accuracy of References in Five Biomedical Informatics Journals.	Dominik Aronsky,Joel Ransom,Kevin Robinson	2005	Research Paper: Accuracy of References in Five Biomedical Informatics Journals.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Evolution of a Mature Clinical Informationist Model.	Nunzia B. Giuse,Taneya Y. Koonce,Rebecca N. Jerome,Molynda Cahall,Nila A. Sathe,Annette Williams	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Evolution of a Mature Clinical Informationist Model.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Validation of a Discharge Summary Term Search Method to Detect Adverse Events.	Alan J. Forster,Jason Andrade,Carl van Walraven	2005	Research Paper: Validation of a Discharge Summary Term Search Method to Detect Adverse Events.
JAMIA	Technical Evaluation: An Evaluation of the Current State of Genomic Data Privacy Protection Technology and a Roadmap for the Future.	Bradley A. Malin	2005	Technical Evaluation: An Evaluation of the Current State of Genomic Data Privacy Protection Technology and a Roadmap for the Future.
JAMIA	Case Report: Safe Teleradiology: Information Assurance as Project Planning Methodology.	Jeffery Collmann,Adil Alaoui,Dan Nguyen,David Lindisch	2005	Case Report: Safe Teleradiology: Information Assurance as Project Planning Methodology.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Achievable Steps Toward Building a National Health Information Infrastructure in the United States.	William W. Stead,Brian J. Kelly,Robert M. Kolodner	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Achievable Steps Toward Building a National Health Information Infrastructure in the United States.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Effect of an Internet-Based System for Doctor-Patient Communication on Health Care Spending.	Laurence Baker,Jeffrey Rideout,Paul Gertler,Kristiana Raube	2005	Application of Information Technology: Effect of an Internet-Based System for Doctor-Patient Communication on Health Care Spending.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Server-based Approach to Web Visualization of Integrated Three-dimensional Brain Imaging Data.	Andrew V. Poliakov,Evan Albright,Kevin P. Hinshaw,David P. Corina,George A. Ojemann,Richard F. Martin,James F. Brinkley	2005	Application of Information Technology: Server-based Approach to Web Visualization of Integrated Three-dimensional Brain Imaging Data.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Modeling Electronic Discharge Summaries as a Simple Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem.	George Hripcsak,Li Zhou,Simon Parsons,Amar K. Das,Stephen B. Johnson	2005	Model Formulation: Modeling Electronic Discharge Summaries as a Simple Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Interventions to Regulate Ordering of Serum Magnesium Levels: Report of an Unintended Consequence of Decision Support.	S. Trent Rosenbloom,Kou-Wei Chiu,Daniel W. Byrne,Douglas A. Talbert,Eric G. Neilson,Randolph A. Miller	2005	Research Paper: Interventions to Regulate Ordering of Serum Magnesium Levels: Report of an Unintended Consequence of Decision Support.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Statistical Approach to Scanning the Biomedical Literature for Pharmacogenetics Knowledge.	Daniel L. Rubin,Caroline F. Thorn,Teri E. Klein,Russ B. Altman	2005	Application of Information Technology: A Statistical Approach to Scanning the Biomedical Literature for Pharmacogenetics Knowledge.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: PrimeAnswers: A Practical Interface for Answering Primary Care Questions.	Debra S. Ketchell,Leilani St. Anna,David Kauff,Barak Gaster,Diane Timberlake	2005	Application of Information Technology: PrimeAnswers: A Practical Interface for Answering Primary Care Questions.
JAMIA	Position Paper: Wireless Technology Infrastructures for Authentication of Patients: PKI that Rings.	Ulrich Sax,Isaac S. Kohane,Kenneth D. Mandl	2005	Position Paper: Wireless Technology Infrastructures for Authentication of Patients: PKI that Rings.
JAMIA	Research Paper: The Effect of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Medical Student Clerkship Experiences.	Amy M. Knight,Steven J. Kravet,G. Michael Harper,Bruce Leff	2005	Research Paper: The Effect of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Medical Student Clerkship Experiences.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Accelerating U.S. EHR Adoption: How to Get There From Here. Recommendations Based on the 2004 ACMI Retreat.	Blackford Middleton,W. Ed Hammond,Patricia F. Brennan,Gregory F. Cooper	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Accelerating U.S. EHR Adoption: How to Get There From Here. Recommendations Based on the 2004 ACMI Retreat.
JAMIA	AMIA Position Paper: Clinical Decision Support in Electronic Prescribing: Recommendations and an Action Plan: Report of the Joint Clinical Decision Support Workgroup.	Jonathan M. Teich,Jerome A. Osheroff,Eric A. Pifer,Dean F. Sittig,Robert A. Jenders	2005	AMIA Position Paper: Clinical Decision Support in Electronic Prescribing: Recommendations and an Action Plan: Report of the Joint Clinical Decision Support Workgroup.
JAMIA	Case Report: A High Productivity/Low Maintenance Approach to High-performance Computation for Biomedicine: Four Case Studies.	Nicholas Carriero,Michael V. Osier,Kei-Hoi Cheung,Perry L. Miller,Mark Gerstein,Hongyu Zhao,Baolin Wu,Scott Rifkin,Joseph T. Chang,Heping Zhang,Kevin White,Kenneth Williams,Martin H. Schultz	2005	Case Report: A High Productivity/Low Maintenance Approach to High-performance Computation for Biomedicine: Four Case Studies.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Automated Detection of Adverse Events Using Natural Language Processing of Discharge Summaries.	Genevieve B. Melton,George Hripcsak	2005	Research Paper: Automated Detection of Adverse Events Using Natural Language Processing of Discharge Summaries.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Do Online Information Retrieval Systems Help Experienced Clinicians Answer Clinical Questions?	Johanna I. Westbrook,Enrico W. Coiera,A. Sophie Gosling	2005	Research Paper: Do Online Information Retrieval Systems Help Experienced Clinicians Answer Clinical Questions?
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Implementation of Hospital Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in a Rural State: Feasibility and Financial Impact.	Robert L. Ohsfeldt,Marcia M. Ward,John E. Schneider,Mirou Jaana,Thomas R. Miller,Yang Lei,Douglas S. Wakefield	2005	Application of Information Technology: Implementation of Hospital Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in a Rural State: Feasibility and Financial Impact.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Integrating SNOMED CT into the UMLS: An Exploration of Different Views of Synonymy and Quality of Editing.	Kin Wah Fung,William T. Hole,Stuart J. Nelson,Suresh Srinivasan,Tammy Powell,Laura Roth	2005	Research Paper: Integrating SNOMED CT into the UMLS: An Exploration of Different Views of Synonymy and Quality of Editing.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Parents as Partners in Obtaining the Medication History.	Stephen C. Porter,Isaac S. Kohane,Donald A. Goldmann	2005	Research Paper: Parents as Partners in Obtaining the Medication History.
JAMIA	Review Paper: The Impact of Electronic Health Records on Time Efficiency of Physicians and Nurses: A Systematic Review.	Lise Poissant,Jennifer Pereira,Robyn Tamblyn,Yuko Kawasumi	2005	Review Paper: The Impact of Electronic Health Records on Time Efficiency of Physicians and Nurses: A Systematic Review.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: KAT: A Flexible XML-based Knowledge Authoring Environment.	Nathan C. Hulse,Roberto A. Rocha,Guilherme Del Fiol,Richard L. Bradshaw,Timothy P. Hanna,Lorrie K. Roemer	2005	Application of Information Technology: KAT: A Flexible XML-based Knowledge Authoring Environment.
JAMIA	Technical Brief: Agreement, the F-Measure, and Reliability in Information Retrieval.	George Hripcsak,Adam S. Rothschild	2005	Technical Brief: Agreement, the F-Measure, and Reliability in Information Retrieval.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Information Technology for Clinical Guideline Implementation: Perceptions of Multidisciplinary Stakeholders.	Stacie Salsbury Lyons,Toni Tripp-Reimer,Bernard A. Sorofman,Jane E. DeWitt,Bonnie J. BootsMiller,Thomas E. Vaughn,Bradley N. Doebbeling	2005	Research Paper: Information Technology for Clinical Guideline Implementation: Perceptions of Multidisciplinary Stakeholders.
JAMIA	Research Paper: A Record Linkage Protocol for a Diabetes Registry at Ethnically Diverse Community Health Centers.	Neil A. Maizlish,Linda Herrera	2005	Research Paper: A Record Linkage Protocol for a Diabetes Registry at Ethnically Diverse Community Health Centers.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: MediClass: A System for Detecting and Classifying Encounter-based Clinical Events in Any Electronic Medical Record.	Brian Hazlehurst,H. Robert Frost,Dean F. Sittig,Victor J. Stevens	2005	Application of Information Technology: MediClass: A System for Detecting and Classifying Encounter-based Clinical Events in Any Electronic Medical Record.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Grid-Based Image Archival and Analysis System.	Shannon Hastings,Scott Oster,Stephen Langella,Tahsin M. Kurç,Tony Pan,Ümit V. Çatalyürek,Joel H. Saltz	2005	Application of Information Technology: A Grid-Based Image Archival and Analysis System.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of Computerized Clinical Reminders.	Jason J. Saleem,Emily S. Patterson,Laura G. Militello,Marta L. Render,Greg Orshansky,Steven M. Asch	2005	Research Paper: Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of Computerized Clinical Reminders.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Improved Identification of Noun Phrases in Clinical Radiology Reports Using a High-Performance Statistical Natural Language Parser Augmented with the UMLS Specialist Lexicon.	Yang Huang,Henry J. Lowe,Dan Klein,Russell J. Cucina	2005	Application of Information Technology: Improved Identification of Noun Phrases in Clinical Radiology Reports Using a High-Performance Statistical Natural Language Parser Augmented with the UMLS Specialist Lexicon.
JAMIA	Case Report: Frequency of Laboratory Test Utilization in the Intensive Care Unit and Its Implications for Large-Scale Data Collection Efforts.	Joseph J. Frassica	2005	Case Report: Frequency of Laboratory Test Utilization in the Intensive Care Unit and Its Implications for Large-Scale Data Collection Efforts.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Generating a Reliable Reference Standard Set for Syndromic Case Classification.	Wendy Webber Chapman,John N. Dowling,Michael M. Wagner	2005	Research Paper: Generating a Reliable Reference Standard Set for Syndromic Case Classification.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Clinical Decision Support and Electronic Prescribing Systems: A Time for Responsible Thought and Action.	Randolph A. Miller,Reed M. Gardner,Kevin B. Johnson,George Hripcsak	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Clinical Decision Support and Electronic Prescribing Systems: A Time for Responsible Thought and Action.
JAMIA	Special Feature: Enhanced Online Features.	Elizabeth Madsen	2005	Special Feature: Enhanced Online Features.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Emotional Aspects of Computer-based Provider Order Entry: A Qualitative Study.	Dean F. Sittig,Michael Krall,JoAnn Kaalaas-Sittig,Joan S. Ash	2005	Research Paper: Emotional Aspects of Computer-based Provider Order Entry: A Qualitative Study.
JAMIA	Viewpoint Paper: Strategies to Configure Image Analysis Algorithms for Clinical Usage.	Thomas Martin Lehmann,Jörg Bredno	2005	Viewpoint Paper: Strategies to Configure Image Analysis Algorithms for Clinical Usage.
JAMIA	Position Paper: Factors and Forces Affecting EHR System Adoption: Report of a 2004 ACMI Discussion.	Joan S. Ash,David W. Bates	2005	Position Paper: Factors and Forces Affecting EHR System Adoption: Report of a 2004 ACMI Discussion.
JAMIA	"Viewpoint Paper: Communities' Readiness for Health Information Exchange: The National Landscape in 2004."	J. Marc Overhage,Lori Evans,Janet Marchibroda	2005	"Viewpoint Paper: Communities' Readiness for Health Information Exchange: The National Landscape in 2004."
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Relationship Structures and Semantic Type Assignments of the UMLS Enriched Semantic Network.	Li Zhang,Michael Halper,Yehoshua Perl,James Geller,James J. Cimino	2005	Model Formulation: Relationship Structures and Semantic Type Assignments of the UMLS Enriched Semantic Network.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Optimal Search Strategies for Detecting Clinically Sound Prognostic Studies in EMBASE: An Analytic Survey.	Nancy L. Wilczynski,R. Brian Haynes	2005	Research Paper: Optimal Search Strategies for Detecting Clinically Sound Prognostic Studies in EMBASE: An Analytic Survey.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Trial of Automated Decision Support Alerts for Contraindicated Medications Using Computerized Physician Order Entry.	William L. Galanter,Robert J. Didomenico,Audrius Polikaitis	2005	Application of Information Technology: A Trial of Automated Decision Support Alerts for Contraindicated Medications Using Computerized Physician Order Entry.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Generating XML Schemas for DICOM Structured Reporting Templates.	Luyin Zhao,Kwok Pun Lee,Jingkun Hu	2005	Research Paper: Generating XML Schemas for DICOM Structured Reporting Templates.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of e-Health Services between 1999 and 2002: A Growing Digital Divide.	John Hsu,Jie Huang,James Kinsman,Bruce Fireman,Robert Miller,Joseph Selby,Eduardo Ortiz	2005	Research Paper: Use of e-Health Services between 1999 and 2002: A Growing Digital Divide.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Promoting Health Literacy.	Alexa T. McCray	2005	Application of Information Technology: Promoting Health Literacy.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Use of Graph Theory to Identify Patterns of Deprivation and High Morbidity and Mortality in Public Health Data Sets.	Peter A. Bath,Cheryl Craigs,Ravi Maheswaran,John W. Raymond,Peter Willett	2005	Research Paper: Use of Graph Theory to Identify Patterns of Deprivation and High Morbidity and Mortality in Public Health Data Sets.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Information Retrieval Performance of Probabilistically Generated, Problem-Specific Computerized Provider Order Entry Pick-Lists: A Pilot Study.	Adam S. Rothschild,Harold P. Lehmann	2005	Research Paper: Information Retrieval Performance of Probabilistically Generated, Problem-Specific Computerized Provider Order Entry Pick-Lists: A Pilot Study.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Handheld Computer-based Decision Support Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Antibiotic Prescribing in Critical Care.	Vitali Sintchenko,Jonathan R. Iredell,Gwendolyn L. Gilbert,Enrico W. Coiera	2005	Application of Information Technology: Handheld Computer-based Decision Support Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Antibiotic Prescribing in Critical Care.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Effect of CPOE User Interface Design on User-Initiated Access to Educational and Patient Information during Clinical Care.	S. Trent Rosenbloom,Antoine Geissbühler,William D. Dupont,Dario A. Giuse,Douglas A. Talbert,William M. Tierney,W. Dale Plummer,William W. Stead,Randolph A. Miller	2005	Research Paper: Effect of CPOE User Interface Design on User-Initiated Access to Educational and Patient Information during Clinical Care.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Health Information Technology and Physician-Patient Interactions: Impact of Computers on Communication during Outpatient Primary Care Visits.	John Hsu,Jie Huang,Vicki Fung,Nan Robertson,Holly Jimison,Richard Frankel	2005	Research Paper: Health Information Technology and Physician-Patient Interactions: Impact of Computers on Communication during Outpatient Primary Care Visits.
JAMIA	Special Feature: Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Clement J. McDonald, MD.	J. Marc Overhage	2005	Special Feature: Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Clement J. McDonald, MD.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Detection and Prevention of Medication Errors Using Real-Time Bedside Nurse Charting.	Nancy C. Nelson,R. Scott Evans,Matthew H. Samore,Reed M. Gardner	2005	Application of Information Technology: Detection and Prevention of Medication Errors Using Real-Time Bedside Nurse Charting.
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Health@HomeThe Work of Health Information Management in the Household (HIMH): Implications for Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) Innovations.	Anne Moen,Patricia Flatley Brennan	2005	Model Formulation: Health@HomeThe Work of Health Information Management in the Household (HIMH): Implications for Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) Innovations.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: A Technical Infrastructure to Conduct Randomized Database Studies Facilitated by a General Practice Research Database.	Georgio Mosis,Albert E. Vlug,Mees Mosseveld,Jeanne P. Dieleman,Bruno C. Stricker,Johan van der Lei,Miriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom	2005	Application of Information Technology: A Technical Infrastructure to Conduct Randomized Database Studies Facilitated by a General Practice Research Database.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Text Categorization Models for High-Quality Article Retrieval in Internal Medicine.	Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs,Ioannis Tsamardinos,Alexander R. Statnikov,Douglas Hardin,Constantin F. Aliferis	2005	Research Paper: Text Categorization Models for High-Quality Article Retrieval in Internal Medicine.
JAMIA	"Editorial Comments: AMIA's White Paper Policy Series on Timely Issues in Informatics."	Don E. Detmer,Charles Safran	2005	"Editorial Comments: AMIA's White Paper Policy Series on Timely Issues in Informatics."
JAMIA	Model Formulation: Development of an Information Model for Storing Organ Donor Data Within an Electronic Medical Record.	Catherine J. Staes,Stanley M. Huff,R. Scott Evans,Scott P. Narus,Cyndalynn Tilley,John B. Sorensen	2005	Model Formulation: Development of an Information Model for Storing Organ Donor Data Within an Electronic Medical Record.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Patient-Perceived Usefulness of Online Electronic Medical Records: Employing Grounded Theory in the Development of Information and Communication Technologies for Use by Patients Living with Chronic Illness.	Warren J. Winkelman,Kevin J. Leonard,Peter G. Rossos	2005	Research Paper: Patient-Perceived Usefulness of Online Electronic Medical Records: Employing Grounded Theory in the Development of Information and Communication Technologies for Use by Patients Living with Chronic Illness.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Using Petri Net Tools to Study Properties and Dynamics of Biological Systems.	Mor Peleg,Daniel L. Rubin,Russ B. Altman	2005	Research Paper: Using Petri Net Tools to Study Properties and Dynamics of Biological Systems.
JAMIA	Research Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry and Electronic Medical Record Systems in Korean Teaching and General Hospitals: Results of a 2004 Survey.	Rae Woong Park,Seung Soo Shin,Young In Choi,Jae Ouk Ahn,Sung Chul Hwang	2005	Research Paper: Computerized Physician Order Entry and Electronic Medical Record Systems in Korean Teaching and General Hospitals: Results of a 2004 Survey.
JAMIA	Technology Evaluation: A Randomized Trial of Electronic Clinical Reminders to Improve Quality of Care for Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease.	Thomas D. Sequist,Tejal K. Gandhi,Andrew S. Karson,Julie M. Fiskio,Donald Bugbee,Michael Sperling,E. Francis Cook,E. John Orav,David G. Fairchild,David W. Bates	2005	Technology Evaluation: A Randomized Trial of Electronic Clinical Reminders to Improve Quality of Care for Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Enhanced Notification of Critical Ventilator Events.	R. Scott Evans,Kyle V. Johnson,Vrena B. Flint,Tupper Kinder,Charles R. Lyon,William L. Hawley,David K. Vawdrey,George E. Thomsen	2005	Application of Information Technology: Enhanced Notification of Critical Ventilator Events.
JAMIA	Application of Information Technology: Processes and Problems in the Formative Evaluation of an Interface to the Foundational Model of Anatomy Knowledge Base.	Linda G. Shapiro,Emily Chung,Landon Detwiler,José L. V. Mejino Jr.,Augusto V. Agoncillo,James F. Brinkley,Cornelius Rosse	2005	Application of Information Technology: Processes and Problems in the Formative Evaluation of an Interface to the Foundational Model of Anatomy Knowledge Base.